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Children, Volume 3, Issue 1 (March 2016) – 5 articles

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193 KiB  
Review
Functional Nausea in Children: A Review of the Literature and Need for Diagnostic Criteria
by Alexandra C. Russell, Amanda L. Stone and Lynn S. Walker
Children 2016, 3(1), 5; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children3010005 - 10 Mar 2016
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6153
Abstract
Nausea is common amongst children with functional gastrointestinal disorders and is associated with a high burden of somatic and psychosocial comorbidities in both the short and long-term. Current treatments including medications, phytotherapy, stress-reduction techniques, and gastric electrical stimulation for recalcitrant cases, are reviewed. [...] Read more.
Nausea is common amongst children with functional gastrointestinal disorders and is associated with a high burden of somatic and psychosocial comorbidities in both the short and long-term. Current treatments including medications, phytotherapy, stress-reduction techniques, and gastric electrical stimulation for recalcitrant cases, are reviewed. Functional nausea merits its own diagnostic criteria as a pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Advances in Pediatric Digestive Diseases)
401 KiB  
Editorial
Averting the Legacy of Kidney Disease—Focus on Childhood
by Julie R. Ingelfinger, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Franz Schaefer and On behalf of the World Kidney Day Steering Committee
Children 2016, 3(1), 4; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children3010004 - 08 Feb 2016
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5080
Abstract
World Kidney Day 2016 focuses on kidney disease in childhood and the antecedents of adult kidney disease that can begin in earliest childhood. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood differs from that in adults, as the largest diagnostic group among children includes congenital [...] Read more.
World Kidney Day 2016 focuses on kidney disease in childhood and the antecedents of adult kidney disease that can begin in earliest childhood. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood differs from that in adults, as the largest diagnostic group among children includes congenital anomalies and inherited disorders, with glomerulopathies and kidney disease in the setting of diabetes being relatively uncommon. In addition, many children with acute kidney injury will ultimately develop sequelae that may lead to hypertension and CKD in later childhood or in adult life. Children born early or who are small-for date newborns have relatively increased risk for the development of CKD later in life. Persons with a high-risk birth and early childhood history should be watched closely in order to help detect early signs of kidney disease in time to provide effective prevention or treatment. Successful therapy is feasible for advanced CKD in childhood; there is evidence that children fare better than adults if they receive kidney replacement therapy, including dialysis and transplantation, while only a minority of children may require this ultimate intervention. Since there are disparities in access to care, effort is needed so that those children with kidney disease, wherever they live, may be treated effectively, irrespective of their geographic or economic circumstances. Our hope is that World Kidney Day will inform the general public, policy makers and caregivers about the needs and possibilities surrounding kidney disease in childhood. “For in every adult there dwells the child that was, and in every child there lies the adult that will be.”—John Connolly, The Book of Lost Things. Full article
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964 KiB  
Article
Determinants of Body Mass Index and Intelligence Quotient of Elementary School Children in Mountain Area of Nepal: An Explorative Study
by Chhabi Ranabhat, Chun-Bae Kim, Myung Bae Park, Chang Soo Kim and Leila Freidoony
Children 2016, 3(1), 3; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children3010003 - 03 Feb 2016
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6281
Abstract
The physical growth and cognitive development of elementary school children are very crucial and this group is large in number but has little research dedicated to it. The physical growth and cognitive development of children occur simultaneously and can be measured by body [...] Read more.
The physical growth and cognitive development of elementary school children are very crucial and this group is large in number but has little research dedicated to it. The physical growth and cognitive development of children occur simultaneously and can be measured by body mass index (BMI) and intelligence quotient (IQ). Previous studies could not sufficiently focus on both aspects. The aim of this study was to identify determinants of BMI and IQ of students in two elementary schools in the Humla district of Nepal. Two randomly selected elementary schools and all children available there (n = 173) participated in the study. BMI was calculated with the objective of proper measurement of height and weight of the children. Likewise, the updated universal nonverbal intelligence test (UNIT) was applied for IQ. Descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance and multiple linear regressions were used when appropriate. Study findings showed that one-tenth of the children had grade 2 thinness (-2SD) and about one-third had poor IQ (<85). The age of the children (p < 0.05) and household economic status (p < 0.001) were significant for the BMI. Likewise, frequencies of illness in the previous year, mother’s education (p < 0.05) and father’s education (p < 0.001) were significant factors for the IQ score. More commonly, BMI and IQ scores were significantly lower in the ultra-poor group. Economic status and parent education are still major determinants of IQ and BMI in these students. Special programs and strategies should be launched to improve the poor ranking of IQ and BMI. Full article
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661 KiB  
Editorial
Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Children in 2015
by Children Editorial Office
Children 2016, 3(1), 2; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children3010002 - 28 Jan 2016
Viewed by 2935
Abstract
The editors of Children would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2015. [...] Full article
175 KiB  
Review
Learning Lessons from Adverse Drug Reactions in Children
by Helen M. Sammons and Imti Choonara
Children 2016, 3(1), 1; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children3010001 - 08 Jan 2016
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5871
Abstract
Drug toxicity is, unfortunately, a significant problem in children both in the hospital and in the community. Drug toxicity in children is different to that seen in adults. At least one in 500 children will experience an adverse drug reaction each year. For [...] Read more.
Drug toxicity is, unfortunately, a significant problem in children both in the hospital and in the community. Drug toxicity in children is different to that seen in adults. At least one in 500 children will experience an adverse drug reaction each year. For children in hospital, the risk is far greater (one in ten). Additionally, different and sometimes unique adverse drug reactions are seen in the paediatric age groups. Some of the major cases of drug toxicity historically have occurred in neonates. It is important that we understand the mechanism of action of adverse drug reactions. Greater understanding alongside rational prescribing should hopefully reduce drug toxicity in children in the future. Full article
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