Optimal Fall Protection System Selection Using a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Construction Sites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Fall Protection in the Construction Industry
2.2. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Models (MCDM) in Construction Industry
3. Methodology
3.1. Fall Protection Plan Decision-Making Model
3.1.1. Evaluate Construction Fall Protection System Alternatives Using AHP
Safety Effectiveness
Implementation Feasibility
Construction Productivity
Economy
3.1.2. Hierarchy of the Fall Protection System Decision-Making Problem Model Structure
3.1.3. Judgement of Relative Importance
3.1.4. Checking of Consistency
3.1.5. Weighting Score Calculation
3.2. Fuzzy TOPSIS-Based Decision-Making Model for Construction Fall Protection Systems
3.2.1. Calculation of the Normalized Decision Matrix
3.2.2. Generation of Weighted Normalized Fuzzy Decision Matrix
3.2.3. TOPSIS-Based Evaluation
4. Case Study
4.1. Determination of the Criteria Weights Using AHP in the Fall Protection System Decision-Making Model
4.2. Performance Evaluation Using Fuzzy MCDM Model in the Construction Project
5. Discussion
5.1. Result Analysis for the Fuzzy MCDM Model
5.2. Sensitivity Analysis of the Weight Changes of Criteria on the Fall Protection Decision-Making Results
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Criterion | Sub-Criterion | Definition |
---|---|---|
Safety effectiveness | Equipment appropriateness | Selection of appropriate fall protection equipment according to the task features and installation conditions on the jobsite [11,27,40,58,59,60]. |
End-user stability | User stability on platform surface or construction components using protection system [11,61]. | |
Protection to user | Protect workers from fall hazard area [11,16,29,58,59,62]. | |
Passivity | The protection should be passive and does not need workers’ operation and participation after the system is installed [16,29]. | |
Implementation feasibility | Simplicity | The protection plan should be easy to implement using common resources and not difficult to understand [16,29,58,62]. |
Aesthetics | The appearance of the construction structure after the protection system is installed [16,58]. | |
Effort needed before installation | The need for extra effort to install the protection equipment if working near fall hazard area [58]. | |
Flexibility | The applicability of protection system that is being applied to various task conditions and different phases of construction [29,63]. | |
Construction productivity | Labor productivity of executing tasks | Productivity of work crews and labor performance using the protection system [29,58,64]. |
Ergonomic comfort of workers | Ergonomic risk and posture comfort of worker crews [29,65,66]. | |
Efficiency of installation | Working efficiency of labor crews during the protection equipment installation [16,29,62]. | |
Economy | Cost of protection system | The purchase or hire cost of protection system package [16,29,40]. |
Cost of system installation and removal | The installation cost of protection equipment/system and additional cost of equipment dismantling and removal [16]. | |
Maintenance and repair cost | Maintenance and repair cost of the equipment applied [11,16]. |
Relative Importance | Definition |
---|---|
1 | Criteria i and j are equally important. |
3 | Criterion i is moderately more important than criterion j. |
5 | Criterion i is significantly more important than criterion j. |
7 | Criterion i is strongly more important than criterion j. |
9 | Criterion i is absolutely more important than criterion j. |
Fall Protection System Type | Illustration | Feature Description |
---|---|---|
(a) Guardrail system | Guardrail systems are used on work surfaces, including rooftops, scaffolds, platforms, etc., which effectively prevent workers from falling onto a lower level [71]. | |
(b) Warning line system | Warning line system is one type of passive falling prevention measures, and can effectively reduce falling risk of workers on the jobsite [71]. | |
