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Short Note

N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanamide

1
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tzar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
2
Department of Natural-Mathematical and Business Sciences, University of Plovdiv, Branch Smolyan, 32 “Dicho Petrov” Str., 4700 Smolyan, Bulgaria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molbank 2020, 2020(4), M1171; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/M1171
Submission received: 22 October 2020 / Revised: 18 November 2020 / Accepted: 23 November 2020 / Published: 24 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Structure Determination)

Abstract

:
The titular compound was prepared by a reaction between tryptamine and carprofen, applying, as a “dehydrating” reagent, N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The newly synthesized compound was fully analyzed and characterized via 1H, 13C-NMR, UV, IR, and mass spectral data.

Graphical Abstract

1. Introduction

2-Arylpropanoic acids are an important class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) [1]. Used by veterinarians, carprofen is a non-narcotic NSAID applied to relieve the pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis and to control the post-operative pain associated with soft tissue and orthopedic surgeries in dogs, horses, and cattle [2]. Moreover, carprofen has a weak and competitive inhibitory effect on the activity of the prostaglandin synthetase enzyme complex. It inhibited the formation of prostaglandins E2 and F2 α and was found to be a weak inhibitor of the arachidonate lipoxygenase activity of human platelets [3]. Tryptamine 1 is also known for its vast array of biological activities [4]. A similar molecule was synthesized and studied earlier via UVA irradiation [5]. Due to the diverse pharmacological properties of tryptamine and the proven anti-inflammatory properties of carprofen, it is of great interest to create a molecule that combines the two molecules together and improves their properties. Because of the importance of amides for the pharmaceutical industry, a coupling between carprofen and tryptamine via amide bond formation was achieved in order to obtain N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanamide 3.

2. Results

Herein, we report the successfully synthesized N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanamide 3, as shown in Scheme 1.
A handy method for amide synthesis is the N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)-mediated coupling between carboxylic acids and amines. DCC is commonly used for the preparation of esters, amides, or anhydrides. It is available commercially as a white crystalline substance with a low melting point of 34–35 °C. DCC reacts with the carboxyl group of carprofen to produce an activated acylating agent that reacts with the amino group of the other molecule to form an amide bond.
The resultant compound is characterized by its melting point, 1H and 13C-NMR, UV, IR, and HRMS spectra.

3. Materials and Methods

All reagents and chemicals were purchased from commercial sources (Sigma-Aldrich S.A. and Riedel-de Haën, Sofia, Bulgaria) and used as received. Melting points were determined on a Boetius hot stage apparatus and are uncorrected. The NMR spectral data were recorded on a Bruker Avance II+600 spectrometer (BAS-IOCCP—Sofia, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA). 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra for compound 3 were taken in DMSO-d6 at 600 MHz and at 150.9 MHz, respectively. Chemical shifts are given in relative ppm and were referenced to tetramethylsilane (TMS) (δ = 0.00 ppm) as an internal standard; the coupling constants are indicated in Hz. The NMR spectra were recorded at room temperature (ac. 295 K). Mass analyses were carried out on a Q Exactive Plus mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). TLC was carried out on precoated 0.2 mm Fluka silica gel 60 plates (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), using diethyl ether/n-hexane = 1/1 as a chromatographic system.

Synthesis of N-(2-(1H-Indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanamide 3

N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1 mmol) was added to a solution of carprofen (1mmol) in CH2Cl2. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. After the addition of tryptamine (1 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred for 50 min and the formation of white crystalline dicyclohexylurea was observed and then separated by filtration over a sintered glass filter. The filtrate was washed with a diluted hydrochloric acid, a saturated solution of Na2CO3, and brine. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The compound was purified by filtration through short column chromatography (silica gel 60, 70–230 mesh, Merck; diethyl ether).
N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanamide (3): white solid (m.p. 186–189 °C), yield 96%, 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO) δ 11.01 (s, 1H), 10.44 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 7.95–7.92 (m, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.44–7.37 (m, 3H), 7.25 (dd, J = 13.3, 4.9 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (dd, J = 16.8, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.98–6.93 (m, 2H), 6.86 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.31–3.27 (m, 2H), 2.79–2.70 (m, 2H), 1.36 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H). 13C-NMR (151 MHz, DMSO) δ 173.86 (C=O), 141.62 (C, Ar), 141.26 (C, Ar), 138.99 (C, Ar), 136.91 (C, Ar), 127.86 (C, Ar), 125.32 (C, Ar), 124.37 (C, Ar), 123.42 (CH), 122.96 (C, Ar), 121.29 (C, Ar), 120.80 (C, Ar), 120.61 (C, Ar), 119.86 (C, Ar), 119.44 (C, Ar), 118.67 (C, Ar), 118.64 (C, Ar), 112.69 (C), 112.53 (C, Ar), 111.76 (C, Ar), 110.19 (C, Ar), 48.17 (CH), 46.39 (CH2), 33.78 (CH2), 24.85 (CH3). λmax, MeOH: 224 (ε = 35 000), 241 (ε = 30 000), 265 (ε = 15 000), 303 (ε = 13 000) nm. HRMS Electrospray ionization (ESI) m/z calcd for C25H23ClN3O+ = 416.1524, found 416.1526 (mass error Δm = −0.48 ppm). IR(KBr) νmax, cm−1: 506 ν, δ (C=C-Cl), 1106 (p-Cl-C=C Ar), 1233, 1266 δas ((-(C=O)-N(R)-H), 1657 ν (C=O), 3101, 3366 ν(-(C=O)-N(R)-H).
Copies of all spectra and ESI-HRMS (Figures S1–S5) are provided in the Supplementary Materials file.

Supplementary Materials

Figure S1: 1H-NMR spectrum of compound 3, Figure S2: 13C-NMR spectrum of compound 3, Figure S3: UV spectrum of compound 3, Figure S4: ESI-HRMS of compound 3, Figure S5: IR spectrum of compound 3.

Author Contributions

S.M., I.I. are responsible for the synthesis, writing, revising, NMR, IR analysis and final English check of the manuscript. D.B. is responsible for the UV and ESI-HRMS analysis. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by the National Science Fund of the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science, grant number KΠ 06 M29/1 and ΠΠ20-XΦ-003.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

  1. Melnikova, I. Future of COX2 inhibitors. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2005, 4, 453–454. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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  3. The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products, EMEA/MRL/042/95-FINAL/Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products/Carprofen. Available online: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/mrl-report/carprofen-summary-report-1-committee-veterinary-medicinal-products_en.pdf (accessed on 20 October 2020).
  4. Kousara, S.; Anjuma, S.; Jaleela, F.; Khana, J.; Naseema, S. Biomedical Significance of Tryptamine: A Review. J. Pharmacovigil. 2017, 5, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  5. Lhiaubet-Vallet, V.; Boscá, F.; Miranda, M. Stereodifferentiating drug-biomolecule interactions in the triplet excited state: Studies on supramolecular carprofen/protein systems and on carprofen-tryptophan model. J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111, 423–431. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Scheme 1. Synthesis of N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanamide 3.
Scheme 1. Synthesis of N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanamide 3.
Molbank 2020 m1171 sch001
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MDPI and ACS Style

Manolov, S.; Ivanov, I.; Bojilov, D. N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanamide. Molbank 2020, 2020, M1171. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/M1171

AMA Style

Manolov S, Ivanov I, Bojilov D. N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanamide. Molbank. 2020; 2020(4):M1171. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/M1171

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manolov, Stanimir, Iliyan Ivanov, and Dimitar Bojilov. 2020. "N-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)-2-(6-chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanamide" Molbank 2020, no. 4: M1171. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/M1171

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