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Logistics, Volume 5, Issue 3 (September 2021) – 23 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Surges in e-commerce sales represent a huge challenge for urban freight transport. Parcel lockers constitute a valid solution for addressing the challenges that home deliveries imply, delivering in fewer predefined places and reducing missed deliveries to virtually zero. This paper analyses and compares consumer preferences for alternative collection strategies, investigating home delivery vs. parcel locker use and forecasting their future market shares. The case study considered tests upon a stated preference survey deployed in Rome, and results obtained through discrete choice models show that distance and accessibility are the main choice determinants, and there is an overall high propensity to adopt parcel lockers. This research can support policymakers when implementing such solutions. View this paper.
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15 pages, 1875 KiB  
Article
Model for Evaluating Outsourcing Logistics Companies in the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Cheng-An Tsai, Tien-Hwa Ho, Jyh-Shyan Lin, Chien-Chih Tu and Che-Wei Chang
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 64; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030064 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4719
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the world’s manufacturing industry, particularly in terms of the continued increase in logistics costs that has led to an increase in business operating costs. This study proposes a two-stage model for evaluating the most appropriate outsourcing logistics [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the world’s manufacturing industry, particularly in terms of the continued increase in logistics costs that has led to an increase in business operating costs. This study proposes a two-stage model for evaluating the most appropriate outsourcing logistics companies for a manufacturing factory. In the first stage, a modified Delphi method was used to recruit experienced experts to determine criteria for evaluating outsourcing logistics vendors and establish a hierarchical structure. In the second stage, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate suitable logistics companies based on the hierarchical structure. Finally, a case study was conducted to demonstrate the suitability of the two-stage model for evaluating outsourcing logistics companies for reducing logistics costs while maintaining service quality. The proposed model can be used as a basis for evaluating outsourcing logistics companies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Supply Chain Challenges under COVID-19)
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21 pages, 6466 KiB  
Article
Intelligent Vehicle Scheduling and Routing for a Chain of Retail Stores: A Case Study of Dhaka, Bangladesh
by M. Azizur Rahman, Al-Amin Hossain, Binoy Debnath, Zinnat Mahmud Zefat, Mohammad Sarwar Morshed and Ziaul Haq Adnan
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 63; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030063 - 14 Sep 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5788
Abstract
Background: Retail chains aim to maintain a competitive advantage by ensuring product availability and fulfilling customer demand on-time. However, inefficient scheduling and vehicle routing from the distribution center may cause delivery delays and, thus, stock-outs on the store shelves. Therefore, optimization of [...] Read more.
Background: Retail chains aim to maintain a competitive advantage by ensuring product availability and fulfilling customer demand on-time. However, inefficient scheduling and vehicle routing from the distribution center may cause delivery delays and, thus, stock-outs on the store shelves. Therefore, optimization of vehicle routing can play a vital role in fulfilling customer demand. Methods: In this research, a case study is formulated for a chain of retail stores in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Orders from various stores are combined, grouped, and scheduled for Region-1 and Region-2 of Dhaka City. The ‘vehicle routing add-on’ feature of Google Sheets is used for scheduling and navigation. An android application, Intelligent Route Optimizer, is developed using the shortest path first algorithm based on the Dijkstra algorithm. The vehicle navigation scheme is programmed to change the direction according to the shortest possible path in the google map generated by the intelligent routing optimizer. Results: With the application, the improvement of optimization results is evident from the reductions of traveled distance (8.1% and 12.2%) and time (20.2% and 15.0%) in Region-1 and Region-2, respectively. Conclusions: A smartphone-based application is developed to improve the distribution plan. It can be utilized for an intelligent vehicle routing system to respond to real-time traffic; hence, the overall replenishment process will be improved. Full article
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17 pages, 809 KiB  
Review
A Systematic Investigation of the Integration of Machine Learning into Supply Chain Risk Management
by Meike Schroeder and Sebastian Lodemann
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5030062 - 08 Sep 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6992
Abstract
The main objective of the paper is to analyze and synthesize existing scientific literature related to supply chain areas where machine learning (ML) has already been implemented within the supply chain risk management (SCRM) field, both in theory and in practice. Furthermore, we [...] Read more.
The main objective of the paper is to analyze and synthesize existing scientific literature related to supply chain areas where machine learning (ML) has already been implemented within the supply chain risk management (SCRM) field, both in theory and in practice. Furthermore, we analyzed which risks were addressed in the use cases as well as how ML might shape SCRM. For this purpose, we conducted a systematic literature review. The results showed that the applied examples relate primarily to the early identification of production, transport, and supply risks in order to counteract potential supply chain problems quickly. Through the analyzed case studies, we were able to identify the added value that ML integration can bring to the SCRM (e.g., the integration of new data sources such as social media or weather data). From the systematic literature analysis results, we developed four propositions, which can be used as motivation for further research. Full article
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13 pages, 1683 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Logistics Network Design for Delivery Operations with Time Horizons in B2B E-Commerce Platform
by Dhirendra Prajapati, M. Manoj Kumar, Saurabh Pratap, H. Chelladurai and Mohd Zuhair
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 61; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030061 - 06 Sep 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3562
Abstract
In the recent era, the rapidly increasing trend of e-commerce business creates opportunities for logistics service providers to grow globally. With this growth, the concern regarding the implementation of sustainability in logistic networks has received attention in recent years. Thus, in this work, [...] Read more.
In the recent era, the rapidly increasing trend of e-commerce business creates opportunities for logistics service providers to grow globally. With this growth, the concern regarding the implementation of sustainability in logistic networks has received attention in recent years. Thus, in this work, we have focused on the vehicle routing problem (VRP) to deliver the products in a lesser time horizon with driver safety concern considerations in business (B2B) e-commerce platforms. We proposed a sustainable logistics network that captures the complexities of suppliers, retailers, and logistics service providers. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) approach is applied to formulate a model to minimize total time associated with order processing, handling, packaging, shipping, and vehicle maintenance. Branch-and-bound algorithms in the LINGO optimization tool and genetic algorithm (GA) are used to solve the formulated mathematical model. The computational experiments are performed in eight different case scenarios (small-sized problem to large-sized problem) to validate the model. Full article
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20 pages, 805 KiB  
Article
Multicriteria Model Proposition to Support the Management of Systems of E-Waste Collection
by Ciro Henrique de Araújo Fernandes, Lucio Camara e Silva, Patricia Guarnieri and Bárbara de Oliveira Vieira
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics5030060 - 03 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3552
Abstract
Background: Considering the global concern in balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability, the study proposes a model to support multicriteria decision-making. From the systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis, there was an increasing trend in studies on electronic waste due to governments, stakeholders, [...] Read more.
Background: Considering the global concern in balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability, the study proposes a model to support multicriteria decision-making. From the systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis, there was an increasing trend in studies on electronic waste due to governments, stakeholders, and the population to better address the management of this waste; Methods: We propose a decision model considering some aspects and phases that help from collecting information to support decision making, based on the FITradeoff ordering method, to support policy decisions for managing Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) collection systems.; Results: After applying the proposed model, validated based on the perception of a decision-maker working in a federal public agency, we obtained the final classification with ten positions of alternatives; Conclusions: This outcome can assist in decision making and management of the collection of WEEE. In addition, we made recommendations to manufacturers have more responsibility in the design and traceability of the product to guarantee its recovery after disposal effectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainability and Reverse Logistics)
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21 pages, 2074 KiB  
Article
Production-Distribution Model Considering Traceability and Carbon Emission: A Case Study of the Indonesian Canned Fish Food Industry
by Dwi Iryaning Handayani, Ilyas Masudin, Ahmad Rusdiansyah and Judi Suharsono
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 59; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030059 - 03 Sep 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3466
Abstract
Background: Traceability systems and carbon emissions are two important factors involved in production and distribution activities. The involvement of these two factors in production and distribution activities along the supply chain will ensure the safety and quality of food through the manufacture, packaging [...] Read more.
Background: Traceability systems and carbon emissions are two important factors involved in production and distribution activities. The involvement of these two factors in production and distribution activities along the supply chain will ensure the safety and quality of food through the manufacture, packaging and distribution of products with minimal costs and in an environmentally friendly way. Objective: This study aimed to develop a model of canned fish food production and distribution integration by considering traceability and carbon emissions to minimize total costs. Method: A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach was used to develop mathematical models and the optimal solution of the model created was obtained using an open-source spreadsheet solver program. Results: The results show that the proposed models produce the minimum total production and distribution cost with high traceability and low carbon emissions. Conclusions: The sensitivity analysis from this study shows that there is a significant relationship between production, carbon emissions, and the total cost of production-distribution. Moreover, it was concluded that the production level, carbon emission level, and emission threshold can have a significant influence in the generation of the total carbon emissions. Full article
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15 pages, 1616 KiB  
Article
Transparency in Global Agribusiness: Transforming Brazil’s Soybean Supply Chain Based on Companies’ Accountability
by Gabriel Medina and Karim Thomé
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 58; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030058 - 25 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5547
Abstract
Background: Although agri-food supply chains have become fundamental for food security throughout the world, some are associated with negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts. This study explores the possibilities of transforming the governance in Brazil’s soybean supply chain based on stakeholders’ accountability. Methods: We [...] Read more.
Background: Although agri-food supply chains have become fundamental for food security throughout the world, some are associated with negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts. This study explores the possibilities of transforming the governance in Brazil’s soybean supply chain based on stakeholders’ accountability. Methods: We used secondary data from companies’ reports and statistical yearbooks to identify key stakeholders in the soybean supply chain as well as to explore trade-offs between reducing farming expansion into new agricultural frontiers and increasing investments in agro-industrial sectors. Results: The results reveal that at the global level, multinational corporations along with domestic groups should be held accountable for improving the governance of the soybean supply chain in Brazil since foreign multinationals control 65.4% of it. At the domestic level, losses in Brazil’s farming sector can either be offset by an 11% or 5.2% market share increase in the trading segment or in the whole supply chain, respectively, since Brazilian groups control 93.4% of the farming sector but only 7.1% of the agro-industrial sectors. Conclusions: Global accountability and domestic trade-offs are fundamental for transforming governance in global agri-food supply chains. They serve as a means for overcoming the current strategy of expansion into new farming frontiers. Full article
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16 pages, 2000 KiB  
Article
What Young E-Consumers Want? Forecasting Parcel Lockers Choice in Rome
by Gabriele Iannaccone, Edoardo Marcucci and Valerio Gatta
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 57; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030057 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5520
Abstract
Surges in e-commerce sales represent a huge challenge for urban freight transport. Parcel lockers constitute a valid solution for addressing the challenges home deliveries imply. In fact, eliminating courier–consumer contact (also relevant for health-related issues, as made evident by the COVID-19 pandemic) and [...] Read more.
Surges in e-commerce sales represent a huge challenge for urban freight transport. Parcel lockers constitute a valid solution for addressing the challenges home deliveries imply. In fact, eliminating courier–consumer contact (also relevant for health-related issues, as made evident by the COVID-19 pandemic) and delivering in fewer predefined places might help coping mechanisms for missed deliveries substantially. Furthermore, this option enables consolidated shipping and reduced delivery trip costs. This paper analyses and compares consumer preferences for alternative collection strategies. It investigates home delivery vs. parcel locker use and forecasts their future market shares. This is performed based on both customer socio-economic variables and the attributes characterising these alternative logistic fulfilment strategies. The case study considered tests upon a stated preference survey deployed in the city of Rome. The investigation specifically targeted young people (i.e., population under 30 years) since they represent early adopters. Discrete choice models allow both quantifying the monetary value of parcel lockers attributes (i.e., willingness to pay measures) and estimating the potential demand for this innovative delivery scheme. Results show that distance and accessibility are the main choice determinants. Furthermore, there is an overall high propensity to adopt parcel lockers. This research can support policymakers when implementing such solutions. Full article
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15 pages, 1535 KiB  
Article
Textual Data Science for Logistics and Supply Chain Management
by Horst Treiblmaier and Patrick Mair
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 56; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030056 - 23 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3186
Abstract
Background: Researchers in logistics and supply chain management apply a multitude of methods. So far, however, the potential of textual data science has not been fully exploited to automatically analyze large chunks of textual data and to extract relevant insights. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background: Researchers in logistics and supply chain management apply a multitude of methods. So far, however, the potential of textual data science has not been fully exploited to automatically analyze large chunks of textual data and to extract relevant insights. Methods: In this paper, we use data from 19 qualitative interviews with supply chain experts and illustrate how the following methods can be applied: (1) word clouds, (2) sentiment analysis, (3) topic models, (4) correspondence analysis, and (5) multidimensional scaling. Results: Word clouds show the most frequent words in a body of text. Sentiment analysis can be used to calculate polarity scores based on the sentiments that the respondents had in their interviews. Topic models cluster the texts based on dominating topics. Correspondence analysis shows the associations between the words being used and the respective managers. Multidimensional scaling allows researchers to visualize the similarities between the interviews and yields clusters of managers, which can also be used to highlight differences between companies. Conclusions: Textual data science can be applied to mine qualitative data and to extract novel knowledge. This can yield interesting insights that can supplement existing research approaches in logistics and supply chain research. Full article
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14 pages, 2689 KiB  
Article
Blockchain Solutions for International Logistics Networks along the New Silk Road between Europe and Asia
by Bernard Aritua, Clemens Wagener, Norbert Wagener and Michał Adamczak
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 55; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030055 - 16 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4294
Abstract
The primary research that underpins this paper seeks to explore the applications of blockchain technology on a specific international corridor and to draw policy implications for decision makers. To analyze the bottlenecks of operating on the New Silk Road and to identify opportunities [...] Read more.
The primary research that underpins this paper seeks to explore the applications of blockchain technology on a specific international corridor and to draw policy implications for decision makers. To analyze the bottlenecks of operating on the New Silk Road and to identify opportunities for applying the blockchain technology on this corridor, a survey was conducted among main train operators and experts working on this route. These responses provide insight into the issues related to the adoption of blockchain technology from front-line actors. The top three challenges are lack of capacities, congestion at transshipment terminals, and slow border crossing. Through the application of blockchain technology, the operators are presented with opportunities for improved accuracy in the processing of data and information, higher reliability of information flows through failure-free transfer of information, and improved traceability of supply chains through irrevocable input of status information. Currently, 50% of the respondents have started to implement blockchain applications or have an actual interest to apply blockchain solutions. For a wider implementation of blockchain solutions, business models need to be developed allowing private and permissioned access that is accepted and open for parties involved. Policy makers should facilitate these digital innovations through flexible and harmonized legal regulations on an international level. Full article
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20 pages, 7026 KiB  
Article
Introducing an Intelligent Goods Service Framework
by Åse Jevinger and Carl Magnus Olsson
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 54; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030054 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1999
Abstract
With the increasing diffusion of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, the transportation of goods sector is in a position to adopt novel intelligent services that cut across the otherwise highly fragmented and heterogeneous market, which today consists of a myriad of actors. Legacy [...] Read more.
With the increasing diffusion of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, the transportation of goods sector is in a position to adopt novel intelligent services that cut across the otherwise highly fragmented and heterogeneous market, which today consists of a myriad of actors. Legacy systems that rely upon direct integration between all actors involved in the transportation ecosystem face considerable challenges for information sharing. Meanwhile, IoT based services, which are designed as devices that follow goods and communicate directly to cloud-based backend systems, may provide services that previously were not available. For the purposes of this paper, we present a theoretical framework for classification of such intelligent goods systems based on a literature study. The framework, labelled as the Intelligent Goods Service (IGS) framework, aims at increasing the understanding of the actors, agents, and services involved in an intelligent goods system, and to facilitate system comparisons and the development of new innovative solutions. As an illustration of how the IGS framework can be used and contribute to research in this area, we provide an example from a direct industry-academia collaboration. Full article
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15 pages, 612 KiB  
Article
Paving the Path towards Efficient Construction Logistics by Revealing the Current Practice and Issues
by Ahmet Anil Sezer and Anna Fredriksson
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 53; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030053 - 06 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3406
Abstract
Multiple deliveries and long turnaround times on construction sites harm the environment and disturb on-site productivity and safety. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the transport patterns of construction material deliveries, including turnaround times. In order to investigate the number of [...] Read more.
Multiple deliveries and long turnaround times on construction sites harm the environment and disturb on-site productivity and safety. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the transport patterns of construction material deliveries, including turnaround times. In order to investigate the number of transports and turnaround times, transport data for 13 Swedish construction sites, which were collected with the help of booking systems, were used. By comparing data from the cases, several patterns were observed: (i) very few projects receive deliveries at weekends, (ii) almost all projects receive 50% of their daily deliveries before 09:00, (iii) long goods, standard euro pallets and lightweight goods (less than 500 kg) are the most common deliveries, (iv) trucks and delivery vans are the most common vehicles used and (v) goods to be handled by crane and lightweight goods generate the longest turnaround time/delivery. This is one of the rare studies revealing current practice and issues associated with material deliveries, which is a necessary first step to increase efficiency of construction logistics. This study shows that it is possible to influence these issues, as some projects performed better than others regarding turnaround times and transport. Full article
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27 pages, 12218 KiB  
Review
Optimization Models for Harvest and Production Planning in Agri-Food Supply Chain: A Systematic Review
by Tuğçe Taşkıner and Bilge Bilgen
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 52; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030052 - 05 Aug 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 7022
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research done on optimization models that focus on harvest and production planning for food crops. Optimization models have been used extensively in providing insights to decision-makers on issues related to harvest and production planning in [...] Read more.
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the research done on optimization models that focus on harvest and production planning for food crops. Optimization models have been used extensively in providing insights to decision-makers on issues related to harvest and production planning in agri-food supply chains. First, we conduct an extensive literature review on previous survey articles to distinguish our research from others. Based on the previous reviews, a new classification scheme is developed to classify articles systematically. Harvest and production planning problems in agri-food supply chains are analyzed through three sections: problem scope, model characteristics, and modeling approach. Neglected problem topics and several promising research directions are presented to stimulate research interest on agri-food supply chains specifically planning of harvest and production. Full article
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9 pages, 497 KiB  
Editorial
Exploring the Potentials of Automation in Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Paving the Way for Autonomous Supply Chains
by Benjamin Nitsche
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 51; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030051 - 03 Aug 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6503
Abstract
The world of logistics is changing and entering a new era. The advance of digitalization and technologization enables new business models, increased process efficiencies, novel planning approaches, and much more but, on the downside, there is also the risk of being lost in [...] Read more.
The world of logistics is changing and entering a new era. The advance of digitalization and technologization enables new business models, increased process efficiencies, novel planning approaches, and much more but, on the downside, there is also the risk of being lost in the maelstrom of developments. Within these developments, the automation of logistics processes and ultimately the design of autonomous logistics systems is one of the most defining trends that has far-reaching consequences for the planning and execution of future logistics processes. This Special Issue aims to contribute to the discussion and to get to the bottom of the question of how the path towards automated and autonomous logistics systems should be designed. This editorial lays a foundation by presenting application areas of automation and discussing the theoretical path towards autonomous logistics systems. The articles that follow provide highly practical insights into current research results on the automation and autonomization of informational and physical logistics processes. Full article
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18 pages, 1283 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Implications of the London Heathrow Airport Expansion for the Landside Freight Industry
by Ryan Lee, Moayad Shammut, Julian Allen, Xing Gao, Tianren Yang and Mengqiu Cao
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 50; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030050 - 12 Jul 2021
Viewed by 5293
Abstract
The air cargo industry is hugely important to national economies, trade, and development. Thus far, there has been limited research on the landside freight industry. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to extend the understanding of how alterations in the air cargo [...] Read more.
The air cargo industry is hugely important to national economies, trade, and development. Thus far, there has been limited research on the landside freight industry. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to extend the understanding of how alterations in the air cargo industry impact on its landside freight counterpart. It also seeks to explore the potential opportunities and challenges this presents, as well as the measures that can be taken to mitigate unsustainable development for the landside freight industry. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the views of key stakeholders, freight industry experts, and other professionals. Our findings show that, if the airport expansion went ahead, the opportunities would generally outweigh the challenges. Increased freight activities and other positive spinoffs would result in the long-term. Increased freight activities and employment were the prime positive implications. Conversely, increased delays due to congestion was the main negative implication. Measures suggested to mitigate the adverse effects of the London Heathrow Airport (LHR) expansion entailed strengthening of consolidation centre efforts, freight collaboration, intelligent booking systems, use of low-carbon technologies, smart scheduling for revising the timetabling of deliveries, and greater use of rail transport for air cargo. The research highlights novel insights regarding existing freight-related issues from industry and academic experts, and further thoughts in relation to increased cargo activities stemming from the LHR expansion. Full article
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21 pages, 2134 KiB  
Review
From Supply Chain 4.0 to Supply Chain 5.0: Findings from a Systematic Literature Review and Research Directions
by Guilherme F. Frederico
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 49; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030049 - 09 Jul 2021
Cited by 66 | Viewed by 11689
Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to present what the Industry 5.0 phenomenon means in the supply chain context. A systematic literature review method was used to get evidence from the current knowledge linked to this theme. The results have evidenced a [...] Read more.
The main purpose of this paper is to present what the Industry 5.0 phenomenon means in the supply chain context. A systematic literature review method was used to get evidence from the current knowledge linked to this theme. The results have evidenced a strong gap related to Industry 5.0 approaches for the supply chain field. Forty-one (41) publications, including conference and journal papers, have been found in the literature. Nineteen (19) words, which were grouped in four (4) clusters, have been identified in the data analysis. This was the basis to form the four (4) constructs of Industry 5.0: Industry Strategy, Innovation and Technologies, Society and Sustainability, and Transition Issues. Then, an alignment with the supply chain context was proposed, being the basis for the incipient Supply Chain 5.0 framework and its research agenda. Industry 5.0 is still in an embryonic and ideal stage. The literature is scarce and many other concepts and discoveries are going to emerge. Although this literature review is based on few available sources, it provides insightful and novel concepts related to Industry 5.0 in the supply chain context. Moreover, it presents a clear set of constructs and a structured research agenda to encourage researchers in deploying further conceptual and empirical works linked to the subject herein explored. Organizations’ leadership, policymakers, and other practitioners involved in supply chains, and mainly those currently working with Industry 4.0 initiatives, can benefit from this research by having clear guidance regarding the dimensions needed to structurally design and implement an Industry 5.0 strategy. This article adds valuable insights to researchers and practitioners, by approaching the newest and revolutionary concept of the Industry 5.0 phenomenon in the supply chain context, which is still an unexplored theme. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supply Chain 4.0: New Generation of Supply Chain Management)
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16 pages, 316 KiB  
Article
Disorders, Vulnerabilities and Resilience in the Supply Chain in Pandemic Times
by Catarina Ferreira, Catarina Cardoso, Mariana Travassos, Mariana Paiva, Micaela Pestana, João M. Lopes and Márcio Oliveira
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 48; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030048 - 05 Jul 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6739
Abstract
The economic and social environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has brought additional pressure on supply chains because they now have more pressure to develop and adapt to a context of economic constraint. Delays in the supply chain can bring consequences such as [...] Read more.
The economic and social environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has brought additional pressure on supply chains because they now have more pressure to develop and adapt to a context of economic constraint. Delays in the supply chain can bring consequences such as the lack of food products by retailers, transporters and manufacturers. Thus, this study aims to examine the supply chain during the COVID-19 pandemic in small- and medium-sized food companies in the central region of Portugal, identifying potential problems and pointing out the respective solutions. For this purpose, the study uses a qualitative methodology through semi-structured interviews. It was found that small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) do not have a codified supply chain and that generally, these companies have a minimal budget, which requires a constant search for new suppliers that represent a reduction in costs. Moreover, most of the companies surveyed faced unexpected challenges, such as a lack of alternative suppliers. The present paper is original because it studies the supply chain in SMEs in the food sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, and it allows the ascertainment of practical suggestions for these companies to improve, as well as contributing to the clarification of the literature on the supply chain in times of crisis such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Supply Chain Challenges under COVID-19)
16 pages, 462 KiB  
Article
Policy Implications on Transport Infrastructure–Trade Dynamics: Case of Turkey
by Duygu Şahan and Okan Tuna
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 47; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030047 - 02 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3554
Abstract
Transportation has a mediating position in international trade formation and in the past few decades, Turkey has invested substantially in transport infrastructure to increase connectivity and integration in global transport networks. Still, limited research has been conducted to understand channels and scope of [...] Read more.
Transportation has a mediating position in international trade formation and in the past few decades, Turkey has invested substantially in transport infrastructure to increase connectivity and integration in global transport networks. Still, limited research has been conducted to understand channels and scope of the transport infrastructure development impacts on foreign trade. The objective of this study is to evaluate short-run and long-run causal linkages between transport infrastructure, exports and imports in Turkey for the period between 1987–2019. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model is developed considering road and rail transport infrastructure components as well as information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure as a complement to quality transport networks. Results suggest that a speedy road network serves as a locomotive in trade development whereas rail infrastructure can be beneficial if a holistic connectivity plan is developed in a long-term perspective to improve multimodal transportation under a comprehensive, sustained transport policy. Besides, benefits of transport infrastructure investment can be realized in favor of export promotion rather than import growth if a comprehensive policy is followed. In that way transport infrastructure investment would become a stronger instrument to accomplish export competitiveness. Full article
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23 pages, 379 KiB  
Article
On Blockchain Integration with Supply Chain: Overview on Data Transparency
by Houssein Hellani, Layth Sliman, Abed Ellatif Samhat and Ernesto Exposito
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 46; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030046 - 02 Jul 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 7866
Abstract
Data transparency is essential in the modern supply chain to improve trust and boost collaboration among partners. In this context, Blockchain is a promising technology to provide full transparency across the entire supply chain. However, Blockchain was originally designed to provide full transparency [...] Read more.
Data transparency is essential in the modern supply chain to improve trust and boost collaboration among partners. In this context, Blockchain is a promising technology to provide full transparency across the entire supply chain. However, Blockchain was originally designed to provide full transparency and uncontrolled data access. This leads many market actors to avoid Blockchain as they fear for their confidentiality. In this paper, we highlight the requirements and challenges of supply chain transparency. We then investigate a set of supply chain projects that tackle data transparency issues by utilizing Blockchain in their core platform in different manners. Furthermore, we analyze the projects’ techniques and the tools utilized to customize transparency. As a result of the projects’ analyses, we identified that further enhancements are needed to set a balance between the data transparency and process opacity required by different partners, to ensure the confidentiality of their processes and to control access to sensitive data. Full article
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14 pages, 2195 KiB  
Article
Joint Inventory Replenishment Planning of an E-Commerce Distribution System with Distribution Centers at Producers’ Locations
by Bo Dai and Fenfen Li
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 45; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030045 - 01 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2987
Abstract
In this study, joint inventory replenishment planning of an Alibaba distribution system is investigated, which contributes to the circular economy concept. The distribution system includes suppliers, central distribution centers, and front distribution centers. The total replenishment cost of the distribution system can be [...] Read more.
In this study, joint inventory replenishment planning of an Alibaba distribution system is investigated, which contributes to the circular economy concept. The distribution system includes suppliers, central distribution centers, and front distribution centers. The total replenishment cost of the distribution system can be reduced by setting up distribution centers at producers’ locations (PDCs), which also helps to reduce the wastages of commodities during the transportation and CO2 emission released by transportation. The joint replenishments of multiple products are constrained by a maximum joint replenishment quantity. Trans-shipments happen among different distribution centers. The considered problem seeks to find the replenishment quantities of products among stocks, which can minimize the total replenishment cost of the system, and is formulated as a novel mathematical model. The effectiveness of our proposed model is validated by computational experiments based on Alibaba’s data. The results indicate that PDCs and trans-shipments can bring about lower replenishment costs if a common service level of the system is given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Last Mile, E-Commerce and Sales Logistics)
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15 pages, 1723 KiB  
Review
Defining and Measuring the Relevance of Criteria for the Evaluation of the Inflow of Goods in City Centers
by Mladen Jardas, Ana Perić Hadžić and Edvard Tijan
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 44; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030044 - 01 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2311
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to define and measure the relevance of the criteria for the evaluation of the inflow of goods in city centers, in order to improve delivery activities within city centers. The development of the city center leads to [...] Read more.
The aim of this paper is to define and measure the relevance of the criteria for the evaluation of the inflow of goods in city centers, in order to improve delivery activities within city centers. The development of the city center leads to the grouping of numerous business operators, which results in the increase of the quantity of goods entering the city center, causing additional traffic congestion, higher levels of noise and emissions of harmful gases. In the long term, this leads to major dissatisfaction with the quality of life among city residents. Therefore, the planning of goods delivery must be in line with the sustainable development of city logistics, while at the same time considering the interests of relevant stakeholders. However, in the existing literature the criteria for evaluating delivery flows have not been comprehensively identified or evaluated by the stakeholders of city centers. In order to fill the research gap, the authors have defined four groups of criteria: technical-technological, economic-financial, organizational and social criteria. To determine the relevance of these criteria, it was necessary to use the questionnaire method to collect data from the stakeholder groups defined by the literature review. Regarding the relevant stakeholders (carriers, delivery recipients, residents and urban policy makers), the results have pointed out that the technical-technological and organizational criteria groups are considered the most relevant by the stakeholders regarding the inflow of goods in city centers. Full article
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15 pages, 1984 KiB  
Review
Applications of Blockchain Technology in Logistics and Supply Chain Management—Insights from a Systematic Literature Review
by Moritz Berneis, Devis Bartsch and Herwig Winkler
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 43; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030043 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 8310
Abstract
The most successful applications of Blockchain Technology are still in the area of crypto-currencies, although both scientists and practitioners have discovered the potential of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management. There is a significant theoretical literature on Blockchain Technology, but there exists a [...] Read more.
The most successful applications of Blockchain Technology are still in the area of crypto-currencies, although both scientists and practitioners have discovered the potential of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management. There is a significant theoretical literature on Blockchain Technology, but there exists a lack of published case studies and concrete examples. This paper discusses whether this shortcoming is due to insufficient added value of the technology and identifies other possible reasons. Furthermore, this paper introduces Blockchain Technology, describes the origins of Bitcoin, the structure and core properties of the Blockchain, and examines smart contracts. A comprehensive and structured literature analysis identifies concepts for the use of Blockchain Technology in logistics in terms of economic benefits. Additionally, a cluster analysis regarding the topics of the relevant literature was conducted. One finding of the study is that Blockchain Technology is particularly worthwhile for goods with a high value. Moreover, if the trade volume of the respective goods is low, the advantages of BCT are maximized. At the same time, the demand for transparency and immutability of data must be more important than the protection of sensitive data. In addition to concrete use cases of Blockchains, an exemplary logistics process will be presented within the Luxury Supply Chain, showing the advantages of Blockchain Technology for each individual process step. Full article
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19 pages, 916 KiB  
Article
Model for Assessing Information Logistics Systems in Banks: Lithuanian Case Study
by Asta Valackiene and Rasa Andrijauskaite
Logistics 2021, 5(3), 42; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/logistics5030042 - 28 Jun 2021
Viewed by 2939
Abstract
This study aims to provide valuable insights into the information logistics process and to ensure the effectiveness of its systems in the business environment by discussing the banking sector. In this regard, this study investigates the information logistics system of a bank’s IT [...] Read more.
This study aims to provide valuable insights into the information logistics process and to ensure the effectiveness of its systems in the business environment by discussing the banking sector. In this regard, this study investigates the information logistics system of a bank’s IT service center. For this purpose, the instruments for transfer of the bank Z information logistics system were empirically tested in order to highlight the assessment factors; the various factors related to the bank Z information logistics management methodologies and the methods were examined. The key findings and contributions were achieved, i.e., we developed a systematic model for assessing information logistics systems in a bank. The model explains the adaptation of various methodologies and techniques of information logistics systems in the banking sector and justifies the platform of interaction of information logistics processes. The first part of the article introduces the concept of information logistics systems and unpacks its development and management methodologies and processes. The second part introduces the research methodology for assessing information logistics systems. The results highlight the system of management processes applied to the information logistics and discuss the areas and tools for improving this system. The main outcome of this research is presented in the third part, where the systematic model for assessing information logistics systems is developed. This model distinguishes the stages of information logistics cycles and the levels of the information logistics environments. It indicates the information logistics methodologies and techniques linking to the six types of management processes in the IT service center of a bank. The developed model helps to make the assessment of the information cycle more efficient and demonstrates a customizable result which can be adapted by other companies within their IT service centers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Logistics Cooperation: Integrated Logistics Services)
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