Recent Advances of m6A Demethylases Inhibitors and Their Biological Functions in Human Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Structures of Fat-Mass- and Obesity-Associated Protein (FTO) and alkB Homolog 5 (ALKBH5)
2.1. Structures and Functions of FTO
2.2. Structures and Functions of ALKBH5
2.3. Structural Comparisons of FTO and ALKBH5
3. FTO and ALKBH5 in Human Diseases
3.1. FTO Is Involved in Regulating Various Diseases
3.1.1. FTO in Adipogenesis and Metabolism-Related Diseases
3.1.2. FTO in Heart Failure
3.1.3. FTO in Leukemia
3.1.4. FTO in Glioblastoma
3.1.5. FTO in Breast Cancer
3.1.6. FTO in Melanoma
3.1.7. FTO in Endometrial Cancer
3.1.8. FTO in Gastric Cancer
3.1.9. FTO in Bladder Cancer
3.1.10. FTO in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC)
3.1.11. FTO in Multiple Myeloma (MM)
3.2. ALKBH5 Participates in the Biological Processes of Various Diseases
3.2.1. ALKBH5 in Breast Cancer
3.2.2. ALKBH5 in Glioblastoma
3.2.3. ALKBH5 in AML
3.2.4. ALKBH5 in Ischemic Heart Disease
3.2.5. ALKBH5 in Lung Cancer
3.2.6. ALKBH5 in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
3.2.7. ALKBH5 Serves as Pancreatic Cancer (PC) Suppressor
3.2.8. ALKBH5 Suppresses Malignancy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
3.2.9. ALKBH5 in Osteogenesis and Osteosarcoma
3.2.10. ALKBH5 in Other Diseases
3.3. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) Demethylases Play an Essential Role in Drug Therapy Responses
3.3.1. m6A Demethylases in Chemotherapy Resistance
3.3.2. ALKBH5 in Cancer Immunity
4. Inhibitors
4.1. Strategies Used for Developing m6A Demethylases Inhibitors
4.2. FTO Inhibitors
4.2.1. Metal-Chelating Inhibitors
4.2.2. Substrate Competitive Inhibitors
4.2.3. FTO Inhibitors with Other Scaffolds
4.3. ALKBH5 Inhibitors
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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You, Y.; Fu, Y.; Huang, M.; Shen, D.; Zhao, B.; Liu, H.; Zheng, Y.; Huang, L. Recent Advances of m6A Demethylases Inhibitors and Their Biological Functions in Human Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5815. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23105815
You Y, Fu Y, Huang M, Shen D, Zhao B, Liu H, Zheng Y, Huang L. Recent Advances of m6A Demethylases Inhibitors and Their Biological Functions in Human Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(10):5815. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23105815
Chicago/Turabian StyleYou, Yazhen, Yundong Fu, Mingjie Huang, Dandan Shen, Bing Zhao, Hongmin Liu, Yichao Zheng, and Lihua Huang. 2022. "Recent Advances of m6A Demethylases Inhibitors and Their Biological Functions in Human Diseases" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10: 5815. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms23105815