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Medicina, Volume 57, Issue 2 (February 2021) – 108 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Uncertainty is inherent to rare diseases, especially multifactorial ones, mainly due to complex gene–environment interactions. Case studies (SARS-CoV-2-associated acute multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adolescents; neural tube defects; familial Mediterranean fever) highlight the added value of a systematic uncertainty analysis, pinpointing critical areas for research and healthcare. The rare disease community can use its strengths (stakeholder involvement, data sharing, open science) to successfully face this great challenge. View this paper
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10 pages, 334 KiB  
Review
Focused Review: Potential Rare and Atypical Symptoms as Indicator for Targeted COVID-19 Screening
by Swee Li Ng, Yong Sze Ong, Kooi Yeong Khaw, Siew Phooi Teh, Ching Siang Tan, Long Chiau Ming, Kok-Gan Chan, Learn-Han Lee and Bey-Hing Goh
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 189; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020189 - 23 Feb 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3644
Abstract
The global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 is a known consequence of infection of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has affected nations worldwide with soaring number of cases daily. Symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath, diarrhea, nausea and [...] Read more.
The global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 is a known consequence of infection of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has affected nations worldwide with soaring number of cases daily. Symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting are commonly presented in COVID-19 patients. This focused review aims to discuss these uncommon and atypical COVID-19 symptoms that may be presented which might affect neurological, cardiovascular, cutaneous and ocular systems and their possible mode of actions. Nonetheless, there are some cases of reported uncommon or atypical symptoms which may warrant healthcare professionals to be aware of, especially when in contact with patients. The knowledge and information concerning these symptoms might be able to provide additional cues for healthcare professional by subjecting patients to COVID-19 screening. Meanwhile, it might be able to further enhance the alertness and additional precautions being taken by healthcare personnel, which eventually lead to reduced risk of infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Disease)
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12 pages, 526 KiB  
Review
Perioperative Management of Chronic Antithrombotic Agents in Elective Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
by Daniel C. Santana, Matthew J. Hadad, Ahmed Emara, Alison K. Klika, Wael Barsoum, Robert M. Molloy, Viktor E. Krebs, Michael R. Bloomfield and Nicolas S. Piuzzi
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 188; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020188 - 23 Feb 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2784
Abstract
Total hip and knee arthroplasty are common major orthopedic operations being performed on an increasing number of patients. Many patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) are on chronic antithrombotic agents due to other medical conditions, such as atrial fibrillation or acute coronary syndrome. [...] Read more.
Total hip and knee arthroplasty are common major orthopedic operations being performed on an increasing number of patients. Many patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) are on chronic antithrombotic agents due to other medical conditions, such as atrial fibrillation or acute coronary syndrome. Given the risk of bleeding associated with TJAs, as well as the risk of thromboembolic events in the post-operative period, the management of chronic antithrombotic agents perioperatively is critical to achieving successful outcomes in arthroplasty. In this review, we provide a concise overview of society guidelines regarding the perioperative management of chronic antithrombotic agents in the setting of elective TJAs and summarize the recent literature that may inform future guidelines. Ultimately, antithrombotic regimen management should be patient-specific, in consultation with cardiology, internal medicine, hematology, and other physicians who play an essential role in perioperative care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thrombotic Disorders and Antithrombotic Treatments)
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10 pages, 298 KiB  
Review
A History of Fluid Management—From “One Size Fits All” to an Individualized Fluid Therapy in Burn Resuscitation
by Dorothee Boehm and Henrik Menke
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 187; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020187 - 23 Feb 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3887
Abstract
Fluid management is a cornerstone in the treatment of burns and, thus, many different formulas were tested for their ability to match the fluid requirements for an adequate resuscitation. Thereof, the Parkland-Baxter formula, first introduced in 1968, is still widely used since then. [...] Read more.
Fluid management is a cornerstone in the treatment of burns and, thus, many different formulas were tested for their ability to match the fluid requirements for an adequate resuscitation. Thereof, the Parkland-Baxter formula, first introduced in 1968, is still widely used since then. Though using nearly the same formula to start off, the definition of normovolemia and how to determine the volume status of burn patients has changed dramatically over years. In first instance, the invention of the transpulmonary thermodilution (TTD) enabled an early goal directed fluid therapy with acceptable invasiveness. Furthermore, the introduction of point of care ultrasound (POCUS) has triggered more individualized schemes of fluid therapy. This article explores the historical developments in the field of burn resuscitation, presenting different options to determine the fluid requirements without missing the red flags for hyper- or hypovolemia. Furthermore, the increasing rate of co-morbidities in burn patients calls for a more sophisticated fluid management adjusting the fluid therapy to the actual necessities very closely. Therefore, formulas might be used as a starting point, but further fluid therapy should be adjusted to the actual need of every single patient. Taking the developments in the field of individualized therapies in intensive care in general into account, fluid management in burn resuscitation will also be individualized in the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A History of Burn Care)
15 pages, 405 KiB  
Review
Vitamin D and Glomerulonephritis
by Guido Gembillo, Rossella Siligato, Michela Amatruda, Giovanni Conti and Domenico Santoro
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 186; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020186 - 22 Feb 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5635
Abstract
Vitamin D presents a plethora of different functions that go beyond its role in skeletal homeostasis. It is an efficient endocrine regulator of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS) and erythropoiesis, exerts immunomodulatory effects, reduces the cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. In Chronic Kidney Disease [...] Read more.
