On the Ecology of Selenium Accumulation in Plants
Abstract
:1. Two Faces of Se in Biology—An Introduction to Se Benefits and Toxicity
2. What Can Plants Do with Se, at the Cellular and Whole-Plant Level?
3. Ecological Effects of Plant-Accumulated Se on Ecological Partners
3.1. Plant–Herbivore Interactions
3.2. Plant–Pollinator Interactions
3.3. Plant–Microbe Interactions
3.4. Plant–Plant Interactions
4. Integrative Discussion on the Ecological Implications of Plant Se Accumulation
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plant-herbivore interactions (Section 3.1) | ||
Generalist herbivores (Se-sensitive) | ||
Plant Se deters herbivores from feeding (many invertebrate taxa, prairie dogs) | HA, non-HA | L, F |
Plant Se deters herbivores from ovipositing (moth) | HA | L |
Plant Se is toxic, even deadly to herbivores when ingested (many invert taxa) | HA, non-HA | L |
High-Se plants harbor fewer invertebrates in the field | HA | F |
Potential specialist herbivores (Se-resistant) | ||
High-Se plants harbor Se-excluding seed herbivores (bruchid, chalcid inverts) | HA | F |
High-Se plants harbor leaf herbivores, some proven Se-tolerant (invert taxa) | HA | L, F |
High-Se litter harbors higher levels of micro-arthropod decomposers than low-Se litter, and decomposes faster | HA, non-HA | F |
Selenium movement from herbivores to higher trophic levels | ||
Se-tolerant herbivores are parasitized by Se-tolerant wasps (2 moths, 2 wasps) | HA | F |
High-Se plants harbor predator inverts with elevated Se levels (many taxa) | HA | F |
Plant-pollinator interactions (Section 3.2) | ||
Generalist pollinators (Se-sensitive) | ||
High-Se flowers or feeding solution do not deter foraging by invert pollinators | HA, non-HA | L, F |
High-Se pollen and nectar is collected and ingested by honey bees | HA | F |
High-Se food sources (chemical) are toxic to honey bees | non-plant | L |
Potential specialist pollinators (Se-tolerant) | ||
Native pollinators accumulate Se to high levels from high-Se flowers | HA, non-HA | F |
Plant-microbe interactions (Section 3.3) | ||
Generalist microbes (default for fungi: Se-sensitive; for prokaryotes: Se resistant) | ||
High-Se plants are protected from pathogenic fungi (2 species) | non-HA | L |
Fungi from seleniferous/non-seleniferous soils differ in Se resistance | HA, non-HA | F, L |
Se level in host plant is not correlated with Se resistance in fungal symbionts | HA, non-HA | F, L |
Se level in host plant is not correlated with Se resistance in bacterial symbionts | HA, non-HA | F, L |
Se level in host plant affects rhizosphere microbiome composition, (+) sp. richness | HA, non-HA | F |
Microbes (isolated strains or consortia) can affect plant Se accumulation, volatilization, metabolism, tolerance, and general plant growth | HA, non-HA | L |
Potential specialist microbes | ||
High-Se plants are observed to harbor leaf fungus (1 species) | HA | F |
High-Se litter harbors higher levels of cultivable microbes than low-Se litter, and decomposes faster | HA, non-HA | F |
Rhizobial endosymbiont in root nodules may affect Se accumulation and Se metabolism in host plant | HA | F, L |
Fungal endosymbionts may affect Se accumulation and Se metabolism in host | HA | F, L |
Certain bacterial taxa are over-abundant in rhizosphere of Se HA | HA, non-HA | F |
Plant-plant interactions (Section 3.4) | ||
General effects | ||
Soil around HA plants in field is ~10 fold elevated in Se, mostly in organic form | HA, non-HA | F |
Soil around high-Se plants in field inhibits germination, growth of Arabidopsis | HA | F, L |
Vegetative cover is reduced around HA plants in the field, and species composition is different | HA, non-HA | F |
Potential specialist plant species | ||
Some Se-tolerant plant species co-occur with HAs in field; they accumulate more Se, have less herbivory and grow better because of this association | HA | F |
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Pilon-Smits, E.A.H. On the Ecology of Selenium Accumulation in Plants. Plants 2019, 8, 197. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants8070197
Pilon-Smits EAH. On the Ecology of Selenium Accumulation in Plants. Plants. 2019; 8(7):197. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants8070197
Chicago/Turabian StylePilon-Smits, Elizabeth A. H. 2019. "On the Ecology of Selenium Accumulation in Plants" Plants 8, no. 7: 197. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/plants8070197