The Development of Keratopathy after Surgery-Indicated Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Patient Selection
2.3. Main Outcome Measurement
2.4. Demographic Variables and Co-Morbidities
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baseline Characteristics | Study, n = 6053 | Control, n = 24,212 | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 1.0000 | ||
<40 | 2177 (35.97%) | 8708 (35.97%) | |
40–59 | 2643 (43.66%) | 10,572 (43.66%) | |
60–79 | 1168 (19.3%) | 4672 (19.3%) | |
≥80 | 65 (1.07%) | 260 (1.07%) | |
Sex | 1.0000 | ||
Male | 3812 (62.98%) | 15,248 (62.98%) | |
Female | 2241 (37.02%) | 8964 (37.02%) | |
Co-morbidities | |||
Hypertension | 1662 (27.46%) | 5654 (23.35%) | <0.0001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 823 (13.6%) | 2838 (11.72%) | 0.0047 |
Ischemic heart diseases | 634 (10.47%) | 1901 (7.85%) | <0.0001 |
Hyperlipidemia | 1466 (24.22%) | 4736 (19.56%) | <0.0001 |
Heart failure | 223 (3.68%) | 675 (2.79%) | 0.0002 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 165 (2.73%) | 554 (2.29%) | 0.0454 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 432 (7.14%) | 1408 (5.82%) | 0.0001 |
Dementia | 37 (0.61%) | 167 (0.69%) | 0.5045 |
Chronic pulmonary diseases | 1701 (28.1%) | 3920 (16.19%) | <0.0001 |
Rheumatic disease | 154 (2.54%) | 414 (1.71%) | <0.0001 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 1839 (30.38%) | 5352 (22.1%) | <0.0001 |
DED | 401 (6.62%) | 1024 (4.23%) | <0.0001 |
Uveitis | 54 (0.89%) | 179 (0.74%) | 0.2237 |
Glaucoma | 161 (2.66%) | 386 (1.59%) | <0.0001 |
Incidence | Study, n = 6053 | Control, n = 24,212 |
---|---|---|
Follow-up person months | 310,709 | 1,258,744 |
New keratopathy events | 231 | 695 |
Incidence rate * (95% CI) | 74.35 (65.35–84.58) | 55.21 (51.26–59.48) |
Crude Relative risk (95% CI) | 1.345 (1.159–1.561) | Reference |
Variable | aHR (95% CI) |
---|---|
Surgery-indicated CRS | 1.208 (1.038–1.406) |
Age (Reference: 40–59) | |
<40 | 1.044 (0.885–1.231) |
60–79 | 1.487 (1.249–1.77) |
≥80 | 1.06 (0.535–2.099) |
Sex (Reference: Female) | |
Male | 0.648 (0.568–0.739) |
Co-morbidities | |
Hypertension | 1.235 (1.034–1.475) |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.946 (0.771–1.161) |
Ischemic heart diseases | 0.983 (0.783–1.235) |
Hyperlipidemia | 1.085 (0.906–1.300) |
Heart failure | 0.852 (0.595–1.219) |
Peripheral vascular disease | 1.297 (0.921–1.827) |
Cerebrovascular disease | 0.953 (0.732–1.241) |
Dementia | 0.874 (0.427–1.792) |
Chronic pulmonary diseases | 1.335 (1.142–1.561) |
Rheumatic disease | 1.261 (0.874–1.821) |
Peptic ulcer disease | 1.105 (0.946–1.292) |
DED | 2.085 (1.668–2.607) |
Uveitis | 1.414 (0.792–2.524) |
Glaucoma | 1.334 (0.93–1.914) |
Subgroups | Incidence Rate (95% CI) of Keratopathy | aHR (95% CI) | |
---|---|---|---|
Study | Control | ||
Sex subgroups | |||
Male | 55.88 (46.39–67.3) | 44.87 (40.47–49.76) | 1.14 (0.919–1.415) |
Female | 107.09 (89.54–128.07) | 73.39 (65.94–81.69) | 1.287 (1.038–1.595) |
p for interaction | 0.5209 | ||
Age subgroups (at index date) | |||
<40 | 52.03 (40.56–66.74) | 44.56 (38.97–50.94) | 1.117 (0.838–1.488) |
40–59 | 72.26 (59.34–87.99) | 48.89 (43.42–55.04) | 1.295 (1.024–1.637) |
60–79 | 125.9 (98.91–160.26) | 96.41 (84.02–110.63) | 1.148 (0.862–1.527) |
≥80 | 189.49 (71.12–504.88) | 53.07 (22.09–127.49) | 12.006 (1.004–143.496) |
p for interaction | 0.4097 |
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Hsu, H.-J.; Lee, C.-Y.; Yang, K.-L.; Chen, H.-C.; Sun, C.-C.; Huang, J.-Y.; Lin, H.-Y.; Yang, S.-F. The Development of Keratopathy after Surgery-Indicated Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1218. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph16071218
Hsu H-J, Lee C-Y, Yang K-L, Chen H-C, Sun C-C, Huang J-Y, Lin H-Y, Yang S-F. The Development of Keratopathy after Surgery-Indicated Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(7):1218. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph16071218
Chicago/Turabian StyleHsu, Hung-Jui, Chia-Yi Lee, Kun-Lin Yang, Hung-Chi Chen, Chi-Chin Sun, Jing-Yang Huang, Hung-Yu Lin, and Shun-Fa Yang. 2019. "The Development of Keratopathy after Surgery-Indicated Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 7: 1218. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph16071218