Factors Influencing Residents’ Behavior in Internet Recycling: From the Perspective of the Adoption of New Technology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Basis and Research Hypotheses
2.1. Effort Expectancy
2.2. Performance Expectancy
2.3. Social Influence
2.4. Perceived Risk
2.5. Behavioral Intention
2.6. Facilitating Conditions
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Questionnaire Design
3.2. Sample and Data Collection
3.3. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Descriptive Statistics
4.2. Measurement Model Analysis
4.2.1. Reliability Analysis
4.2.2. Validity Analysis
4.3. Structural Model and Hypothesis Testing
5. Discussion
6. Implications for Practice
6.1. Leveraging Comparative Advantages to Meet PE and Exploring a Good Profit Model
6.2. Developing Heterogeneous Publicity Strategies to Expand the Impact of SI
6.3. Strengthening the Construction of Offline Supporting Facilities and Integrating Informal Recyclers to Create FC for Internet Recycling
6.4. Increasing Financial Support and Optimizing the Policy Environment
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Data information: An overview of academic research and government planning for global carbon neutrality. Bull. Chin. Acad. Sci. 2021, 36, 367–370.
- Wei, W.D.; Chen, Z.J.; Geng, Y.; Cai, W.Q.; Liu, H.B. Toward Carbon Neutrality: Circular Economy Approach and Policy Implications. Bull. Chin. Acad. Sci. 2021, 36, 1030–1038. [Google Scholar]
- Dai, T.J.; Pan, Y.G.; Zhang, Z.Y.; Zhang, H.C. Quantitative analysis of renewable resource recycling and carbon emission reduction. Resour. Recycl. 2021, 3, 15–20. [Google Scholar]
- Ministry of Commerce PRC. Recyclable Resource Recycling Industry Development Report of China; Ministry of Commerce PRC: Beijing, China, 2021.
- Liu, T.T.; Wu, Y.F.; Gong, Y.; Xie, H.Y. Suggestions on improving recyclable resources collecting system in Beijing. Environ. Prot. 2016, 44, 31–33. [Google Scholar]
- Louis, G.E. A historical context of municipal solid waste management in the United States. Waste Manag. Res. 2004, 22, 306–322. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cai, J.Y.; Cai, Z. Renewable resource industry’s international experience and enlightenment. Econ. Geogr. 2010, 30, 2044–2049. [Google Scholar]
- Kaza, S.; Yao, L.; Bhada-Tata, P.; Woerden, F.V. What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050; World Bank Publications: Washington, WA, USA, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Song, Q.B.; Zhang, Y.P.; Miao, Y.P.; Li, J.H. “Internet+ resource recycling” mode promotes the resource recycling revolution in China. Environ. Pollut. Control. 2016, 38, 105–109. [Google Scholar]
- Wei, J.; Wang, L. Analysis on influencing factors of recycling intention of renewable resources “Internet+”. Sci. Technol. Manag. Res. 2020, 40, 246–251. [Google Scholar]
- Zhou, H.C.; Pan, Y.G. Situation in 2018 and trend in 2019 of recycling industry. Recycl. Resour. Circ. Econ. 2019, 2, 32–35. [Google Scholar]
- Wu, G.; Chen, L.F.; Li, Y.; Yan, Q.P. Standardized Recycle of Renewable Resources in Circular Economy. China Popul. Resour. Environ. 2010, 20, 109–116. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, H.D.; Han, H.G.; Liu, T.T.; Tian, X.; Xu, M.; Wu, Y.F.; Gu, Y.F.; Liu, Y.R.; Zuo, T.Y. “Internet+” recyclable resources: A new recycling mode in China. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2018, 134, 44–47. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, L.M.; Zou, K.L.; Jian, H.Y. Strategy of renewable resource recycling considering consumers’ behavior based on “Internet+”. Control Decis. 2019, 34, 1745–1753. [Google Scholar]
- Chen, L.F.; Wu, G.; Yan, Q.P.; Li, Y. Application research on recycling behavior in establishing driving forces of standard circular economy system. China Soft Sci. 2010, S2, 43–48. [Google Scholar]
