Bacillus sp. FPF-1 Produced Keratinase with High Potential for Chicken Feather Degradation
1
SA-MRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 Eastern Cape, South Africa
2
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700 Eastern Cape, South Africa
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2020, 25(7), 1505; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25071505
Received: 3 February 2020 / Revised: 18 February 2020 / Accepted: 27 February 2020 / Published: 26 March 2020
Chicken feathers are predominantly composed of keratin; hence, valorizing the wastes becomes an imperative. In view of this, we isolated keratinase-producing bacteria and identified them through the 16S rDNA sequence. The process condition for keratinase activity was optimized, and electron micrography of the degradation timelines was determined. Keratinolytic bacteria were isolated and identified as Bacillus sp. FPF-1, Chryseobacterium sp. FPF-8, Brevibacillus sp. Nnolim-K2, Brevibacillus sp. FPF-12 and Brevibacillus sp. FSS-1; and their respective nucleotide sequences were deposited in GenBank, with the accession numbers MG214993, MG214994, MG214995, MG214996 and MG214999. The degree of feather degradation and keratinase concentration among the isolates ranged from 62.5 ± 2.12 to 86.0 ± 1.41(%) and 214.55 ± 5.14 to 440.01 ± 20.57 (U/mL), respectively. In the same vein, 0.1% (w/v) xylose, 0.5% (w/v) chicken feather, an initial fermentation pH of 5.0, fermentation temperature of 25 °C and an agitation speed of 150 rpm, respectively, served as the optimal physicochemical conditions for keratinase activity by Bacillus sp. FPF-1. The time course showed that Bacillus sp. FPF-1 yielded a keratinase concentration of 1698.18 ± 53.99(U/mL) at 120 h. The electron microscopic imaging showed completely structural dismemberment of intact chicken feather. Bacillus sp. FPF-1 holds great potential in the valorization of recalcitrant keratinous biomass from the agro sector into useful products.
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Keywords:
biodegradation; chicken feathers; keratinase; valorization
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MDPI and ACS Style
Nnolim, N.E.; Okoh, A.I.; Nwodo, U.U. Bacillus sp. FPF-1 Produced Keratinase with High Potential for Chicken Feather Degradation. Molecules 2020, 25, 1505. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25071505
AMA Style
Nnolim NE, Okoh AI, Nwodo UU. Bacillus sp. FPF-1 Produced Keratinase with High Potential for Chicken Feather Degradation. Molecules. 2020; 25(7):1505. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25071505
Chicago/Turabian StyleNnolim, Nonso E.; Okoh, Anthony I.; Nwodo, Uchechukwu U. 2020. "Bacillus sp. FPF-1 Produced Keratinase with High Potential for Chicken Feather Degradation" Molecules 25, no. 7: 1505. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/molecules25071505
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