Associations between Neighborhood Deprivation Index, Parent Perceptions and Preschooler Lifestyle Behaviors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Participants and Data Collection Procedures
2.2. Data Collection Instruments
2.2.1. The Pre-Schooler Health Study Questionnaire
2.2.2. Neighborhood Deprivation Index
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Participants
3.2. Neighborhood Deprivation Index and Parental Perceptions of Their Local Neighborhood
3.3. Parents’ Satisfaction with Neighborhood Food Environment, Deprivation Index and Children’s Dietary Intake
3.4. Parental Perceptions of Neighborhood Environment, Deprivation Index and Children’s Active Play, Structured Physical Activity, and TV Screen Time
4. Discussion
Study Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Children’s Characteristics | Mean | SD |
---|---|---|
Age (n = 276) | 4.42 | 2.67 |
Child z-BMI (n = 166) | 0.78 | 0.96 |
Attending pre-school (n = 275) | ||
Full-time | 97 | 35.3 |
Part-time | 178 | 64.7 |
n | % | |
Gender (n = 276) | ||
Male | 136 | 49.3 |
Children’s lifestyle behaviors | ||
Fruit intake (n = 276) | ||
≥1 portion a day | 200 | 72.7 |
<1 portion a day | 75 | 27.3 |
Vegetable intake (n = 276) | ||
≥1 portion a day | 110 | 40.1 |
<1 portion a day | 164 | 59.9 |
Confectionary/SSB intake (n = 276) | ||
≥1 time per week | 194 | 70.0 |
<1 time per week | 83 | 30.0 |
Active play time (n = 276) | ||
≥1 h daily | 206 | 75.5 |
<1 h daily | 67 | 24.5 |
Attend structured physical activity (n = 276) | 122 | 44.4 |
TV screen time (n = 276) | ||
≥1 h daily | 152 | 55.5 |
<1 h daily | 122 | 44.5 |
Parents’ Characteristics | n | % |
Age (n = 276) | ||
20–29 | 35 | 12.7 |
30–39 | 179 | 64.9 |
≥40 | 62 | 22.5 |
Relationship with child (n = 276) | ||
Mother | 244 | 88.4 |
Father | 29 | 10.5 |
Other | 3 | 1.1 |
Nationality (n = 276) | ||
Irish | 181 | 65.6 |
Not Irish | 95 | 34.4 |
Marital status (n = 275) | ||
Married or living together | 244 | 81.2 |
Education level (n = 276) | ||
Undergraduate/post-graduate | 168 | 60.9 |
Secondary school or less | 108 | 39.1 |
Parental BMI (n = 254) | ||
Normal weight | 227 | 82.2 |
Overweight/obese | 27 | 9.8 |
Household income | ||
<40.000 €/p.a. | 70 | 32.4 |
≥40.000 €/p.a. | 146 | 67.6 |
Deprivation Index | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parents’ Perceptions of Their Neighborhood | Total | High Deprived | Low Deprived | ||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | p1 | |
Walking/cycling is unsafe (heavy traffic) 2 | |||||||
Disagree | 158 | 61.00 | 32 | 52.5 | 57 | 68.7 | 0.208 |
Neither | 45 | 17.40 | 10 | 16.4 | 13 | 15.7 | |
Agree | 56 | 21.6 | 19 | 31.1 | 13 | 15.7 | |
Walking/cycling is unsafe (crime) 2 | |||||||
Disagree | 206 | 78.90 | 38 | 62.3 | 76 | 91.6 | <0.001 |
Neither | 36 | 13.80 | 13 | 21.3 | 4 | 4.8 | |
