Temporal Association between Topical Ophthalmic Corticosteroid and the Risk of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Database
2.2. Selection of Patients and Variables
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data
3.2. Associated Risk Factors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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CSCR n = 2921 | Controls n = 17,526 | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Number (%) | Number (%) | ||
Age (years; Mean ± SD) | 42.26 ± 14.57 | 42.34 ± 14.35 | 0.7905 a |
Age (years) | |||
<25 | 289 (9.89) | 1663 (9.49) | 0.6533 b |
25–34 | 705 (24.14) | 4168 (23.78) | |
35–44 | 822 (28.14) | 4976 (28.39) | |
45–54 | 542(18.56) | 3383 (19.30) | |
55–64 | 320 (10.96) | 1951 (11.13) | |
≥65 | 243 (8.32) | 1385 (7.90) | |
Gender | |||
Male | 1673 (57.27) | 10081 (57.52) | 0.8039 c |
Female | 1248 (42.73) | 7445 (42.48) | |
Geographic region | |||
Northern | 1024 (35.06) | 6144 (35.06) | 0.8789 c |
Central | 1218 (41.70) | 7264 (41.45) | |
Southern | 613 (20.99) | 3678 (20.99) | |
Eastern | 66 (2.26) | 440 (2.51) |
Topical Ophthalmic Corticosteroids | CSCR n = 2921 | Controls n = 17,526 | Crude OR (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The last prescription time before index date (days) | Number (%) | Number (%) | ||||
≤30 | 934 (31.98) | 296 (1.69) | 31.39 (26.81–36.75) | <0.001 | 30.42 (25.95–35.66) | <0.001 |
31–182 | 247 (8.46) | 1013 (5.78) | 2.50 (2.14–2.91) | <0.001 | 2.33 (1.99–2.73) | <0.001 |
≥183 | 192 (6.57) | 918 (5.24) | 2.13 (1.79–2.52) | <0.001 | 2.03 (1.71–2.41) | <0.001 |
None | 1548 (53.00) | 15,299 (87.29) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Comorbidity | ||||||
Hypertension | 347 (11.88) | 1582 (9.03) | 1.45 (1.27–1.66) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.92–1.32) | 0.2796 |
Diabetes | 175 (5.99) | 770 (4.39) | 1.43 (1.20–1.70) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.80–1.27) | 0.9158 |
Hyperlipidemia | 153 (5.24) | 641 (3.66) | 1.48 (1.23–1.79) | <0.001 | 1.21 (0.96–1.54) | 0.1151 |
Chronic renal disease | 39 (1.34) | 127 (0.72) | 1.88 (1.30–2.71) | <0.001 | 1.53 (0.98–2.40) | 0.0606 |
Peptic ulcer | 162 (5.55) | 584 (3.33) | 1.73 (1.44–2.07) | <0.001 | 1.48 (1.19–1.84) | 0.0005 |
Psychiatric disease | 174 (5.96) | 756 (4.31) | 1.42 (1.19–1.68) | <0.001 | 1.21 (0.99–1.48) | 0.0822 |
Allergic respiratory disease | 143 (4.90) | 509 (2.90) | 1.73 (1.43–2.09) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.86–1.42) | 0.4393 |
Coronary artery disease | 106 (3.63) | 405 (2.31) | 1.65 (1.31–2.07) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.023–1.809) | 0.0343 |
Topical Ophthalmic Corticosteroids | CSCR n = 2921 | Controls n = 17,526 | Crude OR (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted OR a (95% CI) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Refilling intervals (days) | Number (%) | Number (%) | ||||
Interval ≤ 90 | 1094 (37.45) | 1853 (10.57) | 7.95 (6.70–9.44) | <0.001 | 7.30 (6.13–8.69) | <0.001 |
Interval > 90 | 279 (9.55) | 374 (2.13) | 6.02 (5.48–6.62) | <0.001 | 5.80 (5.27–6.39) | 0.0044 |
None | 1548 (53.00) | 15,299 (87.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Comorbidity | ||||||
Hypertension | 347 (11.88) | 1582 (9.03) | 1.45 (1.27–1.66) | <0.001 | 1.07 (0.91–1.26) | 0.4007 |
Diabetes | 175 (5.99) | 770 (4.39) | 1.43 (1.20–1.70) | <0.001 | 1.11 (0.90–1.36) | 0.3378 |
Hyperlipidemia | 153 (5.24) | 641 (3.66) | 1.48 (1.23–1.79) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.89–1.37) | 0.3727 |
Chronic renal disease | 39 (1.34) | 127 (0.72) | 1.88 (1.30–2.71) | <0.001 | 1.41 (0.94–2.11) | 0.0994 |
Peptic ulcer | 162 (5.55) | 584 (3.33) | 1.73 (1.44–2.07) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.11–1.66) | 0.0033 |
Psychiatric disease | 174 (5.96) | 756 (4.31) | 1.42 (1.19–1.68) | <0.001 | 1.12 (0.93–1.36) | 0.2277 |
Allergic respiratory disease | 143 (4.90) | 509 (2.90) | 1.73 (1.43–2.09) | <0.001 | 1.19 (0.95–1.49) | 0.1354 |
Coronary artery disease | 106 (3.63) | 405 (2.31) | 1.65 (1.31–2.07) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.02–1.72) | 0.0352 |
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Chang, Y.-S.; Weng, S.-F.; Wang, J.-J.; Jan, R.-L. Temporal Association between Topical Ophthalmic Corticosteroid and the Risk of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 9455. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17249455
Chang Y-S, Weng S-F, Wang J-J, Jan R-L. Temporal Association between Topical Ophthalmic Corticosteroid and the Risk of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(24):9455. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17249455
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Yuh-Shin, Shih-Feng Weng, Jhi-Joung Wang, and Ren-Long Jan. 2020. "Temporal Association between Topical Ophthalmic Corticosteroid and the Risk of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24: 9455. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph17249455