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Antibiotics
Volume 10
Issue 1
10.3390/antibiotics10010085
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Article

Grapefruit Seed Extract as a Natural Derived Antibacterial Substance against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

by
Hee-Won Han
1,2,
Jin-Hwan Kwak
3,
Tae-Su Jang
4,
Jonathan Campbell Knowles
1,5,6,
Hae-Won Kim
1,2,7,8,9,
Hae-Hyoung Lee
1,2,7,* and
Jung-Hwan Lee
1,2,7,8,9,*
1
Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea
2
Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea
3
Department of Life Science, Handong Global University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37554, Korea
4
Department of Pre-Medi, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea
5
UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea
6
Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
7
Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea
8
Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea
9
Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Korea
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2021, 10(1), 85; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics10010085
Received: 24 December 2020 / Revised: 14 January 2021 / Accepted: 15 January 2021 / Published: 18 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Biomolecules and Drug Delivery Systems as Alternatives to Conventional Antibiotics)
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Abstract

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are increasing due to the abuse and misuse of antibiotics, and nosocomial infections by MDR bacteria are also increasing. The aim of this study was to identify new substances that can target MDR bacteria among 12 plant extracts that are known to have antibacterial effects. The experiments were performed by the disk diffusion test and microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). By screening against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), grapefruit seed extract (GSE) was selected from 12 plant extracts for subsequent experiments. GSE showed antibacterial effects against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) in the disk diffusion test. Even at the lowest concentration, GSE showed antibacterial activity in the microdilution MIC test. As a result, we can conclude that GSE is a naturally derived antibacterial substance that exhibits a favorable antibacterial effect even at a very low concentration, so it is a good candidate for a natural substance that can be used to prevent or reduce nosocomial infections as coating for materials used in medical contexts or by mixing a small amount with other materials. View Full-Text
Keywords: multidrug-resistant bacteria; nosocomial infection; plant extract; grapefruit seed extract; antibacterial activity multidrug-resistant bacteria; nosocomial infection; plant extract; grapefruit seed extract; antibacterial activity
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MDPI and ACS Style

Han, H.-W.; Kwak, J.-H.; Jang, T.-S.; Knowles, J.C.; Kim, H.-W.; Lee, H.-H.; Lee, J.-H. Grapefruit Seed Extract as a Natural Derived Antibacterial Substance against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 85. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics10010085

AMA Style

Han H-W, Kwak J-H, Jang T-S, Knowles JC, Kim H-W, Lee H-H, Lee J-H. Grapefruit Seed Extract as a Natural Derived Antibacterial Substance against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(1):85. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics10010085

Chicago/Turabian Style

Han, Hee-Won, Jin-Hwan Kwak, Tae-Su Jang, Jonathan C. Knowles, Hae-Won Kim, Hae-Hyoung Lee, and Jung-Hwan Lee. 2021. "Grapefruit Seed Extract as a Natural Derived Antibacterial Substance against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria" Antibiotics 10, no. 1: 85. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics10010085

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