Next Article in Journal
Tea Seed Oil Prevents Obesity, Reduces Physical Fatigue, and Improves Exercise Performance in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Ovariectomized Mice
Next Article in Special Issue
Cu-Catalyzed Oxidative 3-Amination of Indoles via Formation of Indolyl(aryl)iodonium Imides Using o-Substituted (Diacetoxyiodo)arene as a High-Performance Hypervalent Iodine Compound
Previous Article in Journal
Chemicals from Food Supply Chain By-Products and Waste Streams
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Molecules
Volume 24
Issue 5
10.3390/molecules24050979
molecules-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles thumb_up
...
Endorse textsms
...
Comment
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Sulfonylimino Group Transfer Reaction Using Imino-λ3-iodanes with I2 as Catalyst Under Metal-free Conditions

by
Akira Yoshimura
1,2,*,
Cody L. Makitalo
2,
Melissa E. Jarvi
2,
Michael T. Shea
2,
Pavel S. Postnikov
1,
Gregory T. Rohde
3,
Viktor V. Zhdankin
2,
Akio Saito
4 and
Mekhman S. Yusubov
1
1
Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, The Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
2
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
3
Marshall School, Duluth, MN 55811, USA
4
Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2019, 24(5), 979; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24050979
Submission received: 13 February 2019 / Revised: 5 March 2019 / Accepted: 7 March 2019 / Published: 11 March 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Chemistry of Hypervalent Iodine Compounds)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
A new practical procedure of imination for sulfide has been developed. The treatment of (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane, PhINTs, with various sulfides in the presence of a catalytic amount of I2 under metal-free conditions affords the corresponding N-tosylsulfilimine compounds with moderate to good yields. This facile transfer procedure of the sulfonylimino group can also be applied to triphenylphosphine to produce the respective iminotriphenylphosphoranes in high yields. According to the reaction mechanism studies, the process of imination from (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane to sulfide under the conditions may involve radical steps within the reaction mechanism.

Graphical Abstract

1. Introduction

Sulfur–carbon ylides and sulfur–heteroatom ylide compounds are widely used in many chemical reactions as important transformational reagents [1,2,3,4,5]. Numerous reactions employing sulfide ylides have been demonstrated in organic synthesis. In particular, sulfur–nitrogen ylides [6,7,8], N-sulfonyl sulfilimines, such as mono-aza analogues of sulfoxides, are common aziridination reagents [9], epoxidation reagents [10], or palladium metal ligands [11]. Sulfilimine compounds are also used as efficient synthons for sulfoximines, which can be easily prepared by the appropriate oxidants, and these compounds are used in medicinal or synthetic chemistry [12,13,14,15]. Synthetic methodologies for directly introducing N-sulfonylimino groups to sulfide atom using oxidants with nitrogen source have been developed [16,17,18,19].
Organohypervalent iodine compounds are known as efficient oxidative reagents for organic synthesis because of the exceptionally high leaving ability of the iodobenzene group [20,21,22,23,24]. The versatile reactivity of hypervalent iodine(III) compounds allows for various bond formations, some of which are otherwise difficult reactions in the absence of iodine(III) reagents. Particularly, N-sulfonylimino-λ3-iodanes represent an important class of hypervalent iodine(III) compounds, which are commonly used as N-sulfonylimino group sources or selective oxidative reagents for various organic substrates [25,26,27]. For example, the reaction of sulfides with (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane in the presence of Cu, Mn, or Fe metal catalyst gave the corresponding sulfoximine compounds (Scheme 1a) [28,29,30,31,32,33]. However, a metal-free condition for reactions is a significant goal in the development of eco-friendly reaction methodology. Recently, Lamar and Nicholas reported the C-H amidation reaction of saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons using imino-λ3-iodanes in the presence of a catalytic amount of elemental iodine under transition metal-free conditions [34]. Lamar’s group also reported the imidation reaction of aldehydes under similar reaction conditions [35]. Metal-free aziridination reactions of styrenes using (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane in the presence of I2-tetrabutylammonium iodide combination have been developed by Minakata and co-worker [36]. To the best of our knowledge, however, I2 mediated metal-free imination reactions of sulfides using imino-λ3-iodanes have not been developed. In this paper, we report the sulfonylimino group transfer reaction from imino-λ3-iodane to sulfide atom under metal-free conditions (Scheme 1b). Reaction mechanisms of this sulfonylimino group transfer reaction may involve the radical process under reaction conditions.

