Variations in the Shades of Contemporary Dental Ceramics: An In Vitro Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Selection of Materials and Sample Size Calculation
2.2. Specimen Preparation
2.3. Thermocycling of Specimens
2.4. Color Measurement of the Specimens
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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S. No. | Group | Material | Trade Name | Manufacturer | Lot Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | MC | Metal | Starbond easy powder 30 | Scheftner dental alloys, S&S Scheftner GmbH, Germany | 0223060919 |
Ceramic | IPS InLine Dentin | Ivoclar Vivadent AG Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein | A1 = W39158; B1 = W40241; C1 = R71757 | ||
2. | Emax-P | Pressable ceramic | IPS e.max Press | Ivoclar Vivadent AG Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein | A1 = Y05769 B1 = Y44299; C1 = 605274 |
3. | Emax-L | Pressable | IPS e.max Press | Ivoclar Vivadent AG Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein | A1 = Y05769 B1 = Y44299; C1 = 605274 |
Ceramic layer | IPS InLine Dentin | Ivoclar Vivadent AG Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein | A1 = W39158; B1 = W40241; C1 = R71757 | ||
4. | Zr-L | Zirconia core | ZI, LT, Zolid * CAD/CAM material | Amann Girrbach, Koblach, Austria | 1905001 |
Layering ceramic | IPS Inline Dentin | Ivoclar Vivadent AG Schaan, Principality of Liechtenstein | A1 = W39158; B1 = W40241; C1 = R71757 | ||
5. | Zr-M | Zirconia block | Zolid gen-x *CAD/CAM material | Amann Girrbach, Koblach, Austria | 1905001 |
Frame shade | Dying liquid | 3M ESPE, MN 55,144 USA | A1 = 68346 B1 = 68574 C1 = 68579 |
Ceramic | A1 | B1 | C1 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L* | a* | b* | L* | a* | b* | L* | a* | b* | |
MC (n = 33) | 67.90 (1.27) | 1.27 (0.27) | 12.89 (0.58) | 75.92 (0.74) | −46 (0.15) | 11.93 (0.38) | 72.56 (0.59) | 42 (0.46) | 14.31 (1.02) |
Emax-P (n = 33) | 68.13 (0.46) | −1.24 (0.09) | 4.75 (0.17) | 0.62.00 (1.15) | −1.49 (0.22) | 6.84 (1.11) | 54.66 (1.64) | −72 (0.32) | 6.65 (1.46) |
Emax-L (n = 33) | 64.45 (1.07) | −1.87 (0.18) | 6.16 (1.19) | 61.82 (1.42) | −1.18 (0.30) | 5.90 (1.16) | 60.69 (1.31) | −75 (0.26) | 8.29 (1.12) |
Zr-L (n = 33) | 79.87 (0.18) | −2.20 (0.09) | 6.68 (0.39) | 65.55 (1.35) | −54 (0.34) | 8.75 (1.06) | 64.12 (0.83) | −34 (0.22) | 9.73 (0.69) |
Zr-M (n = 33) | 62.92 (1.28) | −2.20 (0.31) | 80 (0.81) | 70.65 (0.54) | −1.01 (0.31) | 9.34 (0.90) | 68.68 (0.44) | −90 (0.37) | 11.18 (0.81) |
Shade | Ceramic (n = 11/Group) | Mean | Std. Deviation | 95% Confidence Interval for Mean | ANOVA p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | |||||
A1 | MC | 69.12 | 1.34 | 68.22 | 70.03 | 0.000 |
Emax-P | 68.30 | 0.46 | 67.99 | 68.62 | ||
Emax-L | 64.78 | 1.13 | 64.02 | 65.55 | ||
Zr-L | 80.18 | 0.20 | 80.04 | 80.32 | ||
Zr-M | 62.97 | 1.28 | 62.10 | 63.83 | ||
B1 | MC | 76.85 | 0.78 | 76.32 | 77.38 | 0.000 |
Emax-P | 62.40 | 1.26 | 61.55 | 63.25 | ||
Emax-L | 62.13 | 1.49 | 61.12 | 63.13 | ||
Zr-L | 66.15 | 1.28 | 65.28 | 67.01 | ||
Zr-M | 71.28 | 0.60 | 70.87 | 71.69 | ||
C1 | MC | 73.96 | 0.67 | 73.51 | 74.42 | 0.000 |
Emax-P | 55.09 | 1.76 | 53.90 | 56.27 | ||
Emax-L | 61.26 | 1.42 | 60.30 | 62.22 | ||
Zr-L | 64.86 | 0.78 | 64.33 | 65.39 | ||
Zr-M | 69.59 | 0.41 | 69.31 | 69.87 |
Shade | Ceramic (n = 11/Group) | Mean | Std. Deviation | 95% Confidence Interval for Mean | ANOVA p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | |||||