Vitamin D presents a plethora of different functions that go beyond its role in skeletal homeostasis. It is an efficient endocrine regulator of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS) and erythropoiesis, exerts immunomodulatory effects, reduces the cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. In Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients, Vitamin D function is impaired; the renal hydrolyzation of its inactive form by the action of 1α-hydroxylase declines at the same pace of reduced nephron mass. Moreover, Vitamin D major carrier, the D-binding protein (DBP), is less represented due to Nephrotic Syndrome (NS), proteinuria, and the alteration of the cubilin–megalin–amnionless receptor complex in the renal proximal tubule. In Glomerulonephritis (GN), Vitamin D supplementation demonstrated to significantly reduce proteinuria and to slow kidney disease progression. It also has potent antiproliferative and immunomodulating functions, contributing to the inhibitions of kidney inflammation. Vitamin D preserves the structural integrity of the slit diaphragm guaranteeing protective effects on podocytes. Activated Vitamin D has been demonstrated to potentiate the antiproteinuric effect of RAAS inhibitors in IgA nephropathy and Lupus Nephritis, enforcing its role in the treatment of glomerulonephritis: calcitriol treatment, through Vitamin D receptor (VDR) action, can regulate the heparanase promoter activity and modulate the urokinase receptor (uPAR), guaranteeing podocyte preservation. It also controls the podocyte distribution by modulating mRNA synthesis and protein expression of nephrin and podocin. Maxalcalcitol is another promising alternative: it has about 1/600 affinity to vitamin D binding protein (DBP), compared to Calcitriol, overcoming the risk of hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and calcifications, and it circulates principally in unbound form with easier availability for target tissues. Doxercalciferol, as well as paricalcitol, showed a lower incidence of hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria than Calcitriol. Paricalcitol demonstrated a significant role in suppressing RAAS genes expression: it significantly decreases angiotensinogen, renin, renin receptors, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels, thus reducing proteinuria and renal damage. The purpose of this article is to establish the Vitamin D role on immunomodulation, inflammatory and autoimmune processes in GN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glomerulonephritis: Pathogenesis, Risk Factors, and Treatment)
7 pages, 283 KiB  
Article
Osteopontin Levels in Patients with Squamous Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer
by Josip Maleš, Hrvoje Mihalj, Anamarija Šestak, Kristina Kralik and Martina Smolić
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 185; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020185 - 21 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1534
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Increased osteopontin (OPN) concentrations in the plasma of patients with head and neck squamous cancer (HNSCC) have diagnostic significance, and it can indicate more aggressive biological behavior of cancer. The aim of this study was to determine OPN levels [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Increased osteopontin (OPN) concentrations in the plasma of patients with head and neck squamous cancer (HNSCC) have diagnostic significance, and it can indicate more aggressive biological behavior of cancer. The aim of this study was to determine OPN levels in patients with HNSCC of different primary locations and to assess its prognostic significance in metastasis development. Materials and Methods: This cohort study included 45 patients (41 male and 4 female patients) with HNSCC with different primary localization of head and neck. All patients underwent surgery—neck dissection. All patients were categorized according to the histological findings of the resected material and tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) classification system. After surgery, N categories were determined on the basis of histological features of resected material. Results: The histological findings of our patients showed: N0 in 11 patients, N1 in 8 patients, N2a in 4 patients, N2b in 14 patients and N2c in 8 patients. Plasma OPN values in all study participants ranged from 2.24 to 109.10 ng/mL. OPN levels in plasma of patients with negative nodes compared to the group of patients with positive nodes in the neck differed significantly (16.89 ng/mL to 34.08 ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.03). There were significantly lower OPN plasma levels in the group of subjects with histologically positive one lymph node in the neck (N1) compared to the group of patients with N2b histologically positive findings of resected neck material (10.4 ng/mL to 43.9 ng/mL, respectively; p = 0.02). Conclusions: The results have shown that growing N degrees of positive neck nodes classification were accompanied by growing values of plasma osteopontin. Osteopontin might be important for the development of neck metastases. Full article
9 pages, 296 KiB  
Article
Lyme Disease among Patients at an Ambulatory Unit in a Highly Endemic Country: Lithuania
by Agnė Petrulionienė, Daiva Radzišauskienė, Algimantas Paulauskas and Algirdas Venalis
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 184; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020184 - 21 Feb 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1819
Abstract
Background and objectives: Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne infectious disease in Europe, caused by the spirocheta bacteria of Borrelia burgdorferi. Several genospecies of B. burgdorferi are pathogenic to humans. B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, which is prevalent in North America, causes reactive [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne infectious disease in Europe, caused by the spirocheta bacteria of Borrelia burgdorferi. Several genospecies of B. burgdorferi are pathogenic to humans. B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, which is prevalent in North America, causes reactive arthritis, whereas B. garinii and B. afzelii, common in Europe, can affect the skin, heart, or nervous system; it has been shown that the clinical symptoms of the disease may be very different. The objective of this study was to identify the baseline characteristics of Lyme disease and to elucidate the frequency of different Lyme disease syndromes in Lithuania. Materials and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with Lyme disease during an ambulatory visit to the Center of Infectious Diseases, Vilnius University Santaros clinics, from 2014 to 2016, were enrolled in this study. A retrospective material analysis was conducted. Results: In total, 1005 patients were enrolled with the following prevalence of clinical syndromes: erythema migrans (EM), 945 (94.02%); Lyme arthritis, 32 (3.18%); neuroborreliosis, 23 (2.28%); Lyme carditis, 4 (0.39%); and acrodermatitis, 1 (0.09%). Erythema migrans was dominant among middle-aged women, with a rash appearing mainly on the lower extremities. Lyme arthritis mainly manifested among middle-aged women as an oligoarthritis, mostly affecting the knee joint. Neuroborreliosis was seen more often in middle-aged women than men and the main symptom was nervus facialis neuropathy. Lyme carditis, manifested as an atrioventricular block, with a male/female ratio of 3:1, and the median age was 51. Acrodermatitis was diagnosed in a 61-year-old woman, as a painful, red rash on the hand. Conclusions: According to the prevalence of B. garinii and B. afzelii in Europe, previously it was thought that Lyme disease presented as erythema migrans, and less frequently as neuroborreliosis; however, this study revealed that other syndromes may also be seen. In addition, we revealed that the longer it takes for erythema migrans to appear, the greater the likelihood of Lyme arthritis developing. Full article
15 pages, 1496 KiB  
Review
Antisocial Personality Disorder in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review
by Elvira Anna Carbone, Renato de Filippis, Mariarita Caroleo, Giuseppina Calabrò, Filippo Antonio Staltari, Laura Destefano, Raffaele Gaetano, Luca Steardo, Jr. and Pasquale De Fazio
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 183; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020183 - 20 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 12896
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder that worsens quality of life and functional impairment. Personality disorders (PDs), in particular Cluster B personality, have a high incidence among BD patients and is considered a poor prognostic factor. The [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder that worsens quality of life and functional impairment. Personality disorders (PDs), in particular Cluster B personality, have a high incidence among BD patients and is considered a poor prognostic factor. The study of this co-morbidity represents an important clinical and diagnostic challenge in psychiatry. Particularly, clinical overlap has been shown between antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and BD that could worsen the course of both disorders. We aimed to detect the frequency of ASPD in bipolar patients with greater accuracy and the impact of ASPD on the clinical course of BD. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library through December 2020 without language or time restriction, according to PRISMA statement guidelines. Results: Initially, 3203 items were identified. After duplicates or irrelevant paper deletion, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. ASPD was more frequent among BD patients, especially in BD type I. BD patients with ASPD as a comorbidity seemed to have early onset, higher number and more severe affective episodes, higher levels of aggressive and impulsive behaviors, suicidality and poor clinical outcome. ASPD symptoms in BD seem to be associated with a frequent comorbidity with addictive disorders (cocaine and alcohol) and criminal behaviors, probably due to a shared impulsivity core feature. Conclusions: Considering the shared symptoms such as impulsive and dangerous behaviors, in patients with only one disease, misdiagnosis is a common phenomenon due to the overlapping symptoms of ASPD and BD. It may be useful to recognize the co-occurrence of the disorders and better characterize the patient with ASPD and BD evaluating all dysfunctional aspects and their influence on core symptoms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bipolar Disorder – New Opportunities and Challenges)
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7 pages, 1007 KiB  
Review
Diagnostic Workflow in Competitive Athletes with Ventricular Arrhythmias and Suspected Concealed Cardiomyopathies
by Maria Lucia Narducci, Michela Cammarano, Valeria Novelli, Antonio Bisignani, Chiara Pavone, Francesco Perna, Gianluigi Bencardino, Gaetano Pinnacchio, Massimiliano Bianco, Paolo Zeppilli, Vincenzo Palmieri and Gemma Pelargonio
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 182; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020182 - 20 Feb 2021
Viewed by 1287
Abstract
The diagnosis of structural heart disease in athletes with ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and an apparently normal heart can be very challenging. Several pieces of evidence demonstrate the importance of an extensive diagnostic work-up in apparently healthy young patients for the characterization of concealed [...] Read more.