2. Results

2.1. Optimization of Reaction Conditions

Our approach to metal-free sulfonylimino group transfer reaction is based on previously reported reaction conditions such as (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane in the presence of I2 as a catalyst [34,36]. In the initial experiment, we investigated the reaction of thioanisole 1a (1 equiv.) with (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane 2a (1.2 equiv.) in the presence of a catalytic amount of both I2 and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as an additive under various solvents at room temperature (Table 1, entries 1–9). We have found that dichloromethane is an efficient solvent for the metal-free imination reaction of thioanisole 1a using (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane 2a. The presence of TBAI as an additive did not affect this reaction (entry 10). However, in the absence of I2 as a catalyst, the reaction dramatically changed, resulting in a low yield of the formation of the desired N-tosyl sulfilimine 3a (entries 11 and 12). Extension of the reaction time was effective for the desired product 3a yield (entry 14). Decreasing the amount of I2 catalyst from 10 mol% to 2 mol% increased the yield of N-tosyl sulfilimine 3a (entries 14–16). These results implied that the slow generation of the activated species was very important for this reaction because the species generated from (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane 2a and I2 were probably unstable in the reaction mixtures. Meanwhile, further reduction of the amount of I2 catalyst and a longer reaction time led to a decreased amount of the desired product 3a (entries 17 and 18). Finally, performing the reaction under the dark conditions slightly suppressed the product yield, which supports a radical pathway in the reaction mixtures (entry 19) [36].

2.2. Scope of Reactions

According to the optimized conditions with 2 mol% I2, we have investigated the conversion of various substituted sulfides 1 to the corresponding sulfilimines 3. In general, the reactions of thioanisoles 1a–i with either electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents using (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane 2a in the presence of I2 as the catalyst gave the corresponding N-tosyl sulfilimine compounds 3a-i in moderate to good yields (Table 2, entries 1–9). In the reaction of the sterically hindered o-chlorothioanisole 1f or the strong electron-withdrawing substituted p-nitrothioanisole 1i, products 3 were obtained in 59–69% yields (entries 6 and 9). The reaction of diphenylsulfide 1j, benzyl phenyl sulfide 1k, and dibenzyl sulfide 1l gave the respective products 3j–k in moderate yields (entries 10–12). This reaction also worked for the acyclic 1 or cyclic aliphatic sulfides 1m-p to give the desired sulfilimines 3m-p in good yields (entries 13–16). However, the reaction with the most steric bulky sulfide, di-tert-butyl sulfide 1q, afforded the desired product 3q in only 8% (entry 17). As expected, the reaction of 1a using imino-λ3-iodanes 2b–d with different substituents afforded the corresponding sulfilimines 3r–s in moderate to good yields (entries 18–20). This metal-free procedure gave comparable or higher yields of sulfilimines compared to the previously reported metal catalyst mediated N-tosyl sulfonylimino group transfer reaction to sulfide from (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane [28,29,30,31,32,33]. Particularly, the scaled up reaction of 1a (1 mmol) under optimized conditions gave the desired product 3a in 76%.
Moreover, the reaction of triphenylphosphine 4 with (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane 2a under optimized conditions also allowed the transfer reaction of N-tosyl sulfonylimino group to give the (N-tosylimino)-triphenylphosphorane 5 in excellent yield (Scheme 2). The structure of 5 was confirmed by a single crystal X-ray crystallography (see Supplementary Materials) [37]. Compared to the previously reported preparation of 5 using imino-λ3-iodanes, our reaction proceeds under very mild conditions and affords the product in higher yields [38,39].

3. Discussion

3.1. Mechanistic Study

To clarify the mechanism of metal-free sulfonylimino group transfer reaction, we have performed several blank experiments (Scheme 3). Based on the previously reported experiment, a amidyl radical precursor like N,N-diiodotosylamide or a related species might be generated from (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane 2a with I2 [34,35,36,40]. A radical mechanism is plausible because performing the reaction under dark conditions results in relatively low yields of product 3a (Table 1, entry 20). Therefore, the presence of a radical scavenger such as TEMPO or BHT in the reaction would be effective for identification of the reaction mechanism. In the case of both reactions, the desired sulfilimine 3a was detected in the reaction mixtures in low yields around 11% as compared to 88% without the radical scavenger, which implies that the amidyl radical species were involved under the reaction mixture. When benzene was added to the reaction instead of thioanisole 1a, azepine or N-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide was not detected and only p-toluenesulonamide was recovered from the reaction mixtures. This result suggested that highly active nitrene species were not present under the reaction conditions.

3.2. Proposed Reaction Mechanism

From blank experiments and previously related results involving the amidyl radical species from imino-λ3-iodane 2a with I2 [34,35,36,40], we proposed the reaction mechanism of imination (Scheme 4). Initially, (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane 2a reacted with I2 to produce N,N-diiodotosylamide 6 (or related species) followed by generation of the amidyl radical 7 and iodine radical under the reaction conditions. The generated amidyl radical 7 was trapped by thioanisole 1a to afford the intermediate compound 8, followed by loss of iodine radical to give the desired sulfilimine product 3a and reproduced I2. The regenerated I2 would continue the next catalytic cycle.

4. Materials and Methods

4.1. General Experimental Remarks

All reactions were performed under dry argon atmosphere with flame-dried glassware. All commercial reagents were ACS reagent grade and used without further purification. Dichloromethane was distilled from CaH2 immediately prior to use. Melting points were determined in an open capillary tube with a Mel-temp II melting point apparatus. Infrared spectra were recorded on a Perkin-Elmer 1600 series FT-IR spectrophotometer, and peaks were reported in reciprocal centimeters (cm–1). 1H NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian Inova 500 and 300 MHz NMR spectrometer; 13C NMR spectra were recorded on Varian Inova 500 and Varian 300 MHz NMR spectrometers at 125 and 75 MHz, respectively. Chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm). 1H and 13C chemical shifts are referenced relative to tetramethylsilane. X-ray crystal analysis was performed by Rigaku RAPID II XRD Image Plate using graphite-monochromated MoKα radiation (λ = 0.71073 Å) at 173 K. (N-p-Tosylimino)phenyl-λ3-iodane 2a [41], (N-p-nosylimino)phenyl-λ3-iodane 2b [42], (N-o-nosylimino)phenyl-λ3-iodane 2c [43], and N-(phenylsulfonylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane 2d [44] were prepared according to the reported procedures.

