Open Innovation—An Explorative Study on Value Co-Creation Tools for Nation Branding and Building a Competitive Identity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Characteristics of Value Propositions and Value Co-Creation as a Management Tool
3. Conceptual Models to Increase Value Propositions through Open Innovation-Based Value Co-Creation Approaches
4. Application of the Four Actions Framework for Nation Branding
5. Application of the PERFA Framework for Nation Branding
6. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Researcher | Scientific Perspective on Value Proposition |
---|---|
Kotler et al. (2016) | How products and services differentiate from one another while delivering increased customer value. |
Hoveskog et al. (2015) | Point out the need of a steady and ongoing reevaluation and readjustment of the products and services offered to ensure continuous value proposition. |
Lindi and Marques da Silva (2011) | The way how a company’s products and services differ from the offer of its competitors. |
Christensen and Overdorf (2000) | Value propositions are not about the product or service attributes which are offered by the company. They are about the attributes which are truly valued by customers. |
Anderson et al. (2006) | Value propositions are aiming to distinct advantages and benefits which solve the target customers’ problems. |
Barnes et al. (2009) | Value propositions are not concerning a company’s offerings, attributes or features, they are about the needs and wants of the end-customers and their experiences. |
PERFA Framework | Definition | Practical Examples for Nation Branding |
---|---|---|
Performance | The way organizations operate by simultaneously aiming to serve their customers best while being profitable | Performing an objective assessment of elements of nation brand where the country excels at on global or regional level |
Ease of Use | Degree to which individuals believe using a certain system or product will be easy or effort-free | Having a set of well-established institutions, regulations and institutionalized practices supporting the areas of competence |
Reliability | The ability of a product or service to deliver according to its specifications | Reducing institutional uncertainty and difference to make the country more attractive regionally or globally |
Flexibility | A firm’s ability to reallocate, adjust and reconfigure its organizational resources, processes and strategies as a reaction to environmental phenomena, challenges and changes. | Viewing nation branding as an evolving and dynamic process, keeping it relevant |
Affectivity | Feelings or emotions associated with working with a company or using its products and services | Developing strong positive emotions amongst internal and external stakeholders of the nation brand |
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Kleber, D.M.S.; Juusola, K. Open Innovation—An Explorative Study on Value Co-Creation Tools for Nation Branding and Building a Competitive Identity. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2021, 7, 206. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/joitmc7040206
Kleber DMS, Juusola K. Open Innovation—An Explorative Study on Value Co-Creation Tools for Nation Branding and Building a Competitive Identity. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2021; 7(4):206. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/joitmc7040206
Chicago/Turabian StyleKleber, Daniel Marco Stefan, and Katariina Juusola. 2021. "Open Innovation—An Explorative Study on Value Co-Creation Tools for Nation Branding and Building a Competitive Identity" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 4: 206. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/joitmc7040206