Rapamycin Improves Recognition Memory and Normalizes Amino-Acids and Amines Levels in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in Adult Rats Exposed to Ethanol during the Neonatal Period
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Drugs and Neonatal Treatment
2.3. Procedures
2.3.1. Novel Object Recognition Test
2.3.2. Elevated Plus Maze (EPM)
2.3.3. Locomotor Activity
2.4. Spectral Analysis and Quantification of Neurochemicals in the Dentate Gyrus of the Hippocampus In Vivo
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. The Influence of Rapamycin Pre-Treatment before Every Ethanol Administration during PND 4-9 on the Short-and Long-Term Memory in the NOR Test in Adult (PND 59/60) Male and Female Rats
3.2. The Influence of Rapamycin Pre-Treatment before Every Ethanol Administration during PND4-9 on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult Male and Female (PND 59) Rats Using the EPM Test
3.3. The Influence of Rapamycin Pre-Treatment before Every Ethanol Administration during PND 4-9 on Locomotor Activity in adult (PND 60) Male and Female Rats
3.4. The Influence of Rapamycin Pre-Treatment before Every Ethanol Administration during PND 4-9 on Changes in Glutamate, Glutamine Concentration and Glutamate/Glutamine Ratio in the Hippocampal DG Measured by MRS Experiment in Adult (PND 60) Male Rats
3.4.1. Glutamate
3.4.2. Glutamine
3.5. The Influence of Rapamycin Pre-Treatment before Every Ethanol Administration during PND 4-9 on Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, Taurine and Total Choline Concentration in the Hippocampal DG Measured by MRS Experiment In Adult (PND 60) Male Rats
3.5.1. Taurine
3.5.2. Total Choline
3.6. The Influence of Rapamycin Pre-Treatment before Every Ethanol Administration during PND 4-9 on N-acetylaspartate, Inosytol and Creatine Concentration in the Hippocampal DG Measured by MRS Experiment in Adult (PND 60), Male Rats
3.6.1. N-Acetylaspartate
3.6.2. Inosytol
3.6.3. Total Creatine
4. Discussion
4.1. Rapamycin Prevents Ethanol-Induced Recognition Memory Impairment
4.2. Rapamycin Prevents Neonatal Ethanol Induced Developmental Alteration in the DG. MRS Experiments
4.3. Potential Mechanism of Rapamycin
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Control | R10 | EtOH | EtOH + R10 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glu | 7.423833 | 7.531667 | 8.771667 ** | 7.3698333 ## |
Gln | 2.897333 | 3.029833 | 3.8481667 * | 2.9535 # |
Tau | 5.569167 | 5.584333 | 5.656333 ### | 6.386167 *** |
Naa | 3.661 | 3.257 | 3.191333 | 3.3311667 |
Cho | 1.124667 | 1.189667 | 1.1365 | 1.3233333 |
Ins | 5.357667 | 5.606667 | 5.573 | 5.2195 |
Cr | 6.986333 | 6.860833 | 7.175 | 7.033667 |
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Lopatynska-Mazurek, M.; Pankowska, A.; Gibula-Tarlowska, E.; Pietura, R.; Kotlinska, J.H. Rapamycin Improves Recognition Memory and Normalizes Amino-Acids and Amines Levels in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in Adult Rats Exposed to Ethanol during the Neonatal Period. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 362. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11030362
Lopatynska-Mazurek M, Pankowska A, Gibula-Tarlowska E, Pietura R, Kotlinska JH. Rapamycin Improves Recognition Memory and Normalizes Amino-Acids and Amines Levels in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in Adult Rats Exposed to Ethanol during the Neonatal Period. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(3):362. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11030362
Chicago/Turabian StyleLopatynska-Mazurek, Malgorzata, Anna Pankowska, Ewa Gibula-Tarlowska, Radoslaw Pietura, and Jolanta H. Kotlinska. 2021. "Rapamycin Improves Recognition Memory and Normalizes Amino-Acids and Amines Levels in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in Adult Rats Exposed to Ethanol during the Neonatal Period" Biomolecules 11, no. 3: 362. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biom11030362