4.2. General Procedure for Imination of Sulfides 1 with Imino-phenyl-λ3-iodane 2 in the Presence of I2

Imino-λ3-iodane 2 (0.12–0.24 mmol) was added at room temperature to a stirred mixture of sulfide 1 (0.10–0.20 mmol) and I2 (0.002–0.004 mmol) in dichloromethane (1.0–2.0 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. After the reaction, 5% aqueous Na2S2O3 (2.5–5.0 mL) was added to the mixture and the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was separated by column chromatography using the Hexane-EtOAc (1:1 to 0:100) to afford the pure product 3.
S-Methyl-S-phenyl-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3a) [45]. Reaction of thioanisole 1a (25 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 52 mg (88%) of product 5a, isolated as a white solid: mp 129–130 °C (lit. [45]; mp 131.5–132 °C); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.73 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.56–7.46 (m, 3H), 7.16 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 2.84 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H).
S-Methyl-S-(4-tolyl)-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3b) [29]. Reaction of methyl(4-tolyl)sulfide 1b (28 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 44 mg (72%) of product 3b, isolated as a light brown oil; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.72 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H).
S-Methyl-S-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3c) [46]. Reaction of 4-methoxyphenyl(methyl)sulfide 1c (31 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 51 mg (78%) of product 3c, isolated as a white solid: mp 147 °C (lit. [46]; mp 146–147 °C); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.68 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 2.80 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H).
S-Methyl-S-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3d) [46]. Reaction of 4-chlorophenyl(methyl)sulfide 1d (32 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 52 mg (79%) of product 3d, isolated as a light yellow solid: mp 111–112 °C (lit. [46]; mp 112–113 °C); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.71 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.64 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.84 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H).
S-Methyl-S-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3e) [47]. Reaction of 3-chlorophenyl(methyl)sulfide 1e (32 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 53 mg (80%) of product 3e, isolated as a white solid: mp 137–138 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.68 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H).
S-Methyl-S-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3f) [48]. Reaction of 2-chlorophenyl(methyl)sulfide 1f (32 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 45 mg (68%) of product 3f, isolated as a white solid: mp 149–150 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.12 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.52–7.41 (m, 3H), 7.20 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.36 (s, 3H).
S-Methyl-S-(4-bromophenyl)-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3g) [49]. Reaction of 4-bromophenyl(methyl)sulfide 1g (41 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 52 mg (70%) of product 3g, isolated as a white solid: mp 110–111 °C; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.70 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.16 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H).
S-Methyl- S-(4-cyanophenyl)-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3h). Reaction of 4-cyanophenyl(methyl)sulfide 1h (30 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 55 mg (86%) of product 3h, isolated as a light brown solid: mp 159–160 °C; IR (neat) cm−1: 3096, 3035, 2929, 2856, 2234, 1400, 1144, 758; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.83 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.74 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.35 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ 142.3, 141.6, 140.7, 133.5, 129.4, 126.6, 126.2, 117.1, 116.1, 38.8, 21.4; HRMS (ESI-TOF-positive mode): calcd for C15H14N2NaO2S2 ([M + Na])+: 341.0394, found: 341.0382.
S-Methyl-S-(4-nitrophenyl)-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3i) [50]. Reaction of 4-nitrophenyl(methyl)sulfide 1i (34 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 40 mg (59%) of product 3i, isolated as a yellow solid: mp 161–163 °C (lit. [50]; mp 150 °C); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.33 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.93 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.74 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 2.37 (s, 3H).
S,S-Diphenyl-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3j) [29]. Reaction of diphenylsulfide 1j (37 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 40 mg (56%) of product 3j, isolated as a white solid: mp 108–109 °C (lit. [29]; mp 109.0–109.5 °C); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.74 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.64–7.59 (m, 4H), 7.52–7.41 (m, 6H), 7.14 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H).
