Oncofertility: Pharmacological Protection and Immature Testicular Tissue (ITT)-Based Strategies for Prepubertal and Adolescent Male Cancer Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction: The Quest for Fertility Preservation and Restoration
2. Testicular Development and Function
3. Cancer Treatment and Fertility Impairment
4. Strategy Based on Cryopreservation of Sperm
5. Experimental Strategies Based on Pharmacological Protection of the Testis
5.1. Hormonal Protection (GnRHa)
5.2. Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF)
5.3. Antioxidant Treatment
5.4. Future Approaches
5.4.1. MicroRNAs as Fertility Preservation Tools
5.4.2. Predictive Biomarkers of Chemotherapy-Induced Infertility
6. Experimental Strategies Based on Cryopreserved Immature Testicular Tissue
6.1. In Vitro Approaches
6.2. In Vivo Approaches
6.2.1. Spermatogonial Stem Cell Transplantation
6.2.2. Testicular Tissue Transplantation
6.2.3. Clinical Challenges and Concerns on ITT Transplantation
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AMH | anti-Müllerian hormone |
AR | androgen receptor |
FSH | follicle stimulating hormone |
G-CSF | granulocyte colony-stimulating factor |
GnRH | gonadotrophin-releasing hormone |
GnRHa | gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist |
ICSI | intracytoplasmic sperm injection |
ITT | immature testicular tissue |
LH | luteinizing hormone |
MAGE | melanoma-associated antigen |
miRNA | microRNA |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
SSC | spermatogonial stem cell |
TTGFb1 | testosteronetransforming growth factor b1 |
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miRNAs in Male Germline Apoptosis Regulation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
miRNA | Targeted Genes | Function | Species | Reference |
miR-16 | Ccnd1 | Apoptosis induction | pig | [76] |
miR-17-92 | c-MYC, E2F1 | Downregulation leads to testicular atrophy, apoptosis induction and germ cell free seminiferous tubules | mouse | [77,78] |
miR-29 | Dnmt, Mcl-1 | Extensive germ cells apoptosis | rat | [79] |
miR-122 | Unknown | Inhibition minimizes ochratoxin-A-toxicity | spermatocyte-like cell line | [80] |
miR-144 | FASL, CAS3, TP53, BCL2L1 | Regulates apoptosis-related genes, apoptosis induction | sheep | [81] |
miR-449, miR-34b/c | E2F-pRb pathway | Acts redundantly to suppress E2F-pRb pathway during the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis | mouse | [82] |
miR-34 | Genes involved in cell cycle, apoptosis and growth factor signaling | Regulates cell cycle spermatogenesis progression and sperm senescence | pig | [76] |
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Ntemou, E.; Alexandri, C.; Lybaert, P.; Goossens, E.; Demeestere, I. Oncofertility: Pharmacological Protection and Immature Testicular Tissue (ITT)-Based Strategies for Prepubertal and Adolescent Male Cancer Patients. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5223. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms20205223
Ntemou E, Alexandri C, Lybaert P, Goossens E, Demeestere I. Oncofertility: Pharmacological Protection and Immature Testicular Tissue (ITT)-Based Strategies for Prepubertal and Adolescent Male Cancer Patients. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):5223. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms20205223
Chicago/Turabian StyleNtemou, Elissavet, Chrysanthi Alexandri, Pascale Lybaert, Ellen Goossens, and Isabelle Demeestere. 2019. "Oncofertility: Pharmacological Protection and Immature Testicular Tissue (ITT)-Based Strategies for Prepubertal and Adolescent Male Cancer Patients" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 5223. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms20205223