Promising Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy: TLRs, RLRs, and STING-Mediated Innate Immune Pathways
School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China
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Academic Editor: William Chi-shing Cho
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18(2), 404; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms18020404
Received: 23 December 2016 / Revised: 7 February 2017 / Accepted: 7 February 2017 / Published: 14 February 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting Immune Checkpoints and Immunotherapy)
Malignant cancers employ diverse and intricate immune evasion strategies, which lead to inadequately effective responses of many clinical cancer therapies. However, emerging data suggest that activation of the tolerant innate immune system in cancer patients is able, at least partially, to counteract tumor-induced immunosuppression, which indicates triggering of the innate immune response as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy may result in improved therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients. The promising innate immune targets include Toll-like Receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like Receptors (RLRs), and Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). This review discusses the antitumor properties of TLRs, RLRs, and STING-mediated innate immune pathways, as well as the promising innate immune targets for potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
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Keywords:
cancer immunotherapy; innate immunity; Toll-like Receptors; RIG-I-like Receptors; Stimulator of Interferon Genes
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Li, K.; Qu, S.; Chen, X.; Wu, Q.; Shi, M. Promising Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy: TLRs, RLRs, and STING-Mediated Innate Immune Pathways. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 404. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms18020404
AMA Style
Li K, Qu S, Chen X, Wu Q, Shi M. Promising Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy: TLRs, RLRs, and STING-Mediated Innate Immune Pathways. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(2):404. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms18020404
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Kai; Qu, Shuai; Chen, Xi; Wu, Qiong; Shi, Ming. 2017. "Promising Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy: TLRs, RLRs, and STING-Mediated Innate Immune Pathways" Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18, no. 2: 404. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms18020404
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