Impact of Work and Recreational Physical Activity on Prediabetes Condition among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2015–2016
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection and Study Population
2.2. Assessment of Variables
Physical Activity (Exposure)
2.3. Prediabetes (Outcome)
2.4. Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Work and Recreational Physical Activity
3.2. Association between Prediabetes and Work/Recreational Physical Activity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Work Physical Activity | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
YES | NO | |||
n (%) | n (%) | |||
n = 1945 | n = 2536 | |||
43.41% | 56.59% | |||
2015–2016 | ||||
Gender | 0.001 | |||
Males | 1072 (50.42) | 1054 (49.58) | ||
Females | 873 (37.07) | 1482 (62.93) | ||
Age | 0.001 | |||
18–64 Years | 1606 (45.41) | 1931 (54.59) | ||
>65 Years | 339 (35.91) | 605 (64.09) | ||
Ethnic Group | 0.001 | |||
Mexican | 313 (42.53) | 423 (57.47) | ||
Hispanic | 224 (37.71) | 370 (62.29) | ||
White | 827 (53.60) | 716 (46.40) | ||
Black | 373 (41.08) | 535 (58.92) | ||
Multiracial | 208 (29.71) | 492 (70.29) | ||
Education level | 0.001 | |||
Elementary School | 356 (36.36) | 623 (63.64) | ||
High School | 458 (47.12) | 514 (52.88) | ||
Technical Education | 696 (51.33) | 660 (48.67) | ||
University | 435 (37.05) | 739 (62.95) | ||
Cholesterol | 0.410 | |||
Normal | 1206 (44.10) | 1529 (55.90) | ||
Borderline | 515 (42.85) | 687 (57.15) | ||
High | 224 (41.18) | 320 (58.82) | ||
Hypertension | 0.011 | |||
Yes | 586 (40.67) | 855 (59.33) | ||
No | 1359 (44.70) | 1681 (55.30) | ||
BMI | 0.003 | |||
Low | 24 (32.00) | 51 (68.00) | ||
Normal | 508 (41.47) | 717 (58.53) | ||
Overweight | 619 (41.97) | 856 (58.03) | ||
Obese | 794 (46.54) | 912 (53.46) | ||
Waist Circumference | 0.001 | |||
Men Normal | 336 (46.86) | 381 (53.14) | ||
Men at Risk | 736 (52.24) | 673 (47.76) | ||
Women Normal | 107 (35.67) | 193 (64.33) | ||
Women at Risk | 766 (37.27) | 1289 (62.73) | ||
Thyroid Disease | 0.017 | |||
Yes | 179 (38.25) | 289 (61.75) | ||
No | 1766 (44.01) | 2247 (55.99) |
Variables | Recreational Physical Activity | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
YES | NO | |||
n (%) | n (%) | |||
n = 2275 | n = 2206 | |||
50.77% | 49.33% | |||
2015–2016 | ||||
Gender | 0.011 | |||
Males | 1122 (52.78) | 1004 (47.22) | ||
Females | 1153 (48.96) | 1202 (51.04) | ||
Age | 0.001 | |||
18–64 Years | 1902 (53.77) | 1635 (46.23) | ||
>65 Years | 373 (39.51) | 571 (60.49) | ||
Ethnic Group | 0.001 | |||
Mexican | 314 (42.66) | 422 (57.34) | ||
Hispanic | 286 (48.15) | 308 (51.85) | ||
White | 836 (54.18) | 707 (45.82) | ||
Black | 463 (50.99) | 445 (49.01) | ||
Multiracial | 376 (53.71) | 324 (46.29) | ||
Education Level | 0.001 | |||
Elementary School | 303 (30.95) | 676 (69.05) | ||
High School | 426 (43.83) | 546 (56.17) | ||
Technical Education | 729 (53.76) | 627 (46.24) | ||
University | 817 (69.59) | 357 (30.41) | ||
Cholesterol | 0.044 | |||
Normal | 1428 (52.21) | 1307 (47.79) | ||
Borderline | 577 (48.00) | 625 (52.00) | ||
High | 270 (49.63) | 274 (50.37) | ||
Hypertension | 0.001 | |||
Yes | 606 (42.05) | 835 (57.95) | ||
No | 1669 (54.90) | 1371 (45.10) | ||
BMI | 0.001 | |||
Low | 41 (54.67) | 34 (45.33) | ||