(c) Personal fall arrest system | The fall arrest system can arrest a fall without causing serious injuries to the victim, which means the system must limit the impact forces on the body to a value below the injury threshold of internal organs and must prevent damage to the spine [66]. | |
(d) Travel restraint system | The travel restraint system consists of a body support, a lanyard, and an anchorage connector. The system can prevent the user from reaching the location where he/she may fall. The lanyard must be shorter than the distance between the anchorage point and the hazard area edge [66]. | |
(e) Hole covering | Hole covering measure is effective in preventing workers from falling into holes onsite, which is easy to implement. |
Fall Protection Alternative | Selected Type for Each Work Area | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Work Area Number | |||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
Alternative 1 | a | c | d | b | d | b, c | b, c | c | b, d |
Alternative 2 | a | c | d | a | b | a, e | a, c | b | b, d |
Alternative 3 | c | d | c | d | d | a, e | a, c | c | a, d |
Alternative 4 | c | c | c | d | d | b, c | b, c | c | a, d |
Respondent No. | Title | Working Experience |
---|---|---|
Expert 1 | Construction planner | 10 |
Expert 2 | OHS expert | 15 |
Expert 3 | Construction safety expert | 18 |
Expert 4 | Construction manager | 10 |
Expert 5 | Construction supervisor | 11 |
Expert 6 | Construction worker | 8 |
Expert 7 | Operation manager | 10 |
Expert 8 | Cost manager | 9 |
Linguistic Terms | Corresponding Triangular Fuzzy Number |
---|---|
Very low (VL) | (0,0,1) |
Low (L) | (0,1,3) |
Medium low (ML) | (1,3,5) |
Fair (F) | (3,5,7) |
Medium high (MH) | (5,7,9) |
High (H) | (7,9,10) |
Very high (VH) | (9,10,10) |
Criteria | Triangular Fuzzy Numbers Obtained from Each Respondent (Ri) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | |
Equipment appropriateness | (1, 3, 5) | (3, 5, 7) | (1, 3, 5) | (0, 1, 3) | (1, 3, 5) | (3, 5, 7) | (1, 3, 5) | (0, 1, 3) |
End-user stability | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 10) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 10) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) |
Protection to user | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 10) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (3, 5, 7) | (3, 5, 7) |
Passivity | (1, 3, 5) | (3, 5, 7) | (1, 3, 5) | (0, 1, 3) | (1, 3, 5) | (3, 5, 7) | (1, 3, 5) | (3, 5, 7) |
Simplicity | (1, 3, 5) | (3, 5, 7) | (0, 1, 3) | (1, 3, 5) | (3, 5, 7) | (1, 3, 5) | (1, 3, 5) | (3, 5, 7) |
Aesthetics | (1, 3, 5) | (0, 1, 3) | (1, 3, 5) | (1, 3, 5) | (1, 3, 5) | (0, 1, 3) | (1, 3, 5) | (3, 5, 7) |
Effort needed before installation | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 10) | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 10) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) |
Flexibility | (1, 3, 5) | (0, 1, 3) | (1, 3, 5) | (3, 5, 7) | (1, 3, 5) | (3, 5, 7) | (1, 3, 5) | (1, 3, 5) |
Labor productivity | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 10) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) |
Ergonomic comfort of workers | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 10) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) |
Efficiency of installation | (0, 1, 3) | (1, 3, 5) | (1, 3, 5) | (3, 5, 7) | (1, 3, 5) | (1, 3, 5) | (0, 1, 3) | (0, 1, 3) |
Cost of protection system | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 10) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 10) | (5, 7, 9) |
Cost of installation and removal | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) |
Maintenance and repair cost | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (7, 9, 10) | (5, 7, 9) | (5, 7, 9) | (3, 5, 7) |
Decision Sub-Criteria | Fall Protection System Plan Alternatives | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Alternative 1 | Alternative 2 | Alternative 3 | Alternative 4 | |
Equipment appropriateness | (0.00, 0.05, 0.11) | (0.00, 0.05, 0.11) | (0.05, 0.10, 0.15) | (0.02, 0.05, 0.11) |
End-user stability | (0.02, 0.06, 0.08) | (0.02, 0.05, 0.08) | (0.02, 0.05, 0.08) | (0.02, 0.05, 0.08) |