S-Phenyl-S-benzyl-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3k) [29]. Reaction of benzyl(phenyl)sulfide 1k (20 mg, 0.1 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 24 mg (65%) of product 3k, isolated as a white solid: mp 149–150 °C (lit. [29]; mp 147–148 °C); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.62 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.55–7.48 (m, 3H), 7.45–7.38 (m, 2H), 7.31–7.25 (m, 1H), 7.18 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 4.34 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H).
S,S-Dibenzyl-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3l) [51]. Reaction of dibenzylsulfide 1l (43 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 51 mg (66%) of product 3l, isolated as a white solid: mp 187–189 °C (lit. [51]; mp 191–193 °C); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.43 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.36–7.26 (m, 6H), 7.22 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 4H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (d, J = 13.0 Hz, 2H), 4.06 (d, J = 13.0 Hz, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H).
S,S-Dibutyl-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3m) [49]. Reaction of dibutylsulfide 1m (29 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 52 mg (79%) of product 3m, isolated as a white solid: mp 64–65 °C (lit. [49]; mp 77.5–78.5 °C); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.77 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.23 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.88-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.77–2.68 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 1.59–1.46 (m, 4H), 1.36–1.22 (m, 4H), 0.82 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H).
S,S-Dioctyl-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3n). Reaction of dioctylsulfide 1n (52 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 77 mg (90%) of product 3n, isolated as a white solid: mp 82 °C; IR (neat) cm−1: 2918, 2858, 1384, 1139, 716; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.79 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 2.89–2.80 (m, 2H), 2.73–2.64 (m, 2H), 2.39 (s, 3H), 1.64–1.58 (m, 4H), 1.34–1.12 (m, 20H), 0.88 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ 141.6, 141.5, 129.1, 126.3, 49.0, 31.7, 28.9, 28.9, 28.3, 22.8, 22.6, 14.1; HRMS (ESI-TOF-positive mode): calcd for C23H42NO2S2 ([M + H])+: 428.2657, found: 428.2665.
S-(p-Tosylimino)thietane (3o) [52]. Reaction of thietane 1o (15 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 47 mg (97%) of product 3o, isolated as a white solid: mp 103–104 °C (lit. [52]; mp 98 °C); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.76 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.26–4.08 (m, 2H), 3.70–3.57 (m, 2H), 2.62–2.16 (m, 5H).
S-(N-p-Tosylimino)thiolane (3p) [53]. Reaction of tetrahydrothiophene 1p (18 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 45 mg (76%) of product 3p, isolated as a white solid: mp 131–133 °C (lit. [53]; mp 132–134 °C); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.79 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 3.19–3.00 (m, 4H), 2.58–2.42 (m, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H), 2.11–1.93 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ 143.6, 139.1, 129.5, 126.5, 54.5, 25.6, 21.5.
S,S-Di-tert-butyl-N-p-tosyl-sulfilimine (3q) [54]. Reaction of di-tert-butylsulfide 1q (29 mg, 0.20 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 5 mg (8%) of product 3q, isolated as a colorless oil; 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.86 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 18H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ 144.5, 129.8, 129.5, 128.8, 49.6, 30.6, 21.7.
S-Methyl-S-phenyl-N-p-nosyl-sulfilimine (3r) [55]. Reaction of thioanisole 1a (25 mg, 0.20 mmol) with imino-λ3-iodane 2b (97 mg, 0.24 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 61 mg (92%) of product 3r, isolated as a white solid: mp 167 °C (lit. [55]; mp 164–165 °C); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.20 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 8.00 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.62-7.46 (m, 3H), 2.93 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ 149.8, 149.2, 135.1, 133.1, 130.3, 127.4, 125.9, 124.0, 39.2.
S-Methyl-S-phenyl-N-o-nosyl-sulfilimine (3s). Reaction of thioanisole 1a (25 mg, 0.20 mmol) with imino-λ3-iodane 2c (97mg, 0.24 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 33 mg (51%) of product 3s, isolated as a colorless oil; IR (neat) cm−1: 3096, 3065, 3023, 2926, 1540, 1370, 1305, 1149, 1124, 852, 766; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.16 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.66–7.49 (m, 6H), 2.95 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ 147.5, 137.1, 136.2, 132.6, 132.2, 131.8, 130.3, 130.1, 125.8, 123.7, 39.1; HRMS (ESI-TOF-positive mode): calcd for C13H13N2O4S2 ([M + H])+: 325.0317, found: 325.0319.
S-Methyl-S-phenyl-N-phenylsulfonyl-sulfilimine (3t) [56]. Reaction of thioanisole 1a (25 mg, 0.20 mmol) with imino-λ3-iodane 2d (86 mg, 0.24 mmol) according to the general procedure afforded 38 mg (67%) of product 3t, isolated as a white solid: mp 89–90 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.85 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.57-7.32 (m, 6H), 2.85 (s, 3H).