The diagnosis of structural heart disease in athletes with ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and an apparently normal heart can be very challenging. Several pieces of evidence demonstrate the importance of an extensive diagnostic work-up in apparently healthy young patients for the characterization of concealed cardiomyopathies. This study shows the various diagnostic levels and tools to help identify which athletes need deeper investigation in order to unmask possible underlying heart disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes)
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5 pages, 1137 KiB  
Case Report
Lung Adenocarcinoma Presenting as a Soft Tissue Metastasis to the Shoulder: A Case Report
by Kazuhiko Hashimoto, Shunji Nishimura and Masao Akagi
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 181; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020181 - 20 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1868
Abstract
Background: Metastasis to soft tissue is rare, and the pathogenesis remains unclear. Soft tissue metastases (STMs) have varied presentations; existing reports are few. Herein, we report a case of STMs of the shoulder with a rich characterization. Case presentation: A 93-year-old man presented [...] Read more.
Background: Metastasis to soft tissue is rare, and the pathogenesis remains unclear. Soft tissue metastases (STMs) have varied presentations; existing reports are few. Herein, we report a case of STMs of the shoulder with a rich characterization. Case presentation: A 93-year-old man presented to our hospital with pain and swelling of the left shoulder for one week. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a T1 low-intensity and T2 high-intensity mass. We suspected a primary sarcoma and performed a needle biopsy. However, on histopathological examination, the findings were suggestive of lung adenocarcinoma. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography also revealed FDG accumulation in the right lung, thus confirming the diagnosis. Conclusion: Oncologists should keep in mind that STMs of lung cancer may resemble soft-tissue sarcomas at the time of initial diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Oncology)
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7 pages, 1072 KiB  
Case Report
Leucocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin Block: Its Use for the Treatment of a Large Cyst with Implant-Based Rehabilitation
by Rodolfo Mauceri, Denise Murgia, Orazio Cicero, Luigi Paternò, Luca Fiorillo, Viviana De Caro and Giuseppina Campisi
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 180; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020180 - 20 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3639
Abstract
The management of critical-size bone defects is still demanding. Recently, autologous platelet concentrates in combination with bone substitute have been applied and reported in a few studies. Our aim is to report the healing of a critical-size alveolar bone defect treated with a [...] Read more.
The management of critical-size bone defects is still demanding. Recently, autologous platelet concentrates in combination with bone substitute have been applied and reported in a few studies. Our aim is to report the healing of a critical-size alveolar bone defect treated with a new bone regeneration technique by means of L-PRF and L-PRF blocks. A 45-year-old woman presented a large cystic lesion; the extraction of three teeth, a cyst removal procedure, and bone regeneration procedures with L-PRF and L-PRF blocks were planned. The L-PRF block was prepared by mixing a bone substitute with a piece of L-PRF membrane and liquid fibrinogen. Additionally, after bone healing an implant-based rehabilitation was optimally performed. On the basis of the positive results, in terms of bone healing and tissue regeneration in a large bone defect, the application of L-PRF and L-PRF blocks, in agreement with the scarce literature, is suggested as a feasible procedure in selected cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio- and Osseointegration in Dentistry)
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8 pages, 285 KiB  
Article
The Role of Early Procalcitonin Determination in the Emergency Departiment in Adults Hospitalized with Fever
by Marcello Covino, Antonella Gallo, Massimo Montalto, Giuseppe De Matteis, Maria Livia Burzo, Benedetta Simeoni, Rita Murri, Marcello Candelli, Veronica Ojetti and Francesco Franceschi
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 179; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020179 - 19 Feb 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2223
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Fever is one of the most common presenting complaints in the Emergency Department (ED). The role of serum procalcitonin (PCT) determination in the ED evaluation of adults presenting with fever is still debated. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Fever is one of the most common presenting complaints in the Emergency Department (ED). The role of serum procalcitonin (PCT) determination in the ED evaluation of adults presenting with fever is still debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate if, in adults presenting to the ED with fever and then hospitalized, the early PCT determination could improve prognosis. Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective, mono-centric study, conducted over a 10-year period (2009–2018). We analyzed consecutive patients ≥18 years admitted to ED with fever and then hospitalized. According to quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) at admission, we compared patients that had a PCT determination vs. controls. Primary endpoint was overall in-hospital mortality; secondary endpoints were in-hospital length of stay, and mortality in patients with bloodstream infection and acute respiratory infections. Results. The sample included 12,062 patients, median age was 71 years and 55.1% were men. In patients with qSOFA ≥ 2 overall mortality was significantly lower if they had a PCT-guided management in ED, (20.5% vs. 26.5%; p = 0.046). In the qSOFA < 2 group the mortality was not significantly different in PCT patients, except for those with a final diagnosis of bloodstream infection. Conclusions. Among adults hospitalized with fever, the PCT evaluation at ED admission was not associated with better outcomes, with the possible exception of patients affected by bloodstream infections. However, in febrile patients presenting to the ED with qSOFA ≥ 2, the early PCT evaluation could improve the overall in-hospital survival. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Strategies for Treatment of Sepsis)
7 pages, 287 KiB  
Article
Short-Term Effect of Orthodontic Treatment with Clear Aligners on Pain and sEMG Activity of Masticatory Muscles
by Alessandro Nota, Silvia Caruso, Shideh Ehsani, Gianmaria Fabrizio Ferrazzano, Roberto Gatto and Simona Tecco
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 178; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020178 - 19 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2711
Abstract