A1 | MC | 0.80 | 0.58 | 0.41 | 1.19 | 0.000 |
Emax-P | 0.54 | 0.26 | 0.36 | 0.72 | ||
Emax-L | 2.99 | 1.64 | 1.88 | 4.10 | ||
Zr-L | 0.35 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.46 | ||
Zr-M | 2.18 | 1.16 | 1.39 | 2.97 | ||
B1 | MC | 0.57 | 0.40 | 0.29 | 0.85 | 0.002 |
Emax-P | 3.50 | 1.74 | 2.33 | 4.68 | ||
Emax-L | 2.85 | 1.47 | 1.86 | 3.84 | ||
Zr-L | 1.16 | 0.97 | 1.50 | 2.81 | ||
Zr-M | 1.51 | 0.98 | 0.85 | 2.18 | ||
C1 | MC | 0.58 | 0.45 | 0.27 | 0.88 | 0.000 |
Emax-P | 4.46 | 2.42 | 2.83 | 6.09 | ||
Emax-L | 2.46 | 1.36 | 1.54 | 3.38 | ||
Zr-L | 1.28 | 0.58 | 1.08 | 1.86 | ||
Zr-M | 1.47 | 0.54 | 00.91 | 1.64 |
Vita Shade Tab | Ceramics | Mean Differences | Significance | 95% Confidence Interval | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
A1 | MC | −8.44572 * | 0.000 | −9.6422 | −7.2493 |
Emax-P | −7.62453 * | 0.000 | −8.8210 | −6.4281 | |
Emax-L | −4.10439 * | 0.000 | −5.3008 | −2.9079 | |
Zr-L | −19.50069 * | 0.000 | −20.6971 | −18.3042 | |
Zr-M | −2.28638 * | 0.000 | −3.4828 | −1.0899 | |
B1 | MC | −16.92167 * | 0.000 | −18.5426 | −15.3008 |
Emax-P | −2.47386 * | 0.000 | −4.0948 | −0.8529 | |
Emax-L | −2.19756 * | 0.002 | −3.8185 | −0.5766 | |
Zr-L | −6.22041 * | 0.000 | −7.8413 | −4.5995 | |
Zr-M | −11.35240 * | 0.000 | −12.9733 | −9.7315 | |
C1 | MC | −17.75168 * | 00.000 | −19.2432 | −16.2601 |
Emax-P | 1.12433 | 0.245 | −0.3672 | 2.6159 | |
Emax-L | −5.05308 * | 0.000 | −6.5446 | −3.5615 | |
Zr-L | −8.64927 * | 0.000 | −10.1408 | −7.1577 | |
Zr-M | −13.38383 * | 0.000 | −14.8754 | −11.8923 |
Vita Shade Tab | Ceramics | Mean Differences | Significance | 95% Confidence Interval | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||
A1 | MC | 0.57773 | 0.694 | −.5923 | 1.7478 |
Emax-P | 0.83711 | 0.298 | −0.3329 | 2.0072 | |
Emax-L | −1.60877 * | 0.002 | −2.7788 | −0.4387 | |
Zr-L | 1.03615 | 0.111 | −0.1339 | 2.2062 | |
Zr-M | −0.79908 | 0.349 | −1.9691 | 0.3710 | |
B1 | MC | 4.57018 * | 0.001 | 1.4156 | 7.7247 |
Emax-P | 1.63513 | 0.649 | −1.5194 | 4.7897 | |
Emax-L | 2.28642 | 0.284 | −0.8681 | 5.4410 | |
Zr-L | 2.98210 | 0.074 | −0.1724 | 6.1366 | |
Zr-M | 3.62593 * | 0.015 | 0.4714 | 6.7805 | |
C1 | MC | 2.43905 * | 0.000 | 0.8504 | 4.0277 |
Emax-P | −1.44388 | 0.095 | −3.0325 | 0.1448 | |
Emax-L | 0.55333 | 0.908 | −1.0353 | 2.1420 | |
Zr-L | 1.54552 | 0.061 | −0.0431 | 3.1342 | |
Zr-M | 1.73525 * | 0.024 | 0.1466 | 3.3239 |
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Habib, S.R.; Rashoud, A.S.A.; Safhi, T.A.; Almajed, A.H.; Alnafisah, H.A.; Bajunaid, S.O.; Alqahtani, A.S.; Alqahtani, M. Variations in the Shades of Contemporary Dental Ceramics: An In Vitro Analysis. Crystals 2021, 11, 1288. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst11111288
Habib SR, Rashoud ASA, Safhi TA, Almajed AH, Alnafisah HA, Bajunaid SO, Alqahtani AS, Alqahtani M. Variations in the Shades of Contemporary Dental Ceramics: An In Vitro Analysis. Crystals. 2021; 11(11):1288. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst11111288
Chicago/Turabian StyleHabib, Syed Rashid, Abdulaziz Saud Al Rashoud, Turki Ali Safhi, Abdulrahman Hamad Almajed, Hamad Ali Alnafisah, Salwa Omar Bajunaid, Abdulaziz S. Alqahtani, and Mohammed Alqahtani. 2021. "Variations in the Shades of Contemporary Dental Ceramics: An In Vitro Analysis" Crystals 11, no. 11: 1288. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/cryst11111288