Associations of Emotional Behavior with Nutritional Status and Lifestyle Habits among Schoolchildren Aged 5–10 Years in Sri Lanka
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Participants
2.2. Dependent Variables
Psychopathology Data
2.3. Independent Variables
2.3.1. Anthropometric Measurements
2.3.2. Lifestyle Habits
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Total | Variable | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N or Mean | % or SD | N or Mean | % or SD | ||
Sex | Emotional behavior (SDQ, mean, SD) | ||||
Boy | 195 | 38.4 | Total difficulties score (TDS, 0–40) | 12.01 | 5.26 |
Girl | 313 | 61.6 | Conduct problems (0–10) | 2.53 | 1.81 |
Age (years) | Hyperactivity–inattention (0–10) | 4.00 | 2.16 | ||
5 | 39 | 7.7 | Emotional symptoms (0–10) | 2.24 | 1.90 |
6 | 112 | 22.1 | Peer problems (0–10) | 3.23 | 1.47 |
7 | 94 | 18.5 | Prosocial behavior (0–10) | 7.39 | 1.94 |
8 | 106 | 20.9 | Abnormal (SDQ, N, %) | ||
9 | 99 | 19.5 | TDS (19–40) | 57 | 11.2 |
10 | 58 | 11.4 | Conduct problems (5–10) | 67 | 13.2 |
Number of siblings | Hyperactivity–inattention (7–10) | 68 | 13.4 | ||
0 | 96 | 18.9 | Emotional symptoms (7–10) | 20 | 3.9 |
1 | 242 | 47.6 | Peer problems (5–10) | 89 | 17.5 |
2 | 141 | 27.8 | Prosocial behavior (0–5) | 93 | 18.3 |
3 | 28 | 5.5 | Nutritional Status | ||
4 | 1 | 0.2 | BAZ, (mean, SD) | −0.80 | 1.48 |
School type | BAZ (%) | ||||
1AB | 157 | 30.9 | Thin (<–2) | 99 | 19.5 |
1C | 85 | 16.7 | Normal weight (–2 to +1) | 342 | 67.3 |
2 | 128 | 25.2 | Overweight or obese (>+1) | 67 | 13.2 |
3 | 138 | 27.2 | Lifestyle habits | ||
Breakfast intake | |||||
No | 55 | 10.8 | |||
Yes | 453 | 89.2 | |||
MVPA (per day) | |||||
<60 min | 298 | 58.7 | |||
≥60 min | 210 | 41.3 | |||
Wake–up time | |||||
<6:00 am | 187 | 36.8 | |||
6:00 am–6:29 am | 278 | 54.7 | |||
6:30 am–8:29 am | 43 | 8.5 | |||
Bedtime | |||||
7:00 pm–8:59 pm | 239 | 47.1 | |||
9:00 pm–9:59 pm | 211 | 41.5 | |||
10:00 pm–11:59 pm | 58 | 11.4 |
Variables | High TDS (19–40) | Conduct Problems (5–10) | Hyperactivity-Inattention (7–10) | ||||||
aOR | 95% CI | p | aOR | 95% CI | p | aOR | 95% CI | p | |
Nutritional status | |||||||||
Thin (BAZ < −2) | 1.26 | (0.64–2.49) | 1.26 | (0.65–2.44) | 0.90 | (0.46–1.74) | |||
Normal weight (−2 to +1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Overweight or obese (BAZ > +1) | 0.60 | (0.22–1.65) | 1.25 | (0.56–2.82) | 0.48 | (0.18–1.28) | |||
Lifestyle habits | |||||||||
Breakfast intake—no (1), yes (0) | 1.54 | (0.69–3.42) | 2.95 | (1.50–5.77) | ** | 1.76 | (0.84–3.70) | ||
MVPA (per day)—<60 (1), ≥60 (0) | 1.02 | (0.57–1.83) | 0.85 | (0.49–1.48) | 0.79 | (0.46–1.36) | |||
Wake-up time | |||||||||
<6:00 am | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
6:00 am–6:29 am | 0.91 | (0.50–1.68) | 1.00 | (0.55–1.79) | 0.95 | (0.53–1.69) | |||
6:30 am–8:29 am | 0.77 | (0.24–2.47) | 1.50 | (0.57–3.97) | 1.10 | (0.42–2.87) | |||
Bedtime | |||||||||
7:00 pm–8:59 pm | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
9:00 pm–9:59 pm | 0.84 | (0.45–1.56) | 0.88 | (0.50–1.57) | 0.81 | (0.45–1.44) | |||
10:00 pm–11:59 pm | 1.51 | (0.64–3.54) | 1.20 | (0.50–2.88) | 1.38 | (0.62–3.11) | |||
Variables | Emotional Symptoms (7–10) | Peer Problems (5–10) | Prosocial Behavior Problems (0–5) | ||||||
aOR | 95% CI | p | aOR | 95% CI | p | aOR | 95% CI | p | |
Nutritional status | |||||||||
Thin (BAZ < −2) | 2.04 | (0.70–5.94) | 0.78 | (0.42–1.43) | 1.06 | (0.59–1.92) | |||
Normal weight (−2 to +1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
Overweight or obese (BAZ > +1) | 1.50 | (0.37–6.00) | 0.69 | (0.32–1.49) | 0.63 | (0.28–1.41) | |||
Lifestyle habits | |||||||||
Breakfast intake—no (1), yes (0) | 0.38 | (0.05–3.00) | 1.69 | (0.86–3.32) | 1.64 | (0.82–3.29) | |||
MVPA (per day)—<60 (1), ≥60 (0) | 0.81 | (0.31–2.12) | 1.01 | (0.62–1.65) | 1.20 | (0.73–1.97) | |||
Wake-up time | |||||||||
<6:00 am | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
6:00 am–6:29 am | 0.91 | (0.33–2.50) | 1.46 | (0.88–2.44) | 1.38 | (0.80–2.37) | |||
6:30 am–8:29 am | 1.53 | (0.28–8.29) | 0.58 | (0.19–1.79) | 1.75 | (0.75–4.07) | |||
Bedtime | |||||||||
7:00 pm–8:59 pm | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
9:00 pm–9:59 pm | 2.07 | (0.72–5.96) | 0.80 | (0.48–1.32) | 1.21 | (0.72–2.04) | |||
10:00 pm–11:59 pm | 2.91 | (0.75–11.30) | 1.12 | (0.53–2.38) | 2.43 | (1.17–5.03) | * |
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Shinsugi, C.; Gunasekara, D.; Takimoto, H. Associations of Emotional Behavior with Nutritional Status and Lifestyle Habits among Schoolchildren Aged 5–10 Years in Sri Lanka. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 10332. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph181910332
Shinsugi C, Gunasekara D, Takimoto H. Associations of Emotional Behavior with Nutritional Status and Lifestyle Habits among Schoolchildren Aged 5–10 Years in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(19):10332. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph181910332
Chicago/Turabian StyleShinsugi, Chisa, Deepa Gunasekara, and Hidemi Takimoto. 2021. "Associations of Emotional Behavior with Nutritional Status and Lifestyle Habits among Schoolchildren Aged 5–10 Years in Sri Lanka" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19: 10332. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph181910332