Background and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate mandibular elevator muscles activity and pain on palpation in the early stages of orthodontic treatment with clear aligners using surface electromyography (sEMG). Materials and methods: Surface electromyography (sEMG) activity and pain level [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate mandibular elevator muscles activity and pain on palpation in the early stages of orthodontic treatment with clear aligners using surface electromyography (sEMG). Materials and methods: Surface electromyography (sEMG) activity and pain level on muscle palpation of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were recorded in a sample of 16 adult subjects (aged 18–32 years; mean 22.5 +/− 3.5 SD) undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners before the treatment (T0), after 1 month of treatment (two clear aligners) (T1), and after 3 months of treatment (T2) (six clear aligners). A chi-square test for nominal data, a Friedman test, and a Wilcoxon-signed rank test as post hoc analysis were applied. Results: No statistically significant differences in muscular pain were observed. At T1, the sEMG activity of masseter muscles at mandibular rest position showed a statistically significant reduction, but after 3 months (T2), the data appeared similar to T0 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02). Conclusions: During the treatment with clear aligners, subjects could experience an initial reduction in the masseter basal activity after 1 month of treatment. This effect tends to decrease to baseline levels after 3 months of therapy. Full article
10 pages, 1022 KiB  
Article
Selected Biochemical Blood Parameters and a Risk of Pressure Ulcers in Patients Receiving Treatment in Intensive Care Units
by Dariusz Bazaliński, Beata Midura, Anna Wójcik and Paweł Więch
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 177; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020177 - 19 Feb 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2773
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of selected biochemical parameters in venous blood and their potential effects on the development of pressure ulcers in patients treated in intensive care settings. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients hospitalised in [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of selected biochemical parameters in venous blood and their potential effects on the development of pressure ulcers in patients treated in intensive care settings. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients hospitalised in an intensive care unit (ICU) were enrolled for the study. The methods used included controlled observation, literature review and medical record analysis. The observation protocol applied in the study consisted of two parts comprising the basic information, sociodemographic data, results of laboratory tests (CRP, PCT, albumin, protein and haemoglobin concentrations) as well as the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk. Results: The subjects presented moderate to high risk of pressure ulcers, reflected by the mean score of 8.18 ± 1.3 points, with minimum and maximum scores of 6 and 12 points, respectively. Normal albumin level was identified in only five subjects (10.0%) while 45 subjects (90.0%) were found with results below the norm. A statistical relationship was observed between such variables as albumin concentration (p < 0.01) and total protein level (p = 0.007). The findings show a strong correlation between the score in the Braden Scale and the level of albumins (R = 0.55). Conclusions: In our study, lower concentrations of albumins and total proteins correspond to a greater risk of pressure ulcers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Intensive Care/ Anesthesiology)
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14 pages, 347 KiB  
Article
Platelet Activity and Its Correlation with Inflammation and Cell Count Readings in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction
by Aušra Mongirdienė, Jolanta Laukaitienė, Vilius Skipskis, Lolita Kuršvietienė and Julius Liobikas
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 176; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020176 - 18 Feb 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2159
Abstract
Background and objectives: There has been an increasing interest in the role of inflammation in thrombosis complications in chronic heart failure (HF) patients. The incidence of thrombosis in HF has been shown to be the highest in patients classified as NYHA IV [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: There has been an increasing interest in the role of inflammation in thrombosis complications in chronic heart failure (HF) patients. The incidence of thrombosis in HF has been shown to be the highest in patients classified as NYHA IV (New York Heart association). It is stated that inflammation is regulated by platelet-induced activation of blood leukocytes. We aimed to compare the platelet and cell count readings in chronic HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients according to NYHA functional class and to evaluate the correlation between those readings. Materials and methods: A total of 185 patients were examined. The results of heart echoscopy (TEE) testing; fibrinogen, N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), C reactive protein (CRP), and cortisol concentrations; complete blood counts; and a 6 min walking test were assessed and platelet aggregation was determined. Results: Mean platelet volume (MPV) increased with deterioration of a patient’s state (p < 0.005). Lymphocyte count and percentage were the lowest in the NYHA IV group (p < 0.005). Neutrophil and monocyte percentage and count were the highest (p < 0.045) in the NYHA IV group. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)- and ADR-induced platelet aggregation was higher in the NYHA III group compared to NYHA II and I groups (p < 0.023). NYHA functional class correlated with mean platelet volume (MPV) (r = 0.311, p = 0.0001), lymphocyte count (r = −0.186, p = 0.026), monocyte count (p = 0.172, p = 0.041), and percentage (r = 0.212, p = 0.011). CRP concentration correlated with NT-proBNP (r = 0.203, p = 0.005). MPV correlated with fibrinogen concentration (r = 0.244, p = 0.004). Conclusions: (1) MPV could be considered as an additional reading reflecting a patient’s condition, however the use of MPV to identify patients at risk of hypercoagulable state should be evaluated in more extensive studies; (2) increased neutrophil and monocyte counts could indicate a higher inflammatory state in chronic HFrEF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heart Failure)
7 pages, 7504 KiB  
Case Report
Inflammatory Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Mimicking Bacteremia in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report
by Kazuhiko Hashimoto, Shunji Nishimura, Tomohiko Ito, Naohiro Oka and Masao Akagi
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 175; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020175 - 18 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1886
Abstract
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is major type of soft tissue sarcomas. UPS presenting with inflammation is rare, and its pathophysiology remains unclear. Herein, we report a rare case of UPS with prolonged fever. A 91-year-old female complaining of high fever was referred to [...] Read more.