4.3. Large Scale Reaction of 1a

Imino-λ3-iodane 2a (448 mg, 1.20 mmol) was added at room temperature to a stirred mixture of thioanisole 1a (124 mg, 1.00 mmol) and I2 (5 mg, 0.02 mmol) in dichloromethane (10.0 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. After reaction, 5% aqueous Na2S2O3 (25 mL) was added to the mixture and the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was separated by column chromatography using the Hexane-EtOAc (1:1) to afford the pure product 3a in 76% (223 mg).

4.4. Reaction of Triphenylphosphine 4

Imino-λ3-iodane 2a (90 mg, 0.24 mmol) was added at room temperature to a stirred mixture of triphenylphosphine 4 (52 mg, 0.20 mmol) and I2 (1 mg, 0.004 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.0 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. After reaction, 5% aqueous Na2S2O3 (2.5 mL) was added to the mixture and the solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was separated by preparative TLC using the Hexane-EtOAc (1:1) to afford the pure product 5 in 98% (84 mg).
N-(p-Tosyl)iminotriphenylphosphorane (5) [39]. Isolated as a white solid: mp 190 °C (lit. [39]; mp 185.5–186.2 °C); 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3): δ 7.44 (dd, J = 12.3 Hz, 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.57 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 3H), 7.50 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (dt, J = 7.8 Hz, 3.0 Hz, 6H), 7.00 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.23 (s, 3H).
Single crystals of product 5 suitable for X-ray crystallographic analysis were obtained by slow crystallization from dichloromethane solution. X-ray diffraction data for 5 was identical to the previously reported compound [37].

5. Conclusions

In conclusion, we have developed the metal-free methodology of the sulfonyl group transfer reaction of sulfides 1 or triphenylphosphine 4 using imino-λ3-iodanes 2 in the presence of a catalytic amount of I2. The novel procedure gives the corresponding (N-sulfonyl)-sulfilimines 3 or (N-tosylimino)-triphenylphosphorane 5 in moderate to good yields. According to the blank experiment study, the reaction mechanism most likely involved the amidyl radical species, which are generated from imino-λ3-iodanes 2 and I2.

Supplementary Materials

The following are available online. The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of 3a–t, 5, and X-ray structure data of 5 can be found in the SI.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, A.Y.; Methodology, A.Y. and C.L.M.; Investigation, C.L.M.; Resources, C.L.M., P.S.P. and M.S.Y.; Data Analysis, C.L.M., M.E.J., M.T.S. and P.S.P.; Data Discussion, A.Y., C.L.M., G.T.R. and A.S.; X-Ray Analysis, G.T.R.; Writing—Original Draft Preparation, A.Y.; Writing—Review and Editing, A.Y., C.L.M., G.T.R., A.S. and V.V.Z.; Supervision, A.Y.; Project administration, A.Y.; Funding acquisition, A.Y., M.S.Y. and A.S.

Funding

This work was supported by a research grant from the Russian Science Foundation (RSF-16-13-10081 and RSF-19-13-00011) and the Tomsk Polytechnic University Competitiveness Enhancement Program. A.S. is also thankful to JSPS Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Grant No 16KK0199).