Normal | 677 (55.27) | 548 (44.73) | ||
Overweight | 762 (51.66) | 713 (48.34) | ||
Obese | 795 (46.60) | 911 (53.40) | ||
Waist Circumference | 0.001 | |||
Men Normal | 426 (59.41) | 291 (40.59) | ||
Men at Risk | 696 (49.40) | 713 (50.60) | ||
Women Normal | 183 (61.00) | 117 (39.00) | ||
Women at Risk | 970 (47.20) | 1085 (52.80) | ||
Thyroid Disease | 0.001 | |||
Yes | 202 (43.16) | 266 (56.84) | ||
No | 2073 (51.66) | 1940 (48.34) |
Variables | Prediabetes | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
YES | NO | |||
n (%) | n (%) | |||
n = 1150 | n = 3331 | |||
25.66% | 74.34% | |||
2015–2016 | ||||
Work Physical Activity | 0.022 | |||
Yes | 466 (23.96) | 1479 (76.04) | ||
No | 684 (26.97) | 1852 (73.03) | ||
Recreational Physical Activity | 0.001 | |||
Yes | 478 (21.01) | 1797 (78.99) | ||
No | 672 (30.46) | 1534 (69.54) | ||
Gender | 0.979 | |||
Males | 546 (25.68) | 1580 (74.32) | ||
Females | 604 (25.65) | 1751 (74.35) | ||
Age | 0.001 | |||
18–64 Years | 712 (20.13) | 2825 (79.87) | ||
>65 Years | 438 (46.40) | 506 (53.60) | ||
Ethnic Group | 0.001 | |||
Mexican | 205 (27.85) | 531 (72.15) | ||
Hispanic | 160 (26.94) | 434 (73.06) | ||
White | 319 (20.67) | 1224 (79.33) | ||
Black | 313 (34.47) | 595 (65.53) | ||
Multiracial | 153 (21.86) | 547 (78.14) | ||
Education Level | 0.001 | |||
Elementary School | 318 (32.48) | 661 (67.52) | ||
High School | 268 (27.57) | 704 (72.43) | ||
Technical Education | 312 (23.01) | 1044 (76.99) | ||
University | 252 (21.47) | 922 (78.53) | ||
Cholesterol | 0.001 | |||
Normal | 643 (23.51) | 2092 (76.49) | ||
Borderline | 340 (28.29) | 862 (71.71) | ||
High | 167 (30.70) | 377 (69.30) | ||
Hypertension | 0.001 | |||
Yes | 610 (42.33) | 831 (57.67) | ||
No | 540 (17.76) | 2500 (82.24) | ||
BMI | 0.001 | |||
Low | 10 (13.33) | 65 (86.67) | ||
Normal | 192 (15.67) | 1033 (84.33) | ||
Overweight | 382 (25.90) | 1093 (74.10) | ||
Obese | 566 (33.18) | 1140 (66.82) | ||
Waist Circumference | 0.001 | |||
Men Normal | 114 (15.90) | 603 (84.10) | ||
Men at Risk | 432 (30.66) | 977 (69.34) | ||
Women Normal | 26 (8.67) | 274 (91.33) | ||
Women at Risk | 578 (28.13) | 1477 (71.87) | ||
Thyroid Disease | 0.001 | |||
Yes | 968 (24.12) | 3045 (75.88) | ||
No | 182 (38.89) | 286 (61.11) |
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Pazmino, L.; Esparza, W.; Aladro-Gonzalvo, A.R.; León, E. Impact of Work and Recreational Physical Activity on Prediabetes Condition among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2015–2016. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1378. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18041378
Pazmino L, Esparza W, Aladro-Gonzalvo AR, León E. Impact of Work and Recreational Physical Activity on Prediabetes Condition among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2015–2016. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4):1378. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18041378
Chicago/Turabian StylePazmino, Lenin, Wilmer Esparza, Arian Ramón Aladro-Gonzalvo, and Edgar León. 2021. "Impact of Work and Recreational Physical Activity on Prediabetes Condition among U.S. Adults: NHANES 2015–2016" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1378. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph18041378