Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children with Phenylketonuria Does Not Depend on Metabolic Control and Is Not More Frequent Than in Healthy Subjects—A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | PKU (n = 103) | HS (n = 103) | p |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | |||
Gender | 1.00 | ||
Female | 58 (56.3) | 58 (56.3) | |
Male | 45 (43.7) | 45 (43.7) | |
Mean ± SD Median (1st–3rd quartile) | |||
Age (years) | 15.97 ± 10.22 12.86 (8.67–18.94) | 15.92 ± 10.19 12.80 (8.55–19.12) | 0.99 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 20.58 ± 5.00 19.82 (16.29–23.12) | 19.77 ± 3.98 19.50 (16.06–22.62) | 0.44 |
BMI-IOTF corrected (kg/m2) | 23.00 ± 4.10 22.07 (20.13–24.37) | 22.19 ± 2.93 21.82 (19.82–23.68) | 0.28 |
Number of Phe tests/year | 10.3 ± 7.7 8 (5–14) | - | - |
Phe concentration (mg/dL) in the preceding year | 8.62 ± 4.85 7.67 (4.68–11.40) | - | - |
* Abnormal Phe concentrations (%) | 46.4 ± 38.0 36.4 (10.6–84.0) | - | - |
Phe concentrations > 6 mg/dL (%) | 62.8 ± 34.7 72.7 (30.4–100) | - | - |
Phe concentrations > 10 mg/dL (%) | 35.4 ± 36.9 23.1 (0–69.0) | - | - |
Phe concentrations > 12 mg/dL (%) | 23.3 ± 32.3 6.7 (0–39.3) | - | - |
Parameter | HP-Positive (n = 11) | HP-Negative (n = 92) | p |
---|---|---|---|
N (%) | |||
Gender | 1.00 | ||
Female N (%) | 6 (54.5) | 52 (56.5) | |
Male N (%) | 5 (45.5) | 40 (43.5) | |
Mean ± SD Median (1st–3rd quartile) | |||
Age (years) | 24.84 ± 11.54 25.79 (16.54–31.71) | 14.90 ± 9.58 12.26 (8.43–17.26) | 0.0026 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.41 ± 5.50 22.84 (19.64–26.15) | 20.24 ± 4.85 19.62 (16.18–22.67) | 0.048 |
BMI (kg/m2) (IOTF corrected) | 23.67 ± 5.37 22.84 (20.30–26.49) | 22.92 ± 3.96 22.05 (20.16–24.10) | 0.73 |
Number of Phe tests/year | 9.2 ± 5.2 7 (5–13) | 10.4 ± 7.9 8 (5–13) | 0.92 |
Phe concentration (mg/dL) in the preceding year | 9.26 ± 4.78 8.29 (6.63–10.17) | 8.54 ± 4.88 7.65 (4.64–11.67) | 0.54 |
* Abnormal Phe concentrations (%) | 37.0 ± 30.0 28.6 (20.0–52.4) | 47.5 ± 38.9 46.4 (9.1–85.7) | 0.56 |
Phe concentrations > 6 mg/dL (%) | 69.6 ± 32.1 77.8 (55.0–100) | 61.9 ± 35.0 72.1 (29.8–100) | 0.54 |
Phe concentrations > 10 mg/dL (%) | 36.4 ± 30.5 28.6 (20.0–52.4) | 35.3 ± 37.8 21.5 (0–69.2) | 0.56 |
Phe concentrations > 12 mg/dL (%) | 21.2 ± 28.6 0 (0–35.6) | 23.6 ± 32.9 6.7 (0–38.8) | 0.77 |
Patients | OR (95% CI) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Older vs younger than 18 years | 4.0571 (1.1249–14.6333) | 0.032 | |
With BMI higher vs lower than 25 kg/m2 | 1.35 (0.3275–5.5650) | 0.68 | |
Median Phe concentration higher vs lower than respective cut-off level for age | 0.7108 (0.1946–2.5963) | 0.60 | |
Percentage of abnormal results higher than | 40% | 0.3590 (0.0896–1.4393) | 0.15 |
50% | 0.3750 (0.0935–1.5032) | 0.17 | |
70% | 0.6107 (0.1518–2.4570) | 0.49 |
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Walkowiak, M.; Kałużny, Ł.; Mozrzymas, R.; Jamka, M.; Mikołuć, B.; Jagłowska, J.; Starostecka, E.; Nurgaliyeva, R.; Walkowiak, J.; Lisowska, A. Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children with Phenylketonuria Does Not Depend on Metabolic Control and Is Not More Frequent Than in Healthy Subjects—A Cross-Sectional Study. Children 2021, 8, 713. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children8080713
Walkowiak M, Kałużny Ł, Mozrzymas R, Jamka M, Mikołuć B, Jagłowska J, Starostecka E, Nurgaliyeva R, Walkowiak J, Lisowska A. Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children with Phenylketonuria Does Not Depend on Metabolic Control and Is Not More Frequent Than in Healthy Subjects—A Cross-Sectional Study. Children. 2021; 8(8):713. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children8080713
Chicago/Turabian StyleWalkowiak, Marek, Łukasz Kałużny, Renata Mozrzymas, Małgorzata Jamka, Bożena Mikołuć, Joanna Jagłowska, Ewa Starostecka, Roza Nurgaliyeva, Jarosław Walkowiak, and Aleksandra Lisowska. 2021. "Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children with Phenylketonuria Does Not Depend on Metabolic Control and Is Not More Frequent Than in Healthy Subjects—A Cross-Sectional Study" Children 8, no. 8: 713. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/children8080713