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

  1. Aggarwal, V.K.; Winn, C.L. Catalytic, Asymmetric Sulfur Ylide-Mediated Epoxidation of Carbonyl Compounds: Scope, Selectivity, and Applications in Synthesis. Acc. Chem. Res. 2004, 37, 611–620. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  2. Aggarwal, V.K. Catalytic asymmetric epoxidation and aziridination mediated by sulfur ylides. Evolution of a project. Synlett 1998, 329–336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  3. Lu, L.-Q.; Li, T.-R.; Wang, Q.; Xiao, W.-J. Beyond sulfide-centric catalysis: Recent advances in the catalytic cyclization reactions of sulfur ylides. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017, 46, 4135–4149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  4. Sun, X.-L.; Tang, Y. Ylide-Initiated Michael Addition-Cyclization Reactions beyond Cyclopropanes. Acc. Chem. Res. 2008, 41, 937–948. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  5. Aggarwal, V.; Richardson, J. Product class 1: Sulfur ylides. Sci. Synth. 2004, 27, 21–104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  6. Bizet, V.; Hendriks, C.M.M.; Bolm, C. Sulfur imidations: Access to sulfimides and sulfoximines. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44, 3378–3390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  7. Gilchrist, T.L.; Moody, C.J. The chemistry of sulfilimines. Chem. Rev. 1977, 77, 409–435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  8. Taylor, P.C. Sulfimides (sulfilimines): Applications in stereoselective synthesis. Sulfur Rep. 1999, 21, 241–280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  9. Yoshimura, T.; Akasaka, T.; Furukawa, N.; Oae, S. Free sulfilimines. 9. One step synthesis of optically active aziridine with optically active o-methoxyphenyl phenyl sulfilimine and olefin. Heterocycles 1977, 7, 287–291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  10. Baird, C.P.; Taylor, P.C. Asymmetric synthesis of epoxides using chiral sulfimides. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 1995, 893–894. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  11. Thakur, V.V.; Kumar, N.S.C.R.; Sudalai, A. Sulfilimine palladacycles: Stable and efficient catalysts for carbon-carbon coupling reactions. Tetrahedron Lett. 2004, 45, 2915–2918. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  12. Johnson, C.R. Utilization of sulfoximines and derivatives as reagents for organic synthesis. Acc. Chem. Res. 1973, 6, 341–347. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  13. Lüecking, U. Sulfoximines: A Neglected Opportunity in Medicinal Chemistry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 9399–9408. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  14. Pyne, S.G. Applications of chiral sulfoximines to diastereoselective and catalytic asymmetric synthesis. Sulfur Rep. 1999, 21, 281–334. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  15. Reggelin, M.; Zur, C. Sulfoximines. Structures, properties, and synthetic applications. Synthesis 2000, 1–64. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  16. Garcia Mancheno, O.; Bolm, C. Synthesis of N-(1H)-Tetrazole Sulfoximines. Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 2951–2954. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  17. Garcia Mancheno, O.; Bistri, O.; Bolm, C. Iodinane- and Metal-Free Synthesis of N-Cyano Sulfilimines: Novel and Easy Access of NH-Sulfoximines. Org. Lett. 2007, 9, 3809–3811. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  18. Ma, W.B.; Li, S.N.; Zhou, Z.H.; Shen, H.S.; Li, X.; Sun, Q.; He, L.; Xue, Y. Sulfur–Nitrogen and Carbon–Nitrogen Bond Formation by Intermolecular Imination and Amidation without Catalyst. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2012, 1554–1562. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  19. Ochiai, M.; Naito, M.; Miyamoto, K.; Hayashi, S.; Nakanishi, W. Imination of Sulfides and Sulfoxides with Sulfonylimino-λ3-Bromane under Mild, Metal-Free Conditions. Chem. Eur. J. 2010, 16, 8713–8718. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  20. Yoshimura, A.; Zhdankin, V.V. Advances in Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine Compounds. Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 3328–3435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  21. Yoshimura, A.; Saito, A.; Zhdankin, V.V. Iodonium Salts as Benzyne Precursors. Chem. Eur. J. 2018, 24, 15156–15166. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  22. Dohi, T.; Kita, Y. Metal-Free Oxidative Biaryl Coupling by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Curr. Org. Chem. 2016, 20, 580–615. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  23. Wirth, T. Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry. In Topics in Current Chemistry; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2016; Volume 373, pp. 1–310. ISBN 978-3-319-33733-3. [Google Scholar]
  24. Zhdankin, V.V. Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry: Preparation, Structure and Synthetic Application of Polyvalent Iodine Compounds. In Hypervalent Iodine Chemistry: Preparation, Structure and Synthetic Application of Polyvalent Iodine Compounds; John Wiley & Sons Ltd.: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2014; ISBN 9781118341155. [Google Scholar]