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is major type of soft tissue sarcomas. UPS presenting with inflammation is rare, and its pathophysiology remains unclear. Herein, we report a rare case of UPS with prolonged fever. A 91-year-old female complaining of high fever was referred to our hospital because of a high C-reactive protein (CRP) level of 12.51 mg/dL. She had been experiencing intermittent fevers for approximately 10 years. The fever of unknown origin worsened with time and went into remission with repeated antimicrobial therapy. She also had a mass on her central lower back over the sacral region for 6 years, which showed a gradual increase in size. The blood tests showed that the leukocyte count and neutrophils were 6.51 × 103 /µL and 70.3%, respectively. She had a 10 × 10 cm mass on her buttock that showed 2-[fluorine-18] fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) accumulation on FDG-positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination (standardized uptake value-max value: 5.4). A blood culture examination was performed to rule out bacteremia, however, no bacteria were identified. We then performed a needle biopsy and confirmed the diagnosis of UPS; subsequently, the patient underwent a wide-margin resection. A few days after the surgery, her CRP, leukocyte, and neutrophil levels decreased to 0.305 mg/dL, 2.83 × 103/uL, and 50.1%, respectively. This case demonstrated that UPS with inflammation should be treated surgically as soon as possible after ruling out other sources of infection to achieve a favorable prognosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Selected Orthopedic Oncology)
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8 pages, 4036 KiB  
Article
Rare Occurrence of Microsatellite Instability in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
by Joonhong Park, Hae Jung Sul and Jeong Goo Kim
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 174; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020174 - 18 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1702
Abstract
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to objectively determine microsatellite instability (MSI) status using a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based MSI panel and to resolve the discrepancy regarding whether or not MSI is a rare phenomenon, irrespective of diverse genomic alterations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: This study aimed to objectively determine microsatellite instability (MSI) status using a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based MSI panel and to resolve the discrepancy regarding whether or not MSI is a rare phenomenon, irrespective of diverse genomic alterations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was subjected to MSI panel sequencing using an Ion AmpliSeq Microsatellite Instability Assay, as well as to cancer gene panel sequencing using an Oncomine Focus DNA Assay. Results: All of our GIST patients showed microsatellite-stable (MSS) status, which confirmed that MSI status did not affect the molecular pathogenesis of GIST. The KIT gene (79%, 38/48) was the most frequently mutated gene, followed by the PDGFRA (8%, 4/48), PIK3CA (8%, 4/48), and ERBB2 (4%, 2/48) mutations. KIT exon 11 mutant patients were more favorable in responding to imatinib than those with exon 9 mutant or wild-type GISTs, and compared to non-KIT exon 11 mutant GISTs (p = 0.041). The NGS-based MSI panel with MSICall confirmed a rare phenomenon of microsatellite instability in GISTs irrespective of diverse genomic alterations. Conclusion: Massively parallel sequencing can simultaneously provide the MSI status as well as the somatic mutation profile in a single test. This combined approach may help us to understand the molecular pathogenesis of GIST carcinogenesis and malignant progression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Cancer Biology)
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14 pages, 353 KiB  
Article
Individual Anthropometric, Aerobic Capacity and Demographic Characteristics as Predictors of Heat Intolerance in Military Populations
by Faith O. Alele, Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli, Aduli E. O. Malau-Aduli and Melissa J. Crowe
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 173; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020173 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2198
Abstract
Background and objectives: The Australian Defence Force (ADF) engages in combat-related activities in hot climatic conditions, which exposes ADF members to the threat of exertional heat illness (EHI). After an episode of EHI, the heat tolerance test (HTT) is conducted to determine [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: The Australian Defence Force (ADF) engages in combat-related activities in hot climatic conditions, which exposes ADF members to the threat of exertional heat illness (EHI). After an episode of EHI, the heat tolerance test (HTT) is conducted to determine heat tolerance. Heat intolerance is the inability to maintain thermal balance while exercising in a hot environment. This study investigated the predictive roles of individual characteristics (age, gender, aerobic capacity (VO2max) and body composition) on physiological responses to the HTT in a group comprising ADF personnel and civilian volunteers. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used and 52 (38 males and 14 females) participants were recruited from the ADF and the general population for the HTT. Heat intolerance was defined following the standard criteria for the HTT (temperature and heart rate). Data were analysed using inferential statistics. Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.1 ± 11.6 years, and 44% (23 people: 19 males and 4 females) of the participants were heat intolerant. Independent samples T-test showed that body mass index (p = 0.011) and body fat% (p = 0.034) of heat-intolerant participants were significantly higher than their heat-tolerant counterparts. Body surface area to mass ratio (p = 0.005) and aerobic capacity (p = 0.001) were significantly lower in heat-intolerant participants. Regression analyses showed that age, gender, aerobic capacity and body fat% were significant (p < 0.001) predictors of heat tolerance outcomes, with R2 values ranging from 0.505 to 0.636. Conclusions: This study showed that aerobic capacity, body fat%, age and gender are predictors of heat intolerance among military and non-military populations. However, there may be a need for future studies to consider identifying other indicators such as clinical biomarkers of heat intolerance, which could be used to develop a more reliable HTT protocol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention, Recognition, and Treatment of Exertional Heat Illnesses)
14 pages, 8842 KiB  
Article
The Pertinent Literature of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Programs: A Bibliometric Approach
by Cheng Li, Yang Cheng, Zhao Li, Donara Margaryan, Carsten Perka and Andrej Trampuz
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 172; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020172 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3247
