The Relationship between Parent–Child Attachment, Belief in a Just World, School Climate and Cyberbullying: A Moderated Mediation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Relationship between Parent–Child Attachment and Cyberbullying
1.2. Relationship between PCA, Belief in a Just World and Cyberbullying
1.3. The Role of School Climate
1.4. Gender and Cyberbullying
1.5. Research Hypotheses
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.2.1. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment
2.2.2. Cyberbullying Inventory
2.2.3. Belief in a Just World Scale (BJWS)
2.2.4. School Climate Scale
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Common Method Bias
3.2. Descriptive Statistics and Correlation among Variables
3.3. Testing the Mediating Role of BJW and the Moderating Role of School Climate
4. Discussion
4.1. Middle School Students’ Cyberbullying Behaviors
4.2. The Relationship between PCA, BJW and Cyberbullying
4.3. The Moderating Role of School Climate
4.4. Limitations and Implications
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- In conclusion, PCA was significantly and negatively correlated with cyberbullying after controlling for gender and age.
- (2)
- After the inclusion of BJW, PCA was no longer significantly associated with cyberbullying. That is, BJW significantly mediated the relationship between PCA and cyberbullying.
- (3)
- When incorporating school climate in the mediation model, school climate significantly moderated the second half of the mediation model from BJW to cyberbullying, thus providing empirical evidence for the protective effect of school climate on cyberbullying under low levels of BJW.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Males (n = 369) | Females (n = 337) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | t | Sig. (Two-Tailed) | |
Cyberbullying | 1.11 | 0.24 | 1.06 | 0.1 | 3.56 | 0.001 |
PCA | 3.56 | 0.74 | 3.53 | 0.92 | 0.43 | 0.668 |
BJW | 3.32 | 0.69 | 3.35 | 0.7 | −0.73 | 0.464 |
School climate | 2.83 | 0.44 | 2.94 | 0.44 | −3.29 | 0.001 |
Variables | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Dummy code gender | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
2. Age | 12.910 | 0.975 | 0.099 ** | 1 | ||||
3. Cyberbullying | 1.083 | 0.191 | 0.129 ** | 0.185 ** | 1 | |||
4. PCA | 3.545 | 0.829 | 0.016 | −0.192 ** | −0.139 ** | 1 | ||
5. BJW | 3.334 | 0.698 | −0.028 | −0.066 | −0.270 ** | 0.456 ** | 1 | |
6. School climate | 2.883 | 0.445 | −0.123 ** | −0.170 ** | −0.257 ** | 0.466 ** | 0.496 ** | 1 |
Result Variable | Predictors | β | SE | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
BJW | Gender | 0.01 | 0.04 | =0.83 |
Age | 0.04 | 0.02 | =0.10 | |
PCA | 0.30 | 0.17 | =0.08 | |
School climate | 0.64 | 0.21 | =0.002 | |
PCA × School climate | −0.02 | 0.06 | =0.76 | |
R2 | 0.31 | 0.33 | <0.001 |
Result Variable | Predictors | β | SE | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cyberbullying | Gender | 0.04 | 0.01 | =0.006 |
Age | 0.03 | 0.01 | =0.0001 | |
PCA | 0.07 | 0.06 | =0.23 | |
School climate | −0.36 | 0.07 | <0.001 | |
PCA × School climate | −0.02 | 0.02 | 0.29 | |
BJW | −0.38 | 0.07 | <0.001 | |
BJW × School climate | 0.12 | 0.02 | <0.001 | |
R2 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
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Li, S.; Wang, X.; Nie, Y. The Relationship between Parent–Child Attachment, Belief in a Just World, School Climate and Cyberbullying: A Moderated Mediation. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 6207. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19106207
Li S, Wang X, Nie Y. The Relationship between Parent–Child Attachment, Belief in a Just World, School Climate and Cyberbullying: A Moderated Mediation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(10):6207. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19106207
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Shengnan, Xiaoxian Wang, and Yangang Nie. 2022. "The Relationship between Parent–Child Attachment, Belief in a Just World, School Climate and Cyberbullying: A Moderated Mediation" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 10: 6207. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijerph19106207