- Bai, H.; Wang, J.; Zeng, A.Z. Exploring Chinese consumers’ attitude and behavior toward smartphone recycling. J. Clean. Prod. 2018, 188, 227–236. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, C.; Zhang, X.Y.; Sun, Q. The influence of economic incentives on residents’ intention to participate in online recycling: An experimental study from China. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2021, 169, 105497. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, B.; Ren, C.Y.; Dong, X.Y.; Zhang, B.; Wang, Z.H. Determinants shaping willingness towards on-line recycling behaviour: An empirical study of household e-waste recycling in China. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2019, 143, 218–225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, C.; Lv, X.B.; Sun, Q. A study on the influencing factors of residents’ participation in “online collection”. Chin. J. Manag. 2017, 14, 1847–1854. [Google Scholar]
- Ramzan, S.; Liu, C.G.; Xu, Y.; Munir, H.; Gupta, B. The adoption of online e-waste collection platform to improve environmental sustainability: An empirical study of Chinese millennials. Manag. Environ. Qual. Int. J. 2020, 32, 193–209. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rahman, M.M.; Lesch, M.F.; Horrey, W.J.; Strawderman, L. Assessing the utility of TAM, TPB, and UTAUT for advanced driver assistance systems. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2017, 108, 361–373. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Venkatesh, V.; Morris, M.G.; Davis, G.B.; Davis, F.D. User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Q. 2003, 27, 425–478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Amjad-ur-rehman, M.; Qayyum, A.; Javed, B. The role of online shopping service quality in e-retailing towards online shopping intention: Testing the moderation mechanism in UTAUT. Pak. J. Commer. Soc. Sci. 2019, 13, 680–703. [Google Scholar]
- Soh, P.Y.; Heng, H.B.; Selvachandran, G.; Anh, L.Q.; Chau, H.T.M.; Son, L.H.; Abdel-Baset, M.; Manogaran, G.; Varatharajan, R. Perception, acceptance and willingness of older adults in Malaysia towards online shopping: A study using the UTAUT and IRT models. J. Ambient. Intell. Humaniz. Comput. 2020, 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jure, E.; Anton, M. Online shopping adoption during COVID-19 and social isolation: Extending the UTAUT model with herd behavior. J. Retail. Consum. Serv. 2022, 65, 102867. [Google Scholar]
- Adanir, G.A.; Çinar, M. The acceptance and use of an online exam system by online learners: Implementation of the UTAUT model. Sak. Univ. J. Educ. 2021, 11, 412–430. [Google Scholar]
- Slade, E.L.; Dwivedi, Y.K.; Piercy, N.C.; Williams, M.D. Modeling consumers’ adoption intentions of remote mobile payments in the United Kingdom: Extending UTAUT with innovativeness, risk, and trust. Psychol. Mark. 2015, 32, 860–873. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nur, T.; Gosal, G.A. Mobile payment usage in online shopping among Gen Z in the Jabodetabek area: META-UTAUT approach. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Management and Technology (ICIMTech), Jakarta, Indonesia, 19–20 August 2021; pp. 464–469. [Google Scholar]
- Alalwan, A.A.; Dwivedi, Y.K.; Rana, N.P. Factors influencing adoption of mobile banking by Jordanian bank customers: Extending UTAUT2 with trust. Int. J. Inf. Manag. 2017, 37, 99–110. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khan, A.; Masrek, M.N.; Mahmood, K.; Qutab, S. Factors influencing the adoption of digital reference services among the university librarians in Pakistan. Electron. Libr. 2017, 35, 1225–1246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dowdy, A.E.A. Public Librarians’ Adoption of Technology in Two Southeastern States. Ph.D. Thesis, Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Jadil, Y.; Rana, N.P.; Dwivedi, Y.K. A meta-analysis of the UTAUT model in the mobile banking literature: The moderating role of sample size and culture. J. Bus. Res. 2021, 132, 354–372. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bauer, R.A. Consumer Behavior as Risk-Taking, Dynamic Marketing for a Changing World; American Marketing Association: Chicago, IL, USA, 1960; pp. 389–393. [Google Scholar]
- Abushanab, E.; Pearson, J.M. Internet banking in Jordan: The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) perspective. J. Syst. Inf. Technol. 2007, 9, 78–97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, H.T.; Long, L.R.; Zhang, W. An empirical study on influencing mechanism of performance expectancy on innovation behaviors for university Ph.D candidate. Res. High. Educ. Eng. 2013, 6, 41–46. [Google Scholar]
- Bozorgkhou, N. An internet shopping user adoption model using an integrated TTF and UTAUT: Evidence from Iranian consumers. Manag. Sci. Lett. 2015, 5, 199–204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tarpey, L.X.; Paul, P.J. A comparative analysis of three consumer decision strategies. J. Consum. Res. 1975, 2, 29–37. [Google Scholar]
- Korgaonkar, P.K.; Wolin, L.D. A multivariate analysis of web usage. J. Advert. Res. 1999, 39, 56–68. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, Y.; Wu, S.; Rasheed, M.I. Conscientiousness and smartphone recycling intention: The moderating effect of risk perception. Waste Manag. 2020, 101, 116–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nunnally, J.C. Psychometric Theory; McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York, NY, USA, 1978. [Google Scholar]
- Cronbach, L.J. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 1951, 16, 297–334. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hulland, J. Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strateg. Manag. J. 1999, 20, 195–204. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fornell, C.; Larcker, D.F. Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. J. Mark. Res. 1981, 18, 427. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bagozzi, R.P.; Yi, Y. On the evaluation of structural equation models. Acad. Mark. 1988, 16, 74–94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carmines, E.G.; Mciver, J.P. Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures. Soc. Meas. Curr. Issues 1981, 80, 65–115. [Google Scholar]
- Wheaton, B.; Muthen, B.; Alwin, D.F.; Summers, G.F. Assessing reliability and stability in panel models. Sociol. Methodol. 1977, 8, 84–136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wheeler, D. Including the stakeholders: The business case. Long Range Plan. 1998, 31, 201–210. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bentler, P.M. On the fit of models to covariances and methodology to the Bulletin. Psychol. Bull. 1992, 112, 400–404. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Brown, T.A. Confirmatory Factor Analysis for Applied Research; The Guilford Press: New York, NY, USA, 2006; p. 87. [Google Scholar]
- Browne, M.W.; Cudeck, R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol. Methods Res. 1992, 21, 230–258. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Joreskog, K.G.; Sorbom, D. Lisrel 8: User’s Reference Guide; Scientific Software International: Chicago, IL, USA, 1996. [Google Scholar]
- Chi, X.W.; Wang, M.Y.L.; Reuter, M.A. E-waste collection channels and household recycling behaviors in Taizhou of China. J. Clean. Prod. 2014, 80, 87–95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, W.; Tian, Y.; Zhu, Q.; Zhong, Y. Barriers for household e-waste collection in China: Perspectives from formal collecting enterprises in Liaoning province. J. Clean. Prod. 2017, 153, 299–308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, W.H.; Qu, Y.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, Y. Understanding the barriers for Internet-based e-waste collection system in China. J. Environ. Plan. Manag. 2020, 63, 629–650. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Y.R. Research on the Influencing Factors of Residents’ Participation in Internet Recycling of Recyclable Resources in Beijing; Beijing University of Technology: Beijing, China, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Wei, M.F.; Luh, Y.H.; Huang, Y.H.; Chang, Y.C. Young generation’s mobile payment adoption behavior: Analysis based on an extended UTAUT model. J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 2021, 16, 618–637. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martins, C.; Oliveira, T.; Popovič, A. Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application. Int. J. Inf. Manag. 2014, 34, 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sander, K.; Schilling, S.; Naoko, T.; van Rossem, C.; Vemon, J.; George, C. The producer responsibility principle of the WEEE directive. Electron. Goes Green 2007, 21, 312–315. [Google Scholar]