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The programs of enhanced recovery after surgery are the new revolution in surgical departments; however, features of this concept have not been systematically explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)-related research using [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The programs of enhanced recovery after surgery are the new revolution in surgical departments; however, features of this concept have not been systematically explored. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)-related research using bibliometric analysis. Materials and Methods: The search strategy of ERAS programs was conducted in the Web of Science database. Bibliometric analysis was further performed by Excel and Bibliometrix software. The relationship between citation counts and Mendeley readers was assessed by linear regression analysis. Results: 8539 studies from 1994–2019 were included in the present research, with reporting studies originating from 91 countries using 18 languages. The United States (US) published the greatest number of articles. International cooperation was discovered in 82 countries, with the most cooperative country being the United Kingdom. Henrik Kehlet was found to have published the highest number of studies. The journal Anesthesia and Analgesia had the largest number of articles. Linear regression analysis presented a strong positive correlation between citations and Mendeley readers. Most research was related to gastrointestinal surgery in this field. Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis shows the current status of ERAS programs from multiple perspectives, and it provides reference and guidance to scholars for further research. Full article
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10 pages, 817 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Friction on Design of the Type of Bracket and Its Relation to OHRQoL in Patients Who Use Multi-Bracket Appliances: A Randomized Clinical Trial
by Adriana González-Sáez, Laura Antonio-Zancajo, Javier Montero, Alberto Albaladejo, María Melo, Daniele Garcovich and Alfonso Alvarado-Lorenzo
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 171; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020171 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1615
Abstract
Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of friction on design of the type of bracket, patients’ perception of pain and the impact on their oral health-related quality of life. Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of friction on design of the type of bracket, patients’ perception of pain and the impact on their oral health-related quality of life. Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical trial was carried out with 90 patients (62.2% women and 37.8% men) with three kinds of fixed multi-bracket appliances: Conventional (GC), fixed multi-bracket low friction (GS) and self-ligating (GA). The VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) was used to determine pain during the first seven days of treatment at different points in time. The patients were also given the OHIP-14 (Oral Health Impact Profile) questionnaire to analyse their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) after the first 30 days of treatment. The ANOVA test was used for the analysis of the variables and the post hoc Bonferroni test for the comparison between groups. Results: Maximum pain was observed between one and two days after the start of treatment. The GC group showed the greatest degree of pain, with maximum values (4.5 ± 2.0) at 24 h. The self-ligation brackets show lower impact on patients’ oral health-related quality of life (0.8 ± 2.2, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Friction in the type of bracket influences pain and the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of patients who use multi-bracket fixed orthodontics. Full article
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6 pages, 1831 KiB  
Case Report
Rare Anatomic Variation: The Hepatosplenomesentericophrenic Trunk
by Bogdan Gheorghe Hogea, Mugurel Constantin Rusu, Adelina Maria Jianu, Bogdan Adrian Manta and Adrian Cosmin Ilie
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 170; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020170 - 15 Feb 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2085
Abstract
The rare anatomic variants of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery include the hepatosplenic, hepatosplenomesenteric (HSMT), celiacomesenteric, hepatomesenteric and gastrosplenic trunks. We report a 72-year-old female patient whose computed tomography angiograms indicated a rare anatomic feature whereby the right inferior phrenic artery [...] Read more.
The rare anatomic variants of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery include the hepatosplenic, hepatosplenomesenteric (HSMT), celiacomesenteric, hepatomesenteric and gastrosplenic trunks. We report a 72-year-old female patient whose computed tomography angiograms indicated a rare anatomic feature whereby the right inferior phrenic artery was inserted in the origin of an HSMT, thus modifying it into a hepatosplenomesentericophrenic trunk (HSMPT). Above the HSMPT, the insertion of the left inferior phrenic artery in the origin of the left gastric artery determined a left gastrophrenic trunk (GPT). Proper identification of this type of rare anatomic variant is of utmost importance prior to different surgical procedures. For example, an HSMT origin of the right inferior phrenic artery is surgically relevant if this artery is an extrinsic pedicle of a hepatocellular carcinoma and is used for embolization of the tumor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Variational Anatomy and Developmental Anomalies in Clinical Practice)
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12 pages, 350 KiB  
Review
Natural Products and Nutrients against Different Viral Diseases: Prospects in Prevention and Treatment of SARS-CoV-2
by Syed Ghazanfar Ali, Mohammad Azam Ansari, Mohammad A. Alzohairy, Ahmad Almatroudi, Mohammad N. Alomary, Saad Alghamdi, Suriya Rehman and Haris M. Khan
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 169; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020169 - 14 Feb 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3116
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic and is posing a serious challenge to mankind. As per the current scenario, there is an urgent need for antiviral that could act as a protective and therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2. Previous studies [...] Read more.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic and is posing a serious challenge to mankind. As per the current scenario, there is an urgent need for antiviral that could act as a protective and therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2. Previous studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 is much similar to the SARS-CoV bat that occurred in 2002-03. Since it is a zoonotic virus, the exact source is still unknown, but it is believed bats may be the primary reservoir of SARS-CoV-2 through which it has been transferred to humans. In this review, we have tried to summarize some of the approaches that could be effective against SARS-CoV-2. Firstly, plants or plant-based products have been effective against different viral diseases, and secondly, plants or plant-based natural products have the minimum adverse effect. We have also highlighted a few vitamins and minerals that could be beneficial against SARS-CoV-2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Future of Medicine: Frontiers in Integrative Health and Medicine)
15 pages, 1584 KiB  
Review
Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: From the Basics to the Practical Work-Up
by Adriano Nunes Kochi, Giulia Vettor, Maria Antonietta Dessanai, Francesca Pizzamiglio and Claudio Tondo
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 168; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020168 - 14 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4771
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death in athletes is a relatively rare event, but due to the increasing number of individuals practicing high-performance sports, in absolute terms, it has become an important issue to be addressed. Since etiologies are many and the occurrence is rare, tracing [...] Read more.
