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Hematol. Rep., Volume 14, Issue 1 (March 2022) – 9 articles

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7 pages, 2033 KiB  
Article
Neuroimaging Findings in Pediatric Patients with Thalassemia Major
by Yılmaz Akbaş, Sultan Aydın, Gökçen Öz Tunçer, Alper Köker, Yasemin Çoban, Gönül Oktay and Hakan Yeral
Hematol. Rep. 2022, 14(1), 54-60; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hematolrep14010009 - 21 Mar 2022
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Abstract
Background: Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies about iron accumulation in children with thalassemia major are quite limited. Aim: This study aimed to detect neurological findings with cranial MRIs in the pediatric patients with thalassemia major who did not develop any neurological complications. [...] Read more.
Background: Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies about iron accumulation in children with thalassemia major are quite limited. Aim: This study aimed to detect neurological findings with cranial MRIs in the pediatric patients with thalassemia major who did not develop any neurological complications. Materials and Methods: Pediatric patients with thalassemia major who followed in the Pediatric Hematology Unit between 1 July 2017 and 1 January 2019 were included in the study. The patients underwent cranial MRI scans. Results: A total of 30 patients were included. The median age was 15 (range from 4–18) years old. We found that 7 patients had a splenectomy and 19 of the remaining 23 patients had splenomegaly. In addition, 13 of the patients had hepatomegaly, 10 had skeletal deformities, and 17 had growth retardation. The mean ferritin level was 3772.3 ± 2524.8. We detected various pathologies on cranial MRI images of 10 (33.3%) patients. In 3 of these patients, millimeter-sized ischemia-compatible lesions were found in the cerebral white matter, which did not fit any arterial area, and 5 patients had hyperintense lesions in the basal ganglia. Conclusion: Our study is valuable since 1/3 of our pediatric patients with thalassemia major were detected with intracranial pathology. Full article
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9 pages, 538 KiB  
Case Report
Outcomes of the Pregnancies with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Era and Literature Review
by Dan Ran Castillo, Daniel Park, Akhil Mehta, Simmer Kaur, Anthony Nguyen and Mojtaba Akhtari
Hematol. Rep. 2022, 14(1), 45-53; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hematolrep14010008 - 20 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4500
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that accounts for 10% of pregnancy-associated leukemias. The Philadelphia chromosome balanced translocation, t (9:22) (q34; q11.2), is the classic mutation seen in CML. The BCR-ABL oncoprotein encoded by this mutation is a constitutively [...] Read more.
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) that accounts for 10% of pregnancy-associated leukemias. The Philadelphia chromosome balanced translocation, t (9:22) (q34; q11.2), is the classic mutation seen in CML. The BCR-ABL oncoprotein encoded by this mutation is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is considered a first-line treatment for CML. However, the literature has revealed risks of teratogenicity with TKI therapy during pregnancy. Understanding the risks and benefits of TKI therapy and alternative therapies such as interferon-alpha (IFN-α) will help clinicians and pregnant patients develop a personalized CML treatment plan. This manuscript presents a case series detailing the management of five pregnancies in two pregnant patients with CML and a literature review of CML management in pregnancy. Full article
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7 pages, 1207 KiB  
Case Report
Challenging Diagnosis of Pure Erythroid Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review
by Shingo Sato, Masayuki Kobayashi, Ken Suzaki, Ittoku Nanke and Nobuharu Kosugi
Hematol. Rep. 2022, 14(1), 38-44; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hematolrep14010007 - 19 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2323
Abstract
Pure erythroid leukemia (PEL) is an extremely rare type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), accounting for fewer than 1% of all AML cases. A 72-year-old man presented with severe fatigue. His bone marrow aspiration contained myeloperoxidase negative abnormal cells that were aggregating and [...] Read more.
Pure erythroid leukemia (PEL) is an extremely rare type of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), accounting for fewer than 1% of all AML cases. A 72-year-old man presented with severe fatigue. His bone marrow aspiration contained myeloperoxidase negative abnormal cells that were aggregating and depicting epithelial adhesion, suggesting the possibility of solid tumor metastasis. His general condition deteriorated during medical diagnosis, and he died soon after starting chemotherapy. PEL appeared to be the definitive diagnosis after evaluating the histopathological findings, which were obtained after his death. With atypical morphological features, immunophenotypic and karyotypic approaches must be integrated for PEL assessment. Full article
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7 pages, 1443 KiB  
Case Report
Challenges in Diagnosis and Clinical Management of COVID-19 in Patient with B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Report of One Case
by Vincenzo Visco, Maria Enrichetta Lippi, Gerardo Salerno, Maria Angela Vittoria A. C. Licata, Chiara de Dominicis, Giusy Antolino, Giacinto La Verde, Iolanda Santino, Maurizio Simmaco and Salvatore Sciacchitano
Hematol. Rep. 2022, 14(1), 31-37; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hematolrep14010006 - 17 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1709
Abstract
We report here a case of a patient affected by B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that developed COVID-19 during the actual SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The coexistence of CLL and COVID-19 raises many questions regarding the possible increased risk of developing COVID-19 among patients with [...] Read more.