  25. Dauban, P.; Dodd, R.H. Iminoiodanes and C-N bond formation in organic synthesis. Synlett 2003, 1571–1586. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  26. Karila, D.; Dodd, R.H. Recent progress in iminoiodane-mediated aziridination of olefins. Curr. Org. Chem. 2011, 15, 1507–1538. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  27. Chang, J.W.W.; Ton, T.M.U.; Chan, P.W.H. Transition-metal-catalyzed aminations and aziridinations of C-H and C-C bonds with iminoiodinanes. Chem. Rec. 2011, 11, 331–357. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  28. Takada, H.; Nishibayashi, Y.; Ohe, K.; Uemura, S. Novel asymmetric catalytic synthesis of sulfimides. Chem. Commun. (Cambridge) 1996, 931–932. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  29. Takada, H.; Nishibayashi, Y.; Ohe, K.; Uemura, S.; Baird, C.P.; Sparey, T.J.; Taylor, P.C. Catalytic Asymmetric Sulfimidation. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 6512–6518. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  30. Nishikori, H.; Ohta, C.; Oberlin, E.; Irie, R.; Katsuki, T. Mn-salen catalyzed nitrene transfer reaction: Enantioselective imidation of alkyl aryl sulfides. Tetrahedron 1999, 55, 13937–13946. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  31. Miyake, Y.; Takada, H.; Ohe, K.; Uemura, S. Catalytic asymmetric sulfimidation of 1,3-dithianes. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 1 1998, 2373–2376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  32. Kantam, M.L.; Kavita, B.; Neeraja, V.; Haritha, Y.; Chaudhuri, M.K.; Dehury, S.K. Heterogeneous catalytic sulfimidation using immobilized Cu(acac)2. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2005, 347, 641–645. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  33. Wang, J.; Frings, M.; Bolm, C. Enantioselective Nitrene Transfer to Sulfides Catalyzed by a Chiral Iron Complex. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 8661–8665. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  34. Lamar, A.A.; Nicholas, K.M. Iodine-Catalyzed Aminosulfonation of Hydrocarbons by Imidoiodinanes. a Synthetic and Mechanistic Investigation. J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 7644–7650. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  35. Hopkins, M.D.; Scott, K.A.; DeMier, B.C.; Morgan, H.R.; Macgruder, J.A.; Lamar, A.A. Formation of N-sulfonyl imines from iminoiodinanes by iodine-promoted, N-centered radical sulfonamidation of aldehydes. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2017, 15, 9209–9216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  36. Kiyokawa, K.; Kosaka, T.; Minakata, S. Metal-Free Aziridination of Styrene Derivatives with Iminoiodinane Catalyzed by a Combination of Iodine and Ammonium Iodide. Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 4858–4861. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  37. Cameron, A.F.; Hair, N.J.; Morris, D.G. Structural investigations of ylides. IV. Crystal and molecular structure of N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)iminotriphenylphosphorane. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B 1974, 30, 221–225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  38. Yamada, Y.; Yamamoto, T.; Okawara, M. Synthesis and reaction of new type iodine-nitrogen ylide, N-tosyliminoiodinane. Chem. Lett. 1975, 361–362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  39. Yoshimura, A.; Nemykin, V.N.; Zhdankin, V.V. o-Alkoxyphenyliminoiodanes: Highly Efficient Reagents for the Catalytic Aziridination of Alkenes and the Metal-Free Amination of Organic Substrates. Chem. Eur. J. 2011, 17, 10538–10541. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  40. Brueckner, A.C.; Hancock, E.N.; Anders, E.J.; Tierney, M.M.; Morgan, H.R.; Scott, K.A.; Lamar, A.A. Visible-light-mediated, nitrogen-centered radical amination of tertiary alkyl halides under metal-free conditions to form α-tertiary amines. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2016, 14, 4387–4392. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  41. Yoshimura, A.; Luedtke, M.W.; Zhdankin, V.V. (Tosylimino)phenyl-λ3-iodane as a Reagent for the Synthesis of Methyl Carbamates via Hofmann Rearrangement of Aromatic and Aliphatic Carboxamides. J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 2087–2091. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  42. Nakanishi, M.; Minard, C.; Retailleau, P.; Cariou, K.; Dodd, R.H. Copper(I) Catalyzed Regioselective Asymmetric Alkoxyamination of Aryl Enamide Derivatives. Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 5792–5795. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  43. Besenyei, G.; Nemeth, S.; Simandi, L.I. A new method for the preparation of (arylsulfonyliminoiodo)benzenes. Tetrahedron Lett. 1993, 34, 6105–6106. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  44. Combee, L.A.; Raya, B.; Wang, D.; Hilinski, M.K. Organocatalytic nitrenoid transfer: Metal-free selective intermolecular C(sp3)-H amination catalyzed by an iminium salt. Chem. Sci. 2018, 9, 935–939. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  45. Hong, S.; Sutherlin, K.D.; Vardhaman, A.K.; Yan, J.J.; Park, S.; Lee, Y.-M.; Jang, S.; Lu, X.; Ohta, T.; Ogura, T.; et al. A Mononuclear Nonheme Iron(V)-Imido Complex. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 8800–8803. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
  46. Morita, H.; Tatami, A.; Maeda, T.; Ju Kim, B.; Kawashima, W.; Yoshimura, T.; Abe, H.; Akasaka, T. Generation of Nitrene by the Photolysis of N-Substituted Iminodibenzothiophene. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 7159–7163. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  47. Kapovits, I.; Ruff, F.; Kucsman, A. Basicity of sulfur(IV)-nitrogen(sp2)-sulfur(VI) group in N-sulfonyl sulfilimines. Tetrahedron 1972, 28, 4413–4417. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  48. Aida, T.; Furukawa, N.; Oae, S. Mechanism of the reaction of N-arylsulfonylsulfimides with trivalent phosphorus compounds. J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2 1976, 1438–1444. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  49. Giribabu, L.; Singh, S.P.; Patil, N.M.; Kantam, M.L.; Gupte, S.P.; Chaudhari, R.V. Highly Efficient Sulfimidation of 1,3-Dithianes by Cu(I) Complexes. Synth. Commun. 2008, 38, 619–625. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  50. Marzinzik, A.L.; Sharpless, K.B. A simple method for the preparation of N-sulfonylsulfilimines from sulfides. J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 594–596. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  51. Ou, W.; Chen, Z.