Comparison of Three Endodontic Irrigant Regimens against Dual-Species Interkingdom Biofilms: Considerations for Maintaining the Status Quo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effect of Endodontic Irrigants on Planktonic Cells
2.2. Effect of Endodontic Irrigants on Single Species Biofilms
2.3. Effect of Endodontic Irrigants on Dual Species Biofilms
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Microbial Growth Conditions and Standardisation
4.2. Planktonic Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
4.3. Biofilm Development, Treatment and Regrowth Assessment
4.4. Quantitative Analysis Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR
4.5. Fluorescence Microscopic Imaging
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Endodontic Irrigant | C. albicans | E. faecalis | Co-Culture |
---|---|---|---|
NaOCl | 0.093% | 0.187% | 0.187% |
EDTA | 0.13% | 0.265% | 0.265% |
HEDP: NaOCl | 0.093% | 0.093% | 0.187% |
HEDP: saline | 2.25% | 4.5% | 4.5% |
Biofilm Type | Time Point | Treatment | Median CFE/mL | Range (Minimum to Maximum) |
---|---|---|---|---|
C. albicans mono-species | 0 h | Untreated control | 8.70 × 106 | (6.05 × 106 to 1.46 × 107) |
NaOCl | 3.47 × 104 | (1.16 × 104 to 1.13 × 105) | ||
NaOCl:HEDP | 3.10 × 104 | (5.97 × 103 to 2.34 × 105) | ||
NaOCl+EDTA | 3.57 × 104 | (1.89 × 104 to 1.32 × 105) | ||
72 h | Untreated control | 5.83 × 106 | (3.26 × 105 to 1.58 × 107) | |
NaOCl | 3.82 × 105 | (1.40 × 105 to 2.71 × 106) | ||
NaOCl:HEDP | 7.76 × 105 | (6.07 × 105 to 3.99 × 106) | ||
NaOCl+EDTA | 2.01 × 104 | (1.53 × 103 to 7.65 × 104) | ||
E. faecalis Mono-Species | 0 h | Untreated control | 6.22 × 107 | (2.19 × 107 to 1.04 × 108) |
NaOCl | 3.11 × 105 | (1.64 × 105 to 4.53 × 106) | ||
NaOCl:HEDP | 8.51 × 105 | (8.01 × 104 to 3.36 × 106) | ||
NaOCl+EDTA | 5.97 × 105 | (2.37 × 105 to 9.57 × 105) | ||
72 h | Untreated control | 8.61 × 107 | (1.22 × 107 to 3.64 × 108) | |
NaOCl | 7.41 × 107 | (3.62 × 107 to 1.18 × 108) | ||
NaOCl:HEDP | 1.10 × 108 | (9.44 × 107 to 1.36 × 108) | ||
NaOCl+EDTA | 1.38 × 106 | (3.81 × 104 to 4.989 × 106) | ||
C. albicans Dual-Species | 0 h | Untreated control | 9.24 × 105 | (5.472 × 105 to 1.60 × 106) |
NaOCl | 1.01 × 104 | (2.92 × 103 to 5.77 × 104) | ||
NaOCl:HEDP | 1.14 × 104 | (4.724 × 103 to 2.23 × 104) | ||
NaOCl+EDTA | 5.70 × 103 | (1.60 × 103 to 5.54 × 104) | ||
72 h | Untreated control | 2.31 × 106 | (1.37 × 106 to 5.01 × 106) | |
NaOCl | 3.52 × 104 | (1.62 × 104 to 1.01 × 105) | ||
NaOCl:HEDP | 1.10 × 105 | (5.59 × 103 to 4.49 × 105) | ||
NaOCl+EDTA | 7.85 × 103 | (4.34 × 103 to 4.50 × 104) | ||
E. faecalis Dual-Species | 0 h | Untreated control | 5.54 × 107 | (2.935 × 107 to 6.61 × 107) |
NaOCl | 6.22 × 105 | (2.081 × 105 to 4.81 × 106) | ||
NaOCl:HEDP | 5.10 × 105 | (1.029 × 105 to 1.89 × 106) | ||
NaOCl+EDTA | 2.76 × 105 | (1.05 × 105 to 8.70 × 105) | ||
72 h | Untreated control | 1.46 × 108 | (1.03 × 108 to 2.39 × 108) | |
NaOCl | 7.24 × 107 | (6.44 × 107 to 8.06 × 107) | ||
NaOCl:HEDP | 9.76 × 107 | (6.21 × 107 to 2.02 × 108) | ||
NaOCl+EDTA | 1.39 × 106 | (3.73 × 105 to 1.89 × 106) |
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Alshanta, O.A.; Alqahtani, S.; Shaban, S.; Albashaireh, K.; McLean, W.; Ramage, G. Comparison of Three Endodontic Irrigant Regimens against Dual-Species Interkingdom Biofilms: Considerations for Maintaining the Status Quo. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 634. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics9090634
Alshanta OA, Alqahtani S, Shaban S, Albashaireh K, McLean W, Ramage G. Comparison of Three Endodontic Irrigant Regimens against Dual-Species Interkingdom Biofilms: Considerations for Maintaining the Status Quo. Antibiotics. 2020; 9(9):634. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics9090634
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlshanta, Om Alkhir, Saeed Alqahtani, Suror Shaban, Khawlah Albashaireh, William McLean, and Gordon Ramage. 2020. "Comparison of Three Endodontic Irrigant Regimens against Dual-Species Interkingdom Biofilms: Considerations for Maintaining the Status Quo" Antibiotics 9, no. 9: 634. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics9090634