We report here a case of a patient affected by B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that developed COVID-19 during the actual SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The coexistence of CLL and COVID-19 raises many questions regarding the possible increased risk of developing COVID-19 among patients with CLL, the problems in managing therapies for both diseases and, above all, the difficulties in diagnosing COVID-19 in patients affected by CLL. In our patient, an 84-year-old man, the recognition of COVID-19 was delayed because of its atypical clinical presentation and technical problems related to the methods used for the diagnosis. Based on the symptoms and the radiological aspect of the lung, the occurrence of COVID-19 was suspected. Repeated tests on oro/nasopharyngeal swabs gave negative results, causing a delay in the diagnosis. Moreover, different methods used to identify the SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum gave conflicting results, and only two tests were able to identify SARS-CoV-2 Abs of the IgG type. During the clinical course of unrecognized COVID-19, our patient developed severe complications and did not receive any specific treatment for the two diseases. Recognition of COVID-19 in patients with CLL is a challenging task and the most accurate methods are necessary to overcome the diagnostic difficulties encountered. Full article
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7 pages, 392 KiB  
Article
Blood Group Type Association with Head and Neck Cancer
by Gaube Alexandra, Michire Alexandru, Calangiu Filip Stefan, Draghia Petruta-Maria, Burlacu Mihnea Gabriel, Georgescu Dragos-Eugen and Georgescu Mihai Teodor
Hematol. Rep. 2022, 14(1), 24-30; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hematolrep14010005 - 02 Mar 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2603
Abstract
Background: We conducted an analysis to check whether the ABO blood group impacts the susceptibility or protection against different types of head and neck cancers. Method: We analyzed the medical records of 61,899 cancer patients from “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology [...] Read more.
Background: We conducted an analysis to check whether the ABO blood group impacts the susceptibility or protection against different types of head and neck cancers. Method: We analyzed the medical records of 61,899 cancer patients from “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology from Bucharest, along with the corresponding blood group type. Data were scraped using Python. For analysis, we used Chi-square test. Results: The blood group count was A (245, 45.12%) followed by 0 (160, 24.66%), B (110, 20.26%), and AB (28, 5.16%). Hypopharyngeal cancer was associated with B group, oral cavity cancer was associated with a lower risk in patients with B group while AB patients had a higher risk for oral cavity cancer (χ2 = 36.136, df = 18, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Blood group B is associated with an increased incidence for hypopharyngeal cancer, whereas, for the oral cavity, was associated lower incidence. Blood antigen A is associated with a higher risk of oral cavity cancer development, independent of B blood antigen. Full article
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5 pages, 5385 KiB  
Case Report
Joint Pain and Arthritis as First Clinical Manifestation of Systemic Amyloidosis and Multiple Myeloma: Case Report and Brief Literature Review
by Francesco Mazziotta, Gabriele Buda, Maria Livia Del Giudice, Enrico Orciuolo, Edoardo Benedetti, Matilde Masini, Vincenzo De Tata, Sara Galimberti and Mario Petrini
Hematol. Rep. 2022, 14(1), 19-23; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hematolrep14010004 - 02 Mar 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2555
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a rare disease that is often seen in conjunction with multiple myeloma (MM). Its damage varies depending on the anatomical site affected; however, it is believed that many cases of amyloidosis are misrecognized due to the fact that its signs and [...] Read more.
