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Article

Proteasomes and Proteasomal Gene Polymorphism in Association with Inflammation and Various Diseases

1
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
2
Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Latvia
3
Department of Pulmonology and Immunology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Submission received: 6 February 2013 / Accepted: 30 April 2013 / Published: 5 May 2013

Abstract

A proteasome, a multicatalytic protein complex, is a central particle of the ubiquitinproteasome proteolytic pathway in all eukaryotic cells. Through the degradation of most intracellular proteins, proteasomes play a significant role in cell processes, such as cell cycle and division, posttranslational protein quality control, cell signaling, and apoptosis. Therefore, the ubiquitinproteasome system is necessary to ensure the normal functioning of cells and an organism. The associations between alterations in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the development of various autoimmune, neurodegenerative, inflammatory and other diseases in humans have been established. Moreover, the findings of some studies suggest that proteasomes may participate in the pathogenesis of asthma through the regulation of the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Recently, much attention has been given to the associations between genes encoding the proteasome and their polymorphism, and various diseases. Associations between some proteasomal genes and myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and other diseases have already been established. However, the results are inconclusive or conflicting and need further clarification.
Keywords: proteasome; ubiquitin; proteasomal genes; inflammation proteasome; ubiquitin; proteasomal genes; inflammation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Žemeckienė, Ž.; Vitkauskienė, A.; Sjakste, T.; Šitkauskienė, B.; Sakalauskas, R. Proteasomes and Proteasomal Gene Polymorphism in Association with Inflammation and Various Diseases. Medicina 2013, 49, 33. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina49050033

AMA Style

Žemeckienė Ž, Vitkauskienė A, Sjakste T, Šitkauskienė B, Sakalauskas R. Proteasomes and Proteasomal Gene Polymorphism in Association with Inflammation and Various Diseases. Medicina. 2013; 49(5):33. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina49050033

Chicago/Turabian Style

Žemeckienė, Živilė, Astra Vitkauskienė, Tatjana Sjakste, Brigita Šitkauskienė, and Raimundas Sakalauskas. 2013. "Proteasomes and Proteasomal Gene Polymorphism in Association with Inflammation and Various Diseases" Medicina 49, no. 5: 33. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina49050033

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