Sudden cardiac death in athletes is a relatively rare event, but due to the increasing number of individuals practicing high-performance sports, in absolute terms, it has become an important issue to be addressed. Since etiologies are many and the occurrence is rare, tracing the ideal preparticipation screening program is challenging. So far, as screening tools, a comprehensive clinical evaluation and a simple 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) seem to be the most cost-effective strategy. Recent technological advances came to significantly help as second-line investigation tools, especially the cardiac magnetic resonance, which allows for a more detailed ventricular evaluation, cardiac tissue characterization, and eliminates the poor acoustic window problem. This article aims to review all aspects related to sudden cardiac death in athletes, beginning with definitions and epidemiology, passing through etiology and clinical characteristics, then finishing with a discussion about the best ambulatory investigational approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes)
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11 pages, 723 KiB  
Article
Nocturnal Hypoglycaemia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Database Analysis of a Cohort Using Telemedicine Support for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose over a 10-Year-Long Period
by Gyorgy Jermendy, Agnes Kecskes and Attila Nagy
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 167; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020167 - 14 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1865
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In patients with diabetes mellitus, hypoglycaemic episodes, especially during night hours, carry a significant risk. Data about the occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in real-world settings are of clinical importance. The aim of our study was to evaluate the occurrence [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: In patients with diabetes mellitus, hypoglycaemic episodes, especially during night hours, carry a significant risk. Data about the occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycaemia in real-world settings are of clinical importance. The aim of our study was to evaluate the occurrence of nocturnal hypoglycaemia among patients with diabetes using self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) with telemedicine support. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analysed the central database of an internet-based supportive system between 2010 and 2020 when 8190 SMBG users uploaded nearly 10 million capillary blood glucose values. Nocturnal hypoglycaemia was defined as capillary blood glucose < 3.0 mmol/L measured between 00:00 and 05:59 h. Results: The database contained 914,146 nocturnal blood glucose values from 7298 users; 24,623 (2.7%) glucose values were below the hypoglycaemic threshold and 2363 patients (32.4%) had at least one hypoglycaemic glucose value. Nocturnal hypoglycaemia was more often found in patients with type 1 vs. type 2 diabetes (n = 1890 (80.0%) vs. n = 387 (16.4%), respectively). Hypoglycaemic blood glucose values were most frequently observed in the age group of 10.0–19.9 years (n = 481 (20.4%)). Patients with nocturnal hypoglycaemia were mostly on insulin treatment (1854 (78.5%) patients with 20,727 (84.1%) hypoglycaemic glucose values). Only 356 patients (15.1%) with nocturnal hypoglycaemia performed a retest within 120 min. Within a one-day-long (1440 min) timeframe, the elapsed median time until a retest, yielding a safe blood glucose value (>3.9 mml/L), was 273 min (interquartile range: 157–300 min). Conclusions: Nocturnal hypoglycaemia should be considered as a persisting challenge to antihyperglycaemic treatment in patients living with diabetes. Continuous efforts are needed to improve both antihyperglycaemic treatment and patient education for preventing nocturnal hypoglycaemia, and to act adequately if hypoglycaemic values are detected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Endocrinology)
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11 pages, 1882 KiB  
Article
A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of Epidermal Growth Factor-Containing Ointment on the Treatment of Solar Lentigines as Adjuvant Therapy
by Hye One Kim, Hye Ran Kim, Jin Cheol Kim, Seok Young Kang, Min Je Jung, Sung Eun Chang, Chun Wook Park and Bo Young Chung
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 166; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020166 - 13 Feb 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2959
Abstract
Background and Objective: Little is known about the anti-pigmentation effects of whitening agents on solar lentigines. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been used as a booster for wound healing in the skin, and it has been suggested to have anti-pigmentation effects. This [...] Read more.
Background and Objective: Little is known about the anti-pigmentation effects of whitening agents on solar lentigines. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been used as a booster for wound healing in the skin, and it has been suggested to have anti-pigmentation effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and safety of EGF-containing ointment for treating solar lentigines with a Q-switched (QS) 532 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (Bluecore company, Seoul, Republic of Korea). Materials and Methods: Subjects who underwent QS 532 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment of solar lentigines were randomly assigned to treatment with an EGF ointment or petrolatum. After the laser procedure, the subjects were administered the test ointment twice a day for 4 weeks. The physician’s assessment of the degree of pigment clearance and patient’s satisfaction were assessed after 4 and 8 weeks. Additionally, the melanin index (MI), erythema index (EI), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) were evaluated. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04704245). Results: The blinded physician’s assessment using 5-grade percentage improvement scale and patient’s satisfaction were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group at the 4th and 8th weeks. The MI was significantly higher in the control group than in the study group at the 4th and 8th weeks. The EI and TEWL did not differ significantly between the two groups at either time point. The incidence of PIH was higher in the control group (37.5%) than in the EGF group (7.14%) at the 8th week. Conclusions: The application of EGF-containing ointment on facial solar lentigines with a QS 532 nm Nd:YAG laser showed efficient and safe therapeutic effects, with less PIH. Thus, EGF-containing ointment could be suggested as the promising adjuvant treatment strategy with a QS laser for solar lentigines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Dermatology)
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8 pages, 327 KiB  
Article
Clinical Impact of Psychopathy on Bipolar Disorder
by Giuseppina Calabrò, Antonio Francesco Musolino, Andrea Adolfo Filippo, Renato de Filippis, Elvira Anna Carbone, Marianna Rania, Matteo Aloi, Valentina Pugliese and Cristina Segura-Garcia
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 165; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020165 - 12 Feb 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2228
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with a significant burden due to affective symptoms and behavioral manifestations, but also cognitive and functional impairment. Comorbidity with other psychiatric conditions, including personality disorders, is frequent. The comorbidity with psychopathy deserves special consideration [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives. Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with a significant burden due to affective symptoms and behavioral manifestations, but also cognitive and functional impairment. Comorbidity with other psychiatric conditions, including personality disorders, is frequent. The comorbidity with psychopathy deserves special consideration given that both disorders share some clinical characteristics, such as grandiosity, risky behavior or poor insight, among others, that can worsen the outcome of BD. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychopathy in a sample of clinically stabilized patients with BD and its impact on the severity of BD. Materials and Methods. A sample of 111 patients with BD (38 type I and 73 type II) was studied. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) served to assess the severity of BD. Psychopathy was measured by means of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory-Revised (PPI-R). Patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of psychopathy (Group 1: no psychopathy; Group 2: “psychopathic” trait; Group 3: clinical psychopathy). Other measures regarded impulsiveness (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11, BIS-11) and empathy (Empathy Quotient, EQ). Comparisons of mania, depression, impulsivity and empathy scores were run with MANOVA considering psychopathy and diagnosis as independent variables. Results. The prevalence of psychopathy was 5.4%. A significant association between the level of psychopathy and YMRS, attentional/cognitive impulsivity and motor impulsivity scores emerged. No interaction between psychopathy and BD diagnosis was found. Post hoc analysis demonstrated significantly higher YMRS scores in Group 3 than in Group 1; that is, patients with psychopathy have more manic symptoms. Conclusion. Psychopathy seems quite frequent among patients with BD. The association of psychopathy with BD results in higher impulsivity and manic symptoms. In light of this, psychopathy should be investigated when assessing patients with BD, regardless of the comorbidity of BD with other personality disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bipolar Disorder – New Opportunities and Challenges)
12 pages, 1410 KiB  
Article
Prognostic Significance of Cytoplasmic SPNS2 Expression in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
by Jeng-Wei Lu, Yen-Shuo Tseng, Yu-Sheng Lo, Yueh-Min Lin, Chung-Min Yeh and Shu-Hui Lin
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 164; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020164 - 12 Feb 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1848
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant disease with a particularly high incidence in Taiwan. Our objective in this study was to elucidate the involvement of sphingolipid transporter 2 (SPNS2) expression and SPNS2 protein expression in the clinicopathological indexes [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a malignant disease with a particularly high incidence in Taiwan. Our objective in this study was to elucidate the involvement of sphingolipid transporter 2 (SPNS2) expression and SPNS2 protein expression in the clinicopathological indexes and the clinical outcomes of OSCC patients. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for SPNS2 protein expression in samples from 264 cases of OSCC. Correlations of SPNS2 expression with clinicopathological variables and patient survival were analyzed. Results: Our results revealed that the cytoplasmic protein expression of SPNS2 in OSCC tissue specimens was lower than in normal tissue specimens. Negative cytoplasmic protein expression of SPNS2 was significantly correlated with T status and stage. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis revealed that negative cytoplasmic SPNS2 expression was predictive of poorer overall survival of OSCC patients in stage III/IV. We also determined that low SPNS2 expression was an independent prognostic factor related to overall survival among OSCC patients in stage III/IV from univariate Cox proportional hazard models. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models revealed that cytoplasmic SPNS2 expression, T status, lymph node metastasis, and histological grade were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusions: Overall, this study determined that SPNS2 protein may be a useful prognostic marker for OSCC patients and potential therapeutic target for OSCC treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Oncology)
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5 pages, 1906 KiB  
Case Report
Excision of Intramedullary Osteoid Osteomas in the Posterior Tibial Area via Medulloscopy: A Case Report
by Jong Hoon Park, Hae Woon Jung and Woo Young Jang
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 163; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020163 - 12 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3569
Abstract
Osteoid osteomas are benign bone-forming lesions that usually present in adolescence. In patients with severe pain and those not responding to medication, surgical treatment should be considered. Medulloscopy is a standard arthroscopic technique for visualizing the intramedullary canal of the tibia. Herein, we [...] Read more.
