The Continuing Threat of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
Antibiotics 2019, 8(2), 52; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics8020052
Received: 27 March 2019 / Revised: 28 April 2019 / Accepted: 30 April 2019 / Published: 2 May 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Staphylococci Antimicrobial Resistance)
Staphylococcus aureus has been an exceptionally successful pathogen, which is still relevant in modern age-medicine due to its adaptability and tenacity. This bacterium may be a causative agent in a plethora of infections, owing to its abundance (in the environment and in the normal flora) and the variety of virulence factors that it possesses. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains—first described in 1961—are characterized by an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a/c) and resistance to all penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, which makes the β-lactam armamentarium clinically ineffective. The acquisition of additional resistance determinants further complicates their eradication; therefore, MRSA can be considered as the first representative of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Based on 230 references, the aim of this review is to recap the history, the emergence, and clinical features of various MRSA infections (hospital-, community-, and livestock-associated), and to summarize the current advances regarding MRSA screening, typing, and therapeutic options (including lipoglycopeptides, oxazolidinones, anti-MRSA cephalosporins, novel pleuromutilin-, tetracycline- and quinolone-derivatives, daptomycin, fusidic acid, in addition to drug candidates in the development phase), both for an audience of clinical microbiologists and infectious disease specialists.
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Keywords:
Staphylococcus; MRSA; SSCmec; colonization; typing; lipoglycopeptides; oxazolidinones; ceftaroline; daptomycin; pleuromutilin
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MDPI and ACS Style
Gajdács, M. The Continuing Threat of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics 2019, 8, 52. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics8020052
AMA Style
Gajdács M. The Continuing Threat of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics. 2019; 8(2):52. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics8020052
Chicago/Turabian StyleGajdács, Márió. 2019. "The Continuing Threat of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus" Antibiotics 8, no. 2: 52. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics8020052
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