Evaluation of Legionella spp. Colonization in Residential Buildings Having Solar Thermal System for Hot Water Production
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Setting and Solar Thermal Systems Description
2.2. Sampling and Laboratory Tests
2.3. Correlation Tests
3. Results
3.1. Inspections and Physical–Chemical Results
3.2. Microbiological Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Physical–Chemical Parameters | Hot Water Samples | Cold Water Samples | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Point A | Point B | Point I | Point E | Point T | |
Total Chlorine (mg/L) | 0 | 0 | min: 0 | 0 | 0 |
max: 0.09 | |||||
mean: 0.047 ± 0.007 | |||||
pH | min: 5.6 | min: 5.6 | NA | NA | NA |
max: 7.1 | max: 7.3 | ||||
mean: 6.6 ± 0.7 | mean: 6.7 ± 1 | ||||
Conductivity (µS/cm2) | min: 935 | min: 961 | NA | NA | NA |
max: 1156 | max: 1140 | ||||
mean: 1011 ± 135 | mean: 1100 ± 165 | ||||
Temperature (°C) | min: 31.8 | min: 32.2 | max: 21.3 | min: 18.8 | min: 18.9 |
max: 46 | max: 45.6 | max: 21.3 | max: 21.4 | max: 24.8 | |
mean: 38.8 ± 7.5 | mean: 32.6 ± 9.9 | mean: 18.9 ± 2.7 | mean: 19.6 ± 2.1 | mean: 19.9 ± 2.8 |
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Totaro, M.; Costa, A.L.; Frendo, L.; Profeti, S.; Casini, B.; Gallo, A.; Privitera, G.; Baggiani, A. Evaluation of Legionella spp. Colonization in Residential Buildings Having Solar Thermal System for Hot Water Production. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 7050. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17197050
Totaro M, Costa AL, Frendo L, Profeti S, Casini B, Gallo A, Privitera G, Baggiani A. Evaluation of Legionella spp. Colonization in Residential Buildings Having Solar Thermal System for Hot Water Production. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(19):7050. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17197050
Chicago/Turabian StyleTotaro, Michele, Anna Laura Costa, Lorenzo Frendo, Sara Profeti, Beatrice Casini, Antonio Gallo, Gaetano Privitera, and Angelo Baggiani. 2020. "Evaluation of Legionella spp. Colonization in Residential Buildings Having Solar Thermal System for Hot Water Production" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7050. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17197050