Protection to user | (0.07, 0.14, 0.22) | (0.02, 0.13, 0.20) | (0.07, 0.17, 0.22) | (0.07, 0.08, 0.22) |
Passivity | (0.00, 0.02, 0.03) | (0.01, 0.03, 0.05) | (0.01, 0.04, 0.05) | (0.01, 0.04, 0.05) |
Simplicity | (0.00, 0.03, 0.05) | (0.00, 0.02, 0.04) | (0.00, 0.02, 0.05) | (0.02, 0.05, 0.07) |
Aesthetics | (0.00, 0.01, 0.03) | (0.00, 0.02, 0.04) | (0.00, 0.02, 0.03) | (0.00, 0.02, 0.04) |
Effort needed before installation | (0.03, 0.05, 0.11) | (0.03, 0.04, 0.11) | (0.03, 0.04, 0.11) | (0.03, 0.05, 0.11) |
Flexibility | (0.00, 0.01, 0.02) | (0.00, 0.01, 0.02) | (0.00, 0.00, 0.01) | (0.00, 0.01, 0.02) |
Labor productivity | (0.02, 0.05, 0.08) | (0.02, 0.03, 0.08) | (0.02, 0.03, 0.08) | (0.02, 0.05, 0.07) |
Ergonomic comfort of workers | (0.01, 0.03, 0.05) | (0.01, 0.04, 0.05) | (0.00, 0.02, 0.03) | (0.01, 0.03, 0.05) |
Efficiency of installation | (0.00, 0.01, 0.02) | (0.00, 0.01, 0.03) | (0.02, 0.03, 0.03) | (0.01, 0.02, 0.03) |
Cost of protection system | (0.00, 0.01, 0.01) | (0.00, 0.01, 0.01) | (0.01, 0.01, 0.04) | (0.00, 0.01, 0.01) |
Cost of installation and removal | (0.00, 0.00, 0.01) | (0.00, 0.00, 0.01) | (0.00, 0.01, 0.03) | (0.00, 0.01, 0.03) |
Maintenance and repair cost | (0.01, 0.01, 0.02) | (0.01, 0.01, 0.02) | (0.01, 0.01, 0.02) | (0.01, 0.01, 0.02) |
Decision Sub-Criteria | Positive Distance and Negative Distance of Fall Protection System Alternatives | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alternative 1 | Alternative 2 | Alternative 3 | Alternative 4 | |||||
d+ | d− | d+ | d− | d+ | d− | d+ | d− | |
Equipment appropriateness | 0.086 | 0.000 | 0.086 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.086 | 0.074 | 0.017 |
End-user stability | 0.000 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Protection to user | 0.028 | 0.083 | 0.067 | 0.050 | 0.000 | 0.107 | 0.094 | 0.050 |
Passivity | 0.029 | 0.000 | 0.003 | 0.027 | 0.000 | 0.029 | 0.002 | 0.028 |
Simplicity | 0.038 | 0.017 | 0.052 | 0.000 | 0.043 | 0.015 | 0.000 | 0.052 |
Aesthetics | 0.013 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.013 | 0.010 | 0.006 | 0.001 | 0.013 |
Effort needed before installation | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.004 |
Flexibility | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 0.006 | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.014 |
Labor productivity | 0.000 | 0.024 | 0.023 | 0.008 | 0.019 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 0.021 |
Ergonomic comfort of workers | 0.004 | 0.022 | 0.000 | 0.024 | 0.024 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.022 |
Efficiency of installation | 0.025 | 0.000 | 0.017 | 0.010 | 0.000 | 0.025 | 0.008 | 0.018 |
Cost of protection system | 0.029 | 0.000 | 0.029 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.029 | 0.029 | 0.001 |
Cost of installation and removal | 0.017 | 0.000 | 0.017 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.017 | 0.003 | 0.017 |
Maintenance and repair cost | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Alternatives | CCi | Ranking | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
A1 | 0.281 | 0.165 | 0.369 | 3 |
A2 | 0.316 | 0.141 | 0.308 | 4 |
A3 | 0.119 | 0.328 | 0.734 | 1 |
A4 | 0.232 | 0.259 | 0.528 | 2 |
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Jin, H.; Goodrum, P.M. Optimal Fall Protection System Selection Using a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Construction Sites. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 5296. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11115296
Jin H, Goodrum PM. Optimal Fall Protection System Selection Using a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Construction Sites. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(11):5296. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11115296
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin, Haifeng, and Paul M. Goodrum. 2021. "Optimal Fall Protection System Selection Using a Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Construction Sites" Applied Sciences 11, no. 11: 5296. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/app11115296