Cell Properties of Lung Tissue-Resident Macrophages Propagated by Co-Culture with Lung Fibroblastic Cells from C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Collection of Alveolar Mø
2.3. Propagation of Tissue-Resident Mø by Co-Culturing with Interstitial Cells Obtained from the Lung
2.4. Separation of Lung Tissue-Resident Mø Propagated by Co-Culture from Interstitial Cells
2.5. Phagocytosis Analysis with Fluorescent Beads
2.6. Total RNA Extraction and Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR Analysis
2.7. Flow Cytometry
2.8. M1 and M2 Polarisation by LPS Plus IFN-γ and IL-4
3. Results
3.1. Propagation Behaviour of Co-Cultured Lung Mø
3.2. Segregation of Mø by Adhesion to the Bacteriological Petri Dish
3.3. Expression Profiles of Transcription Factors in Propagated Lung Tissue-Resident Mø
3.4. Expression Profiles of Cytokines/Growth Factors in Lung Fibroblastic Cells and Tissue-Resident Mø propagated by Co-Culture as Well as Alveolar Mø
3.5. Characterisation of Propagated Lung Tissue-Resident Mø by Flow Cytometry
3.6. M1/M2 Polarisation Induction of Propagated Mø by Co-Culturing with Lung Fibroblastic Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Cox, N.; Pokrovskii, M.; Vicario, R.; Geissmann, F. Origins, Biology, and Diseases of Tissue Macrophages. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 2021, 39, 313–344. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nobs, S.P.; Kopf, M. Tissue-resident macrophages: Guardians of organ homeostasis. Trends Immunol. 2021, 42, 495–507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wu, Y.; Hirschi, K.K. Tissue-Resident Macrophage Development and Function. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 2020, 8, 617879. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chakarov, S.; Lim, H.Y.; Tan, L.; Lim, S.Y.; See, P.; Lum, J.; Zhang, X.M.; Foo, S.; Nakamizo, S.; Duan, K.; et al. Two distinct interstitial macrophage populations coexist across tissues in specific subtissular niches. Science 2019, 363, eaau0964. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sieweke, M.H.; Allen, J.E. Beyond stem cells: Self-renewal of differentiated macrophages. Science 2013, 342, 1242974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Guilliams, M.; Scott, C.L. Does niche competition determine the origin of tissue-resident macrophages? Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2017, 17, 451–460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guilliams, M.; Thierry, G.R.; Bonnardel, J.; Bajenoff, M. Establishment and Maintenance of the Macrophage Niche. Immunity 2020, 52, 434–451. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ogawa, K.; Tsurutani, M.; Hashimoto, A.; Soeda, M. Simple propagation method for resident macrophages by co-culture and subculture, and their isolation from various organs. BMC Immunol. 2019, 20, 34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guilliams, M.; De Kleer, I.; Henri, S.; Post, S.; Vanhoutte, L.; De Prijck, S.; Deswarte, K.; Malissen, B.; Hammad, H.; Lambrecht, B.N. Alveolar macrophages develop from fetal monocytes that differentiate into long-lived cells in the first week of life via GM-CSF. J. Exp. Med. 2013, 210, 1977–1992. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Puttur, F.; Gregory, L.G.; Lloyd, C.M. Airway macrophages as the guardians of tissue repair in the lung. Immunol. Cell Biol. 2019, 15, 12235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Allard, B.; Panariti, A.; Martin, J.G. Alveolar Macrophages in the Resolution of Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Tolerance to Infection. Front. Immunol. 2018, 9, 1777. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Schyns, J.; Bureau, F.; Marichal, T. Lung Interstitial Macrophages: Past, Present, and Future. J. Immunol. Res. 2018, 2018, 5160794. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liegeois, M.; Legrand, C.; Desmet, C.J.; Marichal, T.; Bureau, F. The interstitial macrophage: A long-neglected piece in the puzzle of lung immunity. Cell Immunol. 2018, 330, 91–96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tan, S.Y.; Krasnow, M.A. Developmental origin of lung macrophage diversity. Development 2016, 143, 1318–1327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Schyns, J.; Bai, Q.; Ruscitti, C.; Radermecker, C.; De Schepper, S.; Chakarov, S.; Farnir, F.; Pirottin, D.; Ginhoux, F.; Boeckxstaens, G.; et al. Non-classical tissue monocytes and two functionally distinct populations of interstitial macrophages populate the mouse lung. Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 3964. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Gustine, J.N.; Jones, D. Immunopathology of Hyperinflammation in COVID-19. Am. J. Pathol 2021, 191, 4–17. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vasarmidi, E.; Tsitoura, E.; Spandidos, D.A.; Tzanakis, N.; Antoniou, K.M. Pulmonary fibrosis in the aftermath of the COVID-19 era (Review). Exp. Ther. Med. 2020, 20, 2557–2560. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Merad, M.; Martin, J.C. Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: A key role for monocytes and macrophages. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2020, 20, 355–362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mills, C.D.; Kincaid, K.; Alt, J.M.; Heilman, M.J.; Hill, A.M. M-1/M-2 macrophages and the Th1/Th2 paradigm. J. Immunol. 2000, 164, 6166–6173. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mills, C.D. Anatomy of a discovery: m1 and m2 macrophages. Front. Immunol. 2015, 6, 212. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mukai, M.; Suruga, N.; Saeki, N.; Ogawa, K. EphA receptors and ephrin-A ligands are upregulated by monocytic differentiation/maturation and promote cell adhesion and protrusion formation in HL60 monocytes. BMC Cell Biol. 2017, 18, 28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Blériot, C.; Chakarov, S.; Ginhoux, F. Determinants of Resident Tissue Macrophage Identity and Function. Immunity 2020, 52, 957–970. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- T’Jonck, W.; Guilliams, M.; Bonnardel, J. Niche signals and transcription factors involved in tissue-resident macrophage development. Cell Immunol. 2018, 330, 43–53. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Murray, P.J.; Allen, J.E.; Biswas, S.K.; Fisher, E.A.; Gilroy, D.W.; Goerdt, S.; Gordon, S.; Hamilton, J.A.; Ivashkiv, L.B.; Lawrence, T.; et al. Macrophage activation and polarization: Nomenclature and experimental guidelines. Immunity 2014, 41, 14–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Al Dubayee, M.S.; Alayed, H.; Almansour, R.; Alqaoud, N.; Alnamlah, R.; Obeid, D.; Alshahrani, A.; Zahra, M.M.; Nasr, A.; Al-Bawab, A.; et al. Differential Expression of Human Peripheral Mononuclear Cells Phenotype Markers in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Metformin. Front. Endocrinol. 2018, 9, 537. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yu, X.; Buttgereit, A.; Lelios, I.; Utz, S.G.; Cansever, D.; Becher, B.; Greter, M. The Cytokine TGF-β Promotes the Development and Homeostasis of Alveolar Macrophages. Immunity 2017, 47, 903–912.e904. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Schneider, C.; Nobs, S.P.; Kurrer, M.; Rehrauer, H.; Thiele, C.; Kopf, M. Induction of the nuclear receptor PPAR-γ by the cytokine GM-CSF is critical for the differentiation of fetal monocytes into alveolar macrophages. Nat. Immunol. 2014, 15, 1026–1037. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Draijer, C.; Penke, L.R.K.; Peters-Golden, M. Distinctive Effects of GM-CSF and M-CSF on Proliferation and Polarization of Two Major Pulmonary Macrophage Populations. J. Immunol. 2019, 202, 2700–2709. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Erikson, E.; Wratil, P.R.; Frank, M.; Ambiel, I.; Pahnke, K.; Pino, M.; Azadi, P.; Izquierdo-Useros, N.; Martinez-Picado, J.; Meier, C.; et al. Mouse Siglec-1 Mediates trans-Infection of Surface-bound Murine Leukemia Virus in a Sialic Acid N-Acyl Side Chain-dependent Manner. J. Biol. Chem. 2015, 290, 27345–27359. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Zaccai, N.R.; Maenaka, K.; Maenaka, T.; Crocker, P.R.; Brossmer, R.; Kelm, S.; Jones, E.Y. Structure-guided design of sialic acid-based Siglec inhibitors and crystallographic analysis in complex with sialoadhesin. Structure 2003, 11, 557–567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Caniglia, J.L.; Asuthkar, S.; Tsung, A.J.; Guda, M.R.; Velpula, K.K. Immunopathology of galectin-3: An increasingly promising target in COVID-19. F1000Res 2020, 9, 1078. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Tsurutani, M.; Horie, H.; Ogawa, K. Cell Properties of Lung Tissue-Resident Macrophages Propagated by Co-Culture with Lung Fibroblastic Cells from C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 1241. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9091241
Tsurutani M, Horie H, Ogawa K. Cell Properties of Lung Tissue-Resident Macrophages Propagated by Co-Culture with Lung Fibroblastic Cells from C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(9):1241. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9091241
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsurutani, Mayu, Haruka Horie, and Kazushige Ogawa. 2021. "Cell Properties of Lung Tissue-Resident Macrophages Propagated by Co-Culture with Lung Fibroblastic Cells from C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice" Biomedicines 9, no. 9: 1241. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/biomedicines9091241