Photocatalytic Degradation of a Systemic Herbicide: Picloram from Aqueous Solution Using Titanium Oxide (TiO2) under Sunlight
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Chemicals and Materials
2.2. Photocatalytic Degradation of Picloram
3. Results
3.1. The Changes of UV-Vis Spectra
3.2. Influence of TiO2 Dosage
3.3. Influence of pH
3.4. Influence of Intensity of Light
3.5. Influence of Temperature
3.6. Influence of Irradiation Time
3.7. Kinetics
3.8. Mineralization
3.9. Identification of Photoproducts and Photocatalytic Degradation Mechanism
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Capillary column | CP-Sil 8 CB (φ = 0.25 mm × 30 m) |
Column temperature program | 50 °C (1 min) ⇒ up 15 °C/min ⇒ 280 °C (10 min) |
Injector temperature | 280 °C |
Interface temperature | 280 °C |
Carrier gas | He (99.9%), 81.6 mL/min |
Ionization | Electron- impact (EI) mode |
Injected volume | 1 μL |
Atom | Frontier Electron Density (FED) | Point Charge (PC) | Atom | Frontier Electron Density (FED) | Point Charge (PC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N(1) | 0.149 | −0.128 | Cl(9) | 0.032 | 0.049 |
C(2) | 0.261 | 0.023 | Cl(10) | 0.077 | 0.024 |
C(3) | 0.351 | −0.126 | C(11) | 0.044 | 0.357 |
C(4) | 0.117 | 0.155 | O(12) | 0.047 | −0.338 |
C(5) | 0.349 | −0.153 | O(13) | 0.010 | −0.259 |
C(6) | 0.169 | 0.047 | H(14) | 0 | 0.258 |
N(7) | 0.335 | −0.418 | H(15) | 0 | 0.259 |
Cl(8) | 0.059 | 0.005 | H(16) | 0 | 0.245 |
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Islam, M.R.; Islam, J.B.; Furukawa, M.; Tateishi, I.; Katsumata, H.; Kaneco, S. Photocatalytic Degradation of a Systemic Herbicide: Picloram from Aqueous Solution Using Titanium Oxide (TiO2) under Sunlight. ChemEngineering 2020, 4, 58. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemengineering4040058
Islam MR, Islam JB, Furukawa M, Tateishi I, Katsumata H, Kaneco S. Photocatalytic Degradation of a Systemic Herbicide: Picloram from Aqueous Solution Using Titanium Oxide (TiO2) under Sunlight. ChemEngineering. 2020; 4(4):58. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemengineering4040058
Chicago/Turabian StyleIslam, Md. Rakibul, Jahida Binte Islam, Mai Furukawa, Ikki Tateishi, Hideyuki Katsumata, and Satoshi Kaneco. 2020. "Photocatalytic Degradation of a Systemic Herbicide: Picloram from Aqueous Solution Using Titanium Oxide