- Hage, O.; Soderholm, P.; Berglund, C. Norms and economic motivation in household recycling: Empirical evidence from Sweden. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2009, 53, 155–165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jean-daniel, M.S.; Oladele, A.O.; Andrew, A.S. Willingness to engage in a pro-environmental behavior: An analysis of e-waste recycling based on a national survey of US Household. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2012, 60, 489–500. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, S.P.; Zhang, M.L.; Yu, X.Y.; Ren, H. What keeps Chinese from recycling: Accessibility of recycling facilities and the behavior. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2016, 109, 176–186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, P.J. The Analysis of Affecting Factors of College Students’ Initial Using Intention of Mobile Online Shopping; Southwestern University of Finance and Economics: Chengdu, China, 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Lee, M.C. Factors influencing the adoption of internet banking: An integration of TAM and TPB with perceived risk and perceived benefit. Electron. Commer. Res. Appl. 2009, 8, 130–141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, J.H.; Wang, S.C. What drives mobile commerce? An empirical evaluation of the revised technology acceptance model. Inf. Manag. 2005, 42, 719–729. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Min, Q.F.; Ji, S.B.; Qu, G. Mobile commerce user acceptance study in China: A revised UTAUT model. Tsinghua Sci. Technol. 2008, 13, 257–264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, W.H.; Ying, Q.; Yan, F. Developing the scale for measuring the service quality of Internet-based e-waste collection platforms. Res. Sq. 2022, 1–25. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute. White Paper on WEEE Recycling Industry in China; China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute: Beijing, China, 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Wei, J. A study on a “Internet+ Recycling” mode of WEEE. J. Hangzhou Dianzi Univ. (Soc. Sci.) 2016, 12, 18–23. [Google Scholar]
Constructs | Indicator Code | Indicators |
---|---|---|
Effort expectancy | EE1 | I think it is easy to learn to use Internet platforms for recycling. |
EE2 | I think Internet recycling is an easy thing to do. | |
EE3 | I know exactly how to recycle using the Internet platform. | |
Performance expectancy | PE1 | Using the Internet recycling platform has saved time and improved efficiency for me. |
PE2 | The Internet recycling platform provides me with timely and valuable recycling information. | |
PE3 | The Internet recycling platform has helped me a lot in my life. | |
PE4 | The Internet recycling platform provides me with personalized recycling services. | |
Social influence | SI1 | I will try the Internet recycling platform if my family, friends, or colleagues recommend it. |
SI2 | Mass media promotion would motivate me to try to use the Internet recycling platform. | |
SI3 | Support from related policies would lead me to use Internet recycling platform. | |
SI4 | Many people around me are using the Internet recycling platform. | |
Perceived risk | PR1 | I am worried that Internet recycling will disclose my personal privacy information, location information, consumption information, etc. |
PR2 | I am concerned about unreasonable charges or fraudulent spending when using Internet recycling methods. | |
PR3 | I am worried that learning Internet recycling will waste more of my time. | |
Facilitating conditions | FC1 | I have the resources needed to use the Internet recycling platform. |
FC2 | I have the knowledge needed to use the Internet recycling platform. | |
FC3 | Internet recycling is compatible with my previous recycling methods. | |
FC4 | If I have trouble using the Internet recycling platform, I can get help and guidance from someone (or a team). | |
Behavioral intentions | BI1 | I am willing to keep learning about the use of new Internet recycling platforms. |
BI2 | I would like to recommend Internet recycling to my family, friends, and colleagues. | |
Use behavior | UB1 | I often use the Internet platform to recycle waste. |