Amyloidosis is a rare disease that is often seen in conjunction with multiple myeloma (MM). Its damage varies depending on the anatomical site affected; however, it is believed that many cases of amyloidosis are misrecognized due to the fact that its signs and symptoms are nonspecific. Joint amyloidosis, in particular, may be confused with degenerative or autoimmune diseases. When it is associated with MM, it can significantly precede the diagnosis of the latter. We describe a case report of a woman of Nigerian heritage diagnosed with MM with widespread joint manifestations compatible with a diagnosis of amyloidosis, which had preceded the diagnosis of MM and benefited from MM treatment. Faced with the suspicion of amyloidosis, if confirmed, this can be used to anticipate the diagnosis of MM, and at a more advanced stage, it can benefit from the treatment of the MM. Full article
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6 pages, 772 KiB  
Article
Detection of Red Blood Cell Membrane Proteins in Myelodysplastic Syndromes Using Eosin-5-Maleimide (EMA) Staining by Flow Cytometry
by Navavee Uman, Sirorat Kobbuaklee, Patsita Kansuwan, Phandee Watanaboonyongcharoen and Chantana Polprasert
Hematol. Rep. 2022, 14(1), 13-18; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hematolrep14010003 - 28 Feb 2022
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Abstract
Background: Eosin-5-Maleimide (EMA)-based flow cytometry binds to red blood cell (RBC) membrane-associated proteins which can be used to detect red blood cell (RBC) membrane disorders. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are stem cell disorders resulting in ineffective hematopoiesis which is commonly present with anemia and [...] Read more.
Background: Eosin-5-Maleimide (EMA)-based flow cytometry binds to red blood cell (RBC) membrane-associated proteins which can be used to detect red blood cell (RBC) membrane disorders. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are stem cell disorders resulting in ineffective hematopoiesis which is commonly present with anemia and erythroid dysplasia. Objectives: We aimed to study RBC membrane defects in MDS using flow cytometry for EMA staining. Methods: We enrolled anemic patients who were diagnosed with low-risk MDS (R-IPSS score ≤ 3.5), RBC membrane disorders [hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and Southeast Asian ovalocytosis (SAO)], and normal controls. Complete blood count (CBC) and flow cytometry for EMA staining were performed. Results: There were 16 cases of low-risk MDS, 6 cases of RBC membrane disorders, and 15 control cases. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of EMA binding test in the RBC membrane disorders was significantly lower than controls (17.6 vs. 24.3, p < 0.001), but the EMA binding test in the low-risk MDS was not significantly different than the controls (26.5 vs. 24.3, p = 0.08). Conclusion: the RBC membrane defect in low-risk MDS was not demonstrated as having detection ability using EMA binding test with flow cytometry. Full article
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11 pages, 407 KiB  
Article
COVID-19 in Patients with Transfusion Dependent Thalassemia (TDT) in Indonesia: Characteristics of the Disease and Patients, and Comparison between Epidemiological Data for COVID-19 and Thalassemia in Indonesia and Southeast Asia
by Tubagus Djumhana Atmakusuma
Hematol. Rep. 2022, 14(1), 2-12; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hematolrep14010002 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2362
Abstract
Background: People living with transfusion dependent thalassemia have a high risk of becoming infected with COVID-19. This can be caused by both internal factors, namely the formation of alloantibodies and autoimmune disorder, and external factors such as routine visits for blood transfusions. Chronic [...] Read more.
Background: People living with transfusion dependent thalassemia have a high risk of becoming infected with COVID-19. This can be caused by both internal factors, namely the formation of alloantibodies and autoimmune disorder, and external factors such as routine visits for blood transfusions. Chronic complications of thalassemia also render them more vulnerable to infectious diseases, including COVID-19. However, anecdotal data shows that thalassemia patients experience less incidence of COVID-19 compared to the general population. Purpose: This study aims to find the correlation between COVID-19 in thalassemia-dependent transfusion patients in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. Patients and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at the Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology of the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in Jakarta from May 2020–August 2021. The total sampling method was used involving all thalassemia major patients who had been infected with COVID-19 (obtained directly from medical record and through the thalassemia patients-parents foundation). Results: From 10,397 patients with thalassemia, 67 (0.64%) people were infected by COVID-19 and 2 (2.9%) were deceased. Meanwhile, the incidence of COVID-19 in the general population of Indonesia was 0.87% (more than in the thalassemia population). This means that thalassemia might provide additional protection against COVID-19 due to several mechanisms. This phenomenon has also been seen in other countries with a high prevalence of thalassemia, wherein there are less COVID-19 cases despite the pandemic. On the contrary, countries with low rates of thalassemia had experienced deadly surges of the pandemic. Conclusion: Indonesia and other countries with a high prevalence of thalassemia have lower COVID-19 incidence than countries with low prevalence of thalassemia. Thalassemia might provide additional protection against COVID-19. Well-designed studies are needed to provide better evidence on the protective effect of thalassemia on COVID-19. Full article
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1 pages, 168 KiB  
Editorial
Publisher’s Note: A New Chapter for Hematology Reports—Continued Publication by MDPI
by Liliane Auwerter
Hematol. Rep. 2022, 14(1), 1; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hematolrep14010001 - 30 Jan 2022
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Abstract
Hematology Reports published its first volume in 2009, which included 10 publications: 8 original articles and 2 reviews [...] Full article
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