National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
Limitation of the Study
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design
4.2. Study Setting
4.3. Data Sources
4.4. Exclusion Criteria
4.5. Data Collection
4.6. Data Cleaning
4.7. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Number of Permits | DID |
---|---|---|
2010 | 1154 | 6.78 |
2011 | 1578 | 13.26 |
2012 | 2008 | 9.78 |
2013 | 2000 | 14.65 |
2014 | 2136 | 29.86 |
2015 | 1551 | 31.98 |
2016 | 1646 | 48.19 |
Total | 12,073 | 154.51 |
Defined Daily Dose (DDD Per 1000 Inhabitants Per Day (DID) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AWaRe Class | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | All Year’s Total | % of Class |
Access | 5.060 | 11.238 | 6.307 | 10.049 | 25.382 | 28.879 | 41.456 | 128.371 | 83.083 |
Watch | 1.253 | 1.454 | 2.445 | 2.000 | 2.655 | 2.020 | 3.729 | 15.554 | 10.067 |
Other | 0.466 | 0.572 | 1.029 | 2.596 | 1.827 | 1.080 | 3.001 | 10.571 | 6.842 |
Reserve | 0.0 | 0.010 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.012 | 0.008 | |||
Total | 6.779 | 13.263 | 9.781 | 14.654 | 29.865 | 31.979 | 48.187 | 154.509 | 100.000 |
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Sangeda, R.Z.; Saburi, H.A.; Masatu, F.C.; Aiko, B.G.; Mboya, E.A.; Mkumbwa, S.; Bitegeko, A.; Mwalwisi, Y.H.; Nkiligi, E.A.; Chambuso, M.; et al. National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 1249. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics10101249
Sangeda RZ, Saburi HA, Masatu FC, Aiko BG, Mboya EA, Mkumbwa S, Bitegeko A, Mwalwisi YH, Nkiligi EA, Chambuso M, et al. National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(10):1249. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics10101249
Chicago/Turabian StyleSangeda, Raphael Zozimus, Habibu Ally Saburi, Faustine Cassian Masatu, Beatrice Godwin Aiko, Erick Alexander Mboya, Sonia Mkumbwa, Adonis Bitegeko, Yonah Hebron Mwalwisi, Emmanuel Alphonse Nkiligi, Mhina Chambuso, and et al. 2021. "National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data" Antibiotics 10, no. 10: 1249. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics10101249