Agree | 19 | 7.30 | 10 | 16.4 | 3 | 3.6 | |
Pleasant for walking and cycling 2 | |||||||
Disagree | 30 | 11.5 | 11 | 18.0 | 4 | 4.8 | 0.016 |
Neither | 36 | 13.8 | 13 | 21.3 | 8 | 9.6 | |
Agree | 194 | 74.6 | 37 | 60.7 | 71 | 85.5 | |
Satisfied with the number of physical activity facilities 3 | |||||||
Dissatisfied | 54 | 20.8 | 20 | 32.8 | 10 | 12.2 | 0.038 |
Neither | 26 | 10.0 | 5 | 8.2 | 7 | 8.5 | |
Satisfied | 180 | 69.2 | 36 | 59.0 | 65 | 79.3 | |
Usage of neighborhood facilities | |||||||
<1 time per week | 88 | 33.7 | 32 | 52.5 | 19 | 22.6 | 0.001 |
≥1 time per week | 173 | 66.3 | 29 | 47.5 | 65 | 77.4 | |
Satisfied with neighborhood as a place to live/raise a child 3 | |||||||
Dissatisfied | 63 | 24.4 | 15 | 24.6 | 6 | 7.2 | 0.001 |
Neither | 65 | 25.2 | 12 | 19.7 | 7 | 8.7 | |
Satisfied | 130 | 50.4 | 34 | 55.7 | 70 | 83.3 | |
Satisfied with the number of food shops 3 | |||||||
Satisfied | 201 | 77.3 | 52.00 | 85.2 | 63 | 75.9 | 0.151 |
Neither | 26 | 10.0 | 4.00 | 6.6 | 12 | 10.0 | |
Dissatisfied | 33 | 12.7 | 5.00 | 8.2 | 8 | 9.6 | |
Satisfied with the quality of food shops 3 | |||||||
Dissatisfied | 33 | 12.7 | 5 | 8.2 | 9 | 10.8 | 0.315 |
Neither | 15 | 5.8 | 4 | 6.6 | 7 | 8.4 | |
Satisfied | 212 | 81.5 | 52 | 85.2 | 67 | 80.7 | |
Satisfied with the number of restaurants 3 | |||||||
Dissatisfied | 63 | 24.4 | 14 | 23.3 | 14 | 16.9 | 0.250 |
Neither | 65 | 25.2 | 14 | 23.3 | 25 | 30.1 | |
Satisfied | 130 | 50.4 | 32 | 53.3 | 44 | 53.0 | |
Satisfied with the quality of restaurants 3 | |||||||
Dissatisfied | 61 | 23.5 | 16 | 26.2 | 13 | 15.7 | 0.300 |
Neither | 72 | 27.7 | 16 | 26.2 | 23 | 27.7 | |
Satisfied | 127 | 48.8 | 29 | 44.0 | 47 | 56.6 |
Deprivation Index | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Parents’ Perception of the Neighborhood 2 | High Deprived | Low Deprived | ||
OR (95% CI) | p1 | OR (95% CI) | p1 | |
Walking/cycling is unsafe (heavy traffic) | 0.84(0.59–1.21) | 0.374 | 1.04(0.78–1.39) | 0.744 |
Walking/cycling is unsafe (crime) | 1.59(1.04–2.43) | 0.031 | 0.73(0.48–1.10) | 0.141 |
Pleasant for walking and cycling | 0.74(0.48–1.15) | 0.186 | 0.97(0.85–1.11) | 0.735 |
Satisfied with the number of physical activity facilities | 0.79(0.54–1.15) | 0.231 | 1.04(0.73–1.47) | 0.825 |
Usage of neighborhood physical activity facilities | 0.86(0.70–1.07) | 0.186 | 1.25(0.98–1.58) | 0.067 |
Satisfied with neighborhood as a place to live/raise a child | 0.83(0.66–1.04) | 0.115 | 1.28(1.02–1.59) | 0.027 |
Satisfied with the number of restaurants | 1.23(0.73–2.07) | 0.425 | 0.97(0.63–1.50) | 0.917 |
Satisfied with the quality of restaurants | 0.84(0.48–1.46) | 0.548 | 1.25(0.79–1.99) | 0.329 |
Satisfied with the number of food shop | 1.18(0.64–2.16) | 0.587 | 0.80(0.48–1.33) | 0.404 |
Satisfied with the quality of food shop | 1.52(0.81–2.84) | 0.183 | 0.99(0.59–1.66) | 0.974 |
Fruit | Vegetables | Confectionary/SSBs | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | OR (95% CI) | p1 | OR (95% CI) | p1 | OR (95% CI) | p1 |
Satisfied with the quality of restaurants | 1.05(0.77–1.44) | 0.729 | 1.12(0.50–1.48) | 0.417 | 1.27(0.95–1.70) | 0.098 |
Satisfied with the number of restaurants | 1.03(0.76–1.39) | 0.822 | 0.96(0.7–1.25) | 0.790 | 1.41(1.08–1.81) | 0.016 |
Satisfied with the number of food shops | 0.84(0.59–1.19) | 0.342 | 0.91(0.68–1.23) | 0.917 | 1.46(1.40–1.05) | 0.020 |
Satisfied with the quality of food shops | 0.88(0.62–1.22) | 0.469 | 0.91(0.67–1.24) | 0.917 | 1.43(1.05–1.94) | 0.039 |
Deprivation index | ||||||
High deprived | 1.26(0.55–2.90) | 0.575 | 0.55(0.23–1.31) | 0.180 | 0.99(0.41–2.34) | 0.981 |
Medium deprived (Ref.) | ||||||
Low deprived | 1.41(0.64–3.11) | 0.387 | 0.95(0.44–1.86) | 0.900 | 1.2(0.61–2.52) | 0.575 |
Active Play | Structured Physical Activity | TV Screen Time | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | OR (95% CI) | p1 | OR (95% CI) | p1 | OR (95% CI) | p1 |
Walking/cycling is unsafe (heavy traffic) | 0.73(0.55–0.98) | 0.041 | 1.03(0.80–1.33) | 0.787 | 0.86(0.66–1.12) | 0.285 |
Walking/cycling is unsafe (crime) | 0.91(0.64–1.30) | 0.618 | 0.85(0.65–1.14) | 0.290 | 0.79(0.57–1.09) | 0.163 |
Pleasant for walking and cycling | 1.26(0.87–1.82) | 0.221 | 1.05(0.77–1.43) | 0.746 | 1.10(0.79–1.52) | 0.561 |
Satisfied with the number of physical activity facilities | 1.13(0.82–1.55) | 0.443 | 1.15(0.89–1.48) | 0.281 | 0.81(0.62–1.06) | 0.059 |
Use of neighborhood physical activity facilities | 1.66(1.21–2.27) | 0.004 | 1.19(0.96–1.48) | 0.091 | 0.84(0.67–1.05) | 0.094 |
Satisfied with neighborhood as a place to live/raise a child | 0.94(0.78–1.13) | 0.078 | 1.41(1.01–1.98) | 0.013 | 1.04(0.88–1.23) | 0.597 |
Deprivation index | ||||||
High deprived | 0.65(0.27–1.56) | 0.338 | 0.35(0.16–0.76) | 0.008 | 0.89(0.38–2.04) | 0.787 |
Medium deprived (Ref.) | ||||||
Low deprived | 0.54(0.25–1.17) | 0.120 | 0.61(0.33–1.13) | 0.119 | 0.613(0.31–1.20) | 0.155 |
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Bassul, C.; Corish, C.A.; Kearney, J.M. Associations between Neighborhood Deprivation Index, Parent Perceptions and Preschooler Lifestyle Behaviors. Children 2021, 8, 959. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children8110959
Bassul C, Corish CA, Kearney JM. Associations between Neighborhood Deprivation Index, Parent Perceptions and Preschooler Lifestyle Behaviors. Children. 2021; 8(11):959. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children8110959
Chicago/Turabian StyleBassul, Carolina, Clare A. Corish, and John M. Kearney. 2021. "Associations between Neighborhood Deprivation Index, Parent Perceptions and Preschooler Lifestyle Behaviors" Children 8, no. 11: 959. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children8110959