Osteoid osteomas are benign bone-forming lesions that usually present in adolescence. In patients with severe pain and those not responding to medication, surgical treatment should be considered. Medulloscopy is a standard arthroscopic technique for visualizing the intramedullary canal of the tibia. Herein, we report two patients with intramedullary osteoid osteomas in the posterior area of the tibia, which were successfully treated using medulloscopy. Hence, medulloscopy is an effective minimally invasive method in patients with intramedullary osteoid osteomas in the posterior tibial area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Selected Orthopedic Oncology)
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8 pages, 8051 KiB  
Case Report
CD133 Expression in Placenta Chorioangioma Presenting as a Giant Asymptomatic Mass
by Gianluca Di Massa, Guglielmo Stabile, Federico Romano, Andrea Balduit, Alessandro Mangogna, Beatrice Belmonte, Pina Canu, Emma Bertucci, Giuseppe Ricci and Tiziana Salviato
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 162; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020162 - 11 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2392
Abstract
Background: Placental chorioangioma is the most common benign non-trophoblastic neoplasm of the placenta. Its clinical relevance lies in the size of the tumor since larger masses cause pregnancy complications, including an unfavorable neonatal outcome. Case presentation: We report the case of a [...] Read more.
Background: Placental chorioangioma is the most common benign non-trophoblastic neoplasm of the placenta. Its clinical relevance lies in the size of the tumor since larger masses cause pregnancy complications, including an unfavorable neonatal outcome. Case presentation: We report the case of a 34-year-old second gravida and nullipara at the 35th week of gestation, admitted to the gynecological department for antibiotic-resistant fever. The cardiotocography performed during hospitalization showed an abnormal fetal pattern. A 2250 g newborn was delivered by cesarean section. No complications were observed during childbirth and postpartum was insignificant. On gross inspection a white fleshy intraparenchymal mass blooming on the maternal surface was noted; routinely stained sections revealed features consistent with chorioangioma with vascular channels lined by inconspicuous endothelial cells immunoreactive for CD31 and CD133. Focal expression of CD133 was also observed in placental villi. Discussion: CD133 expression indicated the presence of stem cells in chorioangioma, suggesting their possible role in the development of mesenchymal lesions including chorioangioma. Full article
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12 pages, 310 KiB  
Review
Mutual Influence of Psoriasis and Sport
by Paolo Custurone, Laura Macca, Lucrezia Bertino, Debora Di Mauro, Fabio Trimarchi, Mario Vaccaro and Francesco Borgia
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 161; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020161 - 10 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2270
Abstract
The link between psoriasis and sport is a controversial issue. The topic has been poorly investigated, and nowadays there are many unsolved questions, dealing with the role of psoriasis in influencing the sporting habits of patients and, vice versa, the impact of sport [...] Read more.
The link between psoriasis and sport is a controversial issue. The topic has been poorly investigated, and nowadays there are many unsolved questions, dealing with the role of psoriasis in influencing the sporting habits of patients and, vice versa, the impact of sport activity on course, severity and extent of the disease, with particular regard to the indirect benefits on cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, the role of physical activity on patients’ quality of life and the potential limitations on physical activity due to joint involvement have not been well elucidated until now. In this narrative review we will try to provide answers to these queries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Dermatology)
11 pages, 1391 KiB  
Review
Serological Parameters and Vascular Investigation for a Better Assessment in DVT during Pregnancy—A Systematic Review
by Catalina Filip, Demetra Gabriela Socolov, Elena Albu, Cristiana Filip, Roxana Serban and Radu Florin Popa
Medicina 2021, 57(2), 160; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/medicina57020160 - 10 Feb 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2574
Abstract
Pregnancy and the postpartum period represent a condition characterized by a thrombotic predisposition. The majority of pregnant women do not face acute or severe thrombotic events. In general, mild inconveniences such as leg swelling or moderately painful thrombotic events (phlebitis) are encountered. However, [...] Read more.
Pregnancy and the postpartum period represent a condition characterized by a thrombotic predisposition. The majority of pregnant women do not face acute or severe thrombotic events. In general, mild inconveniences such as leg swelling or moderately painful thrombotic events (phlebitis) are encountered. However, when pregnancy is associated with inherited or acquired deficits that affect homeostasis, the risk of acute or even life-threatening events can increase significantly. The major consequence is the loss of the fetus or the venous thromboembolism that endangers the mother’s life. Venous thromboembolism is caused by deep vein thrombosis, therefore timely detection and especially the assessment of the extent of the thrombotic event are crucial. In this paper we have summarized the most important paraclinical investigations. The study emphasizes the importance of selecting the methods of investigation. The right choice allows establishing a correct diagnosis and individualizing the treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thrombotic Disorders and Antithrombotic Treatments)
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