-C. Hypervalent iodine in synthesis XXXII: A novel way for the synthesis of N-sulfonylsulfilimines from sulfides and sulfonamides using iodosobenzene diacetate. Synth. Commun. 1999, 29, 4443–4449. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  52. Ruff, F.; Komoto, K.; Furukawa, N.; Oae, S. Steric effects in the reaction of alkylphenyl and dialkylsulfides with chloramine-T. Tetrahedron 1976, 32, 2763–2767. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  53. Yamamoto, T.; Yoshida, D.; Hojyo, J.; Terauchi, H. Preparation of tetraalkylammonium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamides and their application to imination of phosphorus compounds and sulfides. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1984, 57, 3341–3342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  54. Hopper, R.J. N-Sulfonyl-sulfilimines as premature vulcanization inhibitors. Rubber Chem. Technol. 1980, 53, 1106–1116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  55. Okamura, H.; Bolm, C. Rhodium-Catalyzed Imination of Sulfoxides and Sulfides: Efficient Preparation of N-Unsubstituted Sulfoximines and Sulfilimines. Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 1305–1307. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  56. Akutagawa, K.; Furukawa, N.; Oae, S. Preparation of N-(arylsulfonyl)sulfoximines by oxidation of N-(arylsulfonyl)sulfilimines with sodium hypochlorite in a two-phase system. J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 2282–2284. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds 2a and 3a are available from the authors.
Molecules 24 00979 sch001 550
Scheme 1. Transfer reaction of sulfonylimino groups from imino-λ3-iodane to sulfide atom. (a) Metal-catalyzed imidation reaction of sulfides, (b) Metal-free imidation reaction of sulfides.
Scheme 1. Transfer reaction of sulfonylimino groups from imino-λ3-iodane to sulfide atom. (a) Metal-catalyzed imidation reaction of sulfides, (b) Metal-free imidation reaction of sulfides.
Molecules 24 00979 sch001
Molecules 24 00979 sch002 550
Scheme 2. Transfer reaction of N-tosyl sulfonylimino groups to triphenylphosphine 4.
Scheme 2. Transfer reaction of N-tosyl sulfonylimino groups to triphenylphosphine 4.
Molecules 24 00979 sch002
Molecules 24 00979 sch003 550
Scheme 3. Blank experiments of imination reaction.
Scheme 3. Blank experiments of imination reaction.
Molecules 24 00979 sch003
Molecules 24 00979 sch004 550
Scheme 4. Proposed reaction mechanism.
Scheme 4. Proposed reaction mechanism.
Molecules 24 00979 sch004
Table
Table 1. Optimization of imination reaction of thioanisole 1a using (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane 2a 1.
Table 1. Optimization of imination reaction of thioanisole 1a using (N-tosylimino)-phenyl-λ3-iodane 2a 1.
Molecules 24 00979 i001
EntryTime (h)SolventI2 (mol%)TBAI (mol%)3a Yield (%) 2
13MeCN201081 (80)
23Hexane201015
33AcOEt201049
43MeOH201077
53THF20104
63Et2O2010Trace
73PhH201047
83CCl420107
93CH2Cl2201083 (83)
103CH2Cl220none84
113CH2Cl2none107
123CH2Cl2nonenone5
133CH2Cl210none72
1424CH2Cl210none87
1524CH2Cl25none91
1624CH2Cl22none92 (88)
1724CH2Cl21none68
1848CH2Cl21none66
19 324CH2Cl22none77
1 Reaction conditions: thioanisole 1a (0.20 mmol, 1 equiv.), iminoiodane 2a (0.24 mmol, 1.2 equiv.), and I2 (0–20 mol%) with TBAI (0–10 mol%) stirred in a solvent (2 mL) at room temperature for 3–48 h. 2 Yields of product 3a determined from 1H NMR spectra of reaction mixtures are shown (numbers in parentheses show isolated yield of 3a). 3 The reaction was performed under dark conditions.
Table
Table 2. Metal-free imination reaction of thioanisoles 1 with imino-λ3-iodane 2 in the presence of I2 1.
Table 2. Metal-free imination reaction of thioanisoles 1 with imino-λ3-iodane 2 in the presence of I2 1.
Molecules 24 00979 i002
Entry1 R1, R22 R33 Yield(%) 2
11a Ph, Me2ap-Tol3a 88% (76%) 3
21bp-tol, Me2ap-Tol3b 72%
31cp-MeOC6H4, Me2ap-Tol3c 78%
41dp-ClC6H4, Me2ap-Tol3d 79%
51em-ClC6H4, Me2ap-Tol3e 80%
61fo-ClC6H4, Me2ap-Tol3f 68%
71gp-BrC6H4, Me2ap-Tol3g 70%
81hp-NCC6H4, Me2ap-Tol3h 86%
91ip-NO2C6H4, Me2ap-Tol3i 59%
101j Ph, Ph2ap-Tol3j 56%
111k Ph, Bn2ap-Tol3k 65%
121l Bn, Bn2ap-Tol3l 66%
131mnBu, nBu2ap-Tol3m 79%
141nnOctyl, nOctyl2ap-Tol3n 90%
151o –(CH2)3–2ap-Tol3o 97%
161p –(CH2)4–2ap-Tol3p 76%
171qtBu, tBu2ap-Tol3q 8%
181a Ph, Me2bp-NO2C6H43r 92%
191a Ph, Me2co-NO2C6H43s 51%
201a Ph, Me2d Ph3t 67%
1 All reactions were performed using sulfide 1 (0.20 mmol, 1 equiv.) and imino-λ3-iodane 2 (0.24 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) using I2 (2 mol%) in dichloromethane (2.0 mL) at room temperature for 24 h. 2 Yields of isolated products. 3 Large scale experiment: thioanisole 1a (1.0 mmol, 1 equiv.) and imino-λ3-iodane 2 (1.2 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) using I2 (2 mol%) in the dichloromethane (10 mL) were stirred for 24 h at room temperature.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yoshimura, A.; Makitalo, C.L.; Jarvi, M.E.; Shea, M.T.; Postnikov, P.S.; Rohde, G.T.; Zhdankin, V.V.; Saito, A.; Yusubov, M.S. Sulfonylimino Group Transfer Reaction Using Imino-λ3-iodanes with I2 as Catalyst Under Metal-free Conditions. Molecules 2019, 24, 979. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24050979

AMA Style

Yoshimura A, Makitalo CL, Jarvi ME, Shea MT, Postnikov PS, Rohde GT, Zhdankin VV, Saito A, Yusubov MS. Sulfonylimino Group Transfer Reaction Using Imino-λ3-iodanes with I2 as Catalyst Under Metal-free Conditions. Molecules. 2019; 24(5):979. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24050979

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yoshimura, Akira, Cody L. Makitalo, Melissa E. Jarvi, Michael T. Shea, Pavel S. Postnikov, Gregory T. Rohde, Viktor V. Zhdankin, Akio Saito, and Mekhman S. Yusubov. 2019. "Sulfonylimino Group Transfer Reaction Using Imino-λ3-iodanes with I2 as Catalyst Under Metal-free Conditions" Molecules 24, no. 5: 979. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules24050979

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop