Spatio-Temporal Features of China’s Urban Fires: An Investigation with Reference to Gross Domestic Product and Humidity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area and Data
3. Methods
3.1. Spatial Autocorrelation Model(Moran’s I Model)
3.2. Selecting Incident-Inducing Factors of Fire Accidents
Lags | Null Hypotheses | F Stat. | Prob. | Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | H is not the Granger cause of F | 9.42 | 0.01 | rejected |
T is not the Granger cause of F | 0.73 | 0.41 | accepted | |
G is not the Granger cause of F | 9.45 | 0.00 | rejected | |
2 | H is not the Granger cause of F | 2.39 | 0.16 | accepted |
T is not the Granger cause of F | 0.73 | 0.52 | accepted | |
G is not the Granger cause of F | 2.57 | 0.15 | accepted |
3.3. Fire-GDP-Humidity Model (FGHM)
3.4. Co-Integration Test of Each Index in FGHM
3.5. The Fire-Space Dynamic Model
4. Result Analysis
4.1. The Spatio-Temporal Features of China Fires
2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moran’I | −0.02 | 0 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0 | −0.01 | −0.02 | −0.01 | −0.04 |
Z | −1.44 | 0.17 | 4.99 ** | 2.32 * | 0.47 | −0.58 | −0.97 | −0.2 | −2.38 * |
Year | HH | HL | LH | LL |
---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 47 | 6 | 4 | 33 |
2001 | 43 | 5 | 4 | 52 |
2002 | 43 | 3 | 3 | 49 |
2003 | 40 | 7 | 3 | 24 |
2004 | 40 | 4 | 4 | 32 |
2005 | 41 | 7 | 4 | 13 |
2006 | 35 | 8 | 2 | 15 |
2007 | 18 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
2008 | 21 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
2009 | 17 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
4.2. The Influence of GDP and Humidity
4.3. The Spatio-Temporal Regulation of China’s Urban Fires
5. Conclusions and Discussion
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, Z.; Zhang, X.; Xu, B. Spatio-Temporal Features of China’s Urban Fires: An Investigation with Reference to Gross Domestic Product and Humidity. Sustainability 2015, 7, 9734-9752. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su7079734
Wang Z, Zhang X, Xu B. Spatio-Temporal Features of China’s Urban Fires: An Investigation with Reference to Gross Domestic Product and Humidity. Sustainability. 2015; 7(7):9734-9752. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su7079734
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Zhenbo, Xiaorui Zhang, and Bo Xu. 2015. "Spatio-Temporal Features of China’s Urban Fires: An Investigation with Reference to Gross Domestic Product and Humidity" Sustainability 7, no. 7: 9734-9752. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/su7079734