Volatile Composition of Sparkling Wines of cv. Chardonnay Cultivated under Different Training Systems in Serra da Mantiqueira (Brazil)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design—Viticulture and Winemaking Conditions
2.2. Volatile Compounds Analysis
2.2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2.2. HS-SPME/GC-MS
2.2.3. Data Processing and Compound Assignment
2.2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Multivariate Analysis
3.1.1. Harvest Discrimination
3.1.2. Training System Differentiation
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound | ID | Component 1 | Component 2 | RT (min) | mKRI Literature | mKRI Obtained | Identification |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetaldehyde | 15 | −0.1534 | −0.0630 | 1.66 | 694 | 715 | MS, RI |
Dimethyl sulfide | 27 | −0.1279 | 0.1737 | 1.92 | 777 | 748 | MS, RI |
Ethyl acetate | 31 | −0.0647 | 0.0002 | 3.47 | 885 | 882 | MS, RI |
Ethanol | 29 | −0.0981 | 0.0518 | 5.09 | 926 | 955 | MS, RI |
Ethyl isobutyrate | 51 | 0.0505 | −0.0400 | 5.56 | 975 | 972 | MS, RI |
Ethyl butanoate | 25 | 0.1784 | −0.0247 | 7.77 | 1028 | 1045 | MS, RI |
Propanol | 7 | −0.0136 | −0.1219 | 8.00 | 1030 | 1053 | MS, RI |
Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate | 23 | −0.0661 | 0.0495 | 8.26 | 1073 | 1061 | MS, RI |
Ethyl isovalerate | 24 | 0.0812 | −0.0071 | 8.74 | 1082 | 1075 | MS, RI |
2-Methyl-1-propanol | 8 | −0.0420 | −0.1699 | 9.78 | 1077 | 1106 | MS, RI |
Isoamyl acetate | 2 | 0.2802 | −0.1777 | 10.33 | 1125 | 1126 | MS, RI |
Ethyl valerate | 48 | 0.0461 | −0.1925 | 10.71 | 1139 | 1140 | MS, RI |
Ethyl (E)-crotonate | 10 | 0.2455 | −0.1151 | 11.60 | 1158 | 1170 | MS, RI |
Methyl hexanoate | 38 | 0.1782 | 0.0013 | 12.26 | 1184 | 1191 | MS, RI |
3-Methyl-1-butanol | 1 | −0.0166 | −0.0551 | 13.14 | 1208 | 1224 | MS, RI |
Ethyl hexanoate | 37 | 0.1082 | 0.1071 | 13.73 | 1223 | 1246 | MS, RI |
Styrene | 53 | 0.1526 | −0.2320 | 14.21 | 1241 | 1264 | MS, RI |
Hexyl acetate | 18 | 0.2723 | −0.2054 | 14.65 | 1276 | 1280 | MS, RI |
Ethyl heptanoate | 34 | −0.1611 | 0.0789 | 16.20 | 1328 | 1342 | MS, RI |
Ethyl lactate | 50 | −0.0214 | −0.0121 | 16.48 | 1340 | 1354 | MS, RI |
Ethyl 2-hexenoate | 13 | 0.2388 | −0.0487 | 16.52 | 1336 | 1355 | MS, RI |
Isobutyl hexanoate | 36 | 0.0316 | −0.2970 | 16.69 | 1347 | 1362 | MS, RI |
Hexanol | 4 | 0.0466 | 0.2038 | 16.78 | 1357 | 1365 | MS, RI |
3-Hexen-1-ol, (E)- | 14 | 0.1744 | −0.4217 | 17.02 | 1366 | 1375 | MS, RI |
3-Ethoxypropanol | 9 | −0.0172 | −0.2072 | 17.38 | 1378 | 1389 | MS, RI |
Ethyl octanoate | 45 | 0.0374 | 0.1040 | 18.86 | 1428 | 1454 | MS, RI |
Acetic acid | 16 | 0.0578 | −0.0068 | 18.99 | 1465 | 1460 | MS, RI |
Isopentyl hexanoate | 39 | −0.0299 | −0.0768 | 19.20 | 1464 | 1469 | MS, RI |
Furfural | 32 | −0.2576 | 0.1309 | 19.30 | 1460 | 1474 | MS, RI |
Benzaldehyde | 19 | −0.0439 | −0.0680 | 20.70 | 1508 | 1537 | MS, RI |
Ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate | 47 | 0.0115 | −0.0531 | 21.07 | 1515 | 1554 | MS, RI |
Octanol | 6 | −0.0644 | 0.0378 | 21.38 | 1546 | 1569 | MS, RI |
Ethyl furoate | 12 | −0.1084 | 0.1468 | 22.72 | 1621 | 1634 | MS, RI |
Butanoic acid | 22 | 0.1521 | −0.2137 | 22.83 | 1637 | 1639 | MS, RI |
Ethyl decanoate | 26 | 0.0088 | 0.0715 | 23.04 | 1633 | 1650 | MS, RI |
Isoamyl octanoate | 44 | 0.0213 | 0.0759 | 23.42 | 1658 | 1668 | MS, RI |
Nonanol | 5 | 0.0048 | −0.1859 | 23.49 | 1666 | 1672 | MS, RI |
Diethyl succinate | 21 | −0.1651 | 0.2098 | 23.81 | 1687 | 1688 | MS, RI |
Ethyl-9-decenoate | 30 | −0.3067 | 0.2488 | 24.08 | 1689 | 1700 | MS, RI |
α-Terpineol | 54 | 0.1871 | 0.0733 | 24.31 | 1680 | 1713 | MS, RI |
Decanol | 3 | 0.1540 | −0.3653 | 25.46 | 1769 | 1774 | MS, RI |
Diethyl glutarate | 46 | −0.0574 | −0.0677 | 25.80 | 1780 | 1791 | MS, RI |
Ethyl phenylacetate | 20 | −0.0174 | 0.2171 | 25.98 | 1779 | 1800 | MS, RI |
Phenethyl acetate | 17 | 0.1777 | −0.1241 | 26.56 | 1825 | 1833 | MS, RI |
β -Damascenone | 52 | −0.0145 | −0.2596 | 26.73 | 1834 | 1842 | MS, RI |
Hexanoic acid | 35 | 0.0555 | −0.1095 | 26.96 | 1857 | 1855 | MS, RI |
Geranylacetone | 33 | −0.1935 | −0.4530 | 27.20 | 1862 | 1868 | MS, RI |
Phenylethyl alcohol | 49 | −0.1523 | 0.1007 | 28.32 | 1912 | 1931 | MS, RI |
Octanoic acid | 43 | 0.0814 | 0.0110 | 30.72 | 2070 | 2072 | MS, RI |
Nonanoic acid | 42 | 0.3173 | −0.1197 | 32.44 | 2169 | 2179 | MS, RI |
Hexyl salicylate | 41 | 0.1472 | 0.0067 | 33.30 | 2203 | 2235 | MS, RI |
Decanoic acid | 40 | 0.1389 | 0.0054 | 34.05 | 2281 | 2284 | MS, RI |
2-Ethylhexyl salicylate 1 | 11 | −0.1511 | 0.0325 | 34.62 | NF | 2322 | MS |
Dodecanoic acid | 28 | 0.3337 | 0.2406 | 37.18 | 2502 | 2500 | MS, RI |
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Bernardo, N.P.; Oliveira, A.d.; Mota, R.V.d.; Câmara, F.M.d.M.; Peregrino, I.; Regina, M.d.A.; Purgatto, E. Volatile Composition of Sparkling Wines of cv. Chardonnay Cultivated under Different Training Systems in Serra da Mantiqueira (Brazil). Foods 2022, 11, 1529. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11111529
Bernardo NP, Oliveira Ad, Mota RVd, Câmara FMdM, Peregrino I, Regina MdA, Purgatto E. Volatile Composition of Sparkling Wines of cv. Chardonnay Cultivated under Different Training Systems in Serra da Mantiqueira (Brazil). Foods. 2022; 11(11):1529. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11111529
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernardo, Naíssa Prévide, Aline de Oliveira, Renata Vieira da Mota, Francisco Mickael de Medeiros Câmara, Isabela Peregrino, Murillo de Albuquerque Regina, and Eduardo Purgatto. 2022. "Volatile Composition of Sparkling Wines of cv. Chardonnay Cultivated under Different Training Systems in Serra da Mantiqueira (Brazil)" Foods 11, no. 11: 1529. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/foods11111529