UB2 | I will continue to use the Internet recycling platform. | |
UB3 | I recommend Internet recycling to my family, friends, and colleagues. |
Administrative Regions | Permanent Population (10,000) | Percent (%) | Sample Size |
---|---|---|---|
Total | 2189.0 | 100% | 500 |
1. Capital functional core area | 181.5 | 8% | 41 |
Dongcheng District | 70.9 | 3% | 16 |
Xicheng District | 110.6 | 5% | 25 |
2. Urban function expansion area | 917.0 | 42% | 209 |
Chaoyang District | 345.1 | 16% | 79 |
Fengtai District | 201.9 | 9% | 46 |
Shijingshan District | 56.8 | 3% | 13 |
Haidian District | 313.2 | 14% | 72 |
3. New urban development area | 874.0 | 40% | 200 |
Fangshan District | 131.3 | 6% | 30 |
Tongzhou District | 184.0 | 8% | 42 |
Shunyi District | 132.4 | 6% | 30 |
Changping District | 226.9 | 10% | 52 |
Daxing District | 199.4 | 9% | 46 |
4. Ecological conservation development area | 216.5 | 10% | 49 |
Mentougou District | 39.3 | 2% | 9 |
Huairou District | 44.1 | 2% | 10 |
Pinggu District | 45.7 | 2% | 10 |
Miyun County | 52.8 | 2% | 12 |
Yanqing County | 34.6 | 2% | 8 |
Characteristic | Group | Frequency | Percentage | S.E. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 240 | 48% | 0.500 |
Female | 260 | 52% | ||
Age | <18 | 15 | 3% | 0.469 |
19–34 | 170 | 34% | ||
35–49 | 145 | 29% | ||
50–64 | 120 | 24% | ||
>65 | 50 | 10% | ||
Education | Junior high school and below | 10 | 2% | 0.563 |
High school | 60 | 12% | ||
Bachelor’s degree | 380 | 76% | ||
Master’s degree | 45 | 9% | ||
PhD | 5 | 1% |
Constructs | Indicator Code | Loadings | Cronbach’s Alpha | C.R. | AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Effort expectancy | EE1 | 0.600 | 0.802 | 0.825 | 0.620 |
EE2 | 0.955 | ||||
EE3 | 0.767 | ||||
Performance expectancy | PE1 | 0.735 | 0.805 | 0.811 | 0.519 |
PE2 | 0.759 | ||||
PE3 | 0.719 | ||||
PE4 | 0.664 | ||||
Social influence | SI1 | 0.848 | 0.803 | 0.817 | 0.529 |
SI2 | 0.695 | ||||
SI3 | 0.671 | ||||
SI4 | 0.682 | ||||
Perceived risk | PR1 | 0.730 | 0.763 | 0.770 | 0.530 |
PR2 | 0.812 | ||||
PR3 | 0.630 | ||||
Facilitating conditions | FC1 | 0.753 | 0.804 | 0.807 | 0.511 |
FC2 | 0.747 | ||||
FC3 | 0.674 | ||||
FC4 | 0.682 | ||||
Behavioral intentions | BI1 | 0.676 | 0.703 | 0.697 | 0.537 |
BI2 | 0.785 | ||||
Use behavior | UB1 | 0.665 | 0.761 | 0.771 | 0.531 |
UB2 | 0.795 | ||||
UB3 | 0.720 |
Fit Index | Reference Value | Model Value | Hypothesized Model Fit |
---|---|---|---|
CMIN/DF | <3 (Perfect) [45] <5 (Good) [46] | 1.891 | Yes |
GFI | >0.9 [47] | 0.916 | Yes |
IFI | >0.9 [48] | 0.946 | Yes |
CFI | >0.95 (Perfect) >0.90 (Good) [49] | 0.945 | Yes |
RMSEA | <0.05 (Perfect) <0.08 (Good) [50] | 0.050 | Yes |
PNFI | >0.5 [51] | 0.736 | Yes |
Hypothesis | Path | S.E. | C.R. | p | Result | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | BI | <--- | EE | 0.054 | −0.392 | 0.695 | Not supported |
H2 | BI | <--- | PE | 0.071 | 6.785 | 0.000 *** | Supported |
H3 | BI | <--- | SI | 0.047 | 3.19 | 0.01 ** | Supported |
H4 | BI | <--- | PR | 0.025 | −1.752 | 0.08 | Not supported |
H5 | UB | <--- | BI | 0.056 | 3.504 | 0.000 *** | Supported |
H6 | UB | <--- | FC | 0.124 | 9.317 | 0.000 *** | Supported |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Liu, T.; Zheng, Z.; Wen, Z.; Wu, S.; Liu, Y.; Cao, J.; Weng, Z. Factors Influencing Residents’ Behavior in Internet Recycling: From the Perspective of the Adoption of New Technology. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6166. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19106166
Liu T, Zheng Z, Wen Z, Wu S, Liu Y, Cao J, Weng Z. Factors Influencing Residents’ Behavior in Internet Recycling: From the Perspective of the Adoption of New Technology. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(10):6166. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19106166
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Tingting, Zichen Zheng, Zhichao Wen, Shangyun Wu, Yaru Liu, Jing Cao, and Zhixiong Weng. 2022. "Factors Influencing Residents’ Behavior in Internet Recycling: From the Perspective of the Adoption of New Technology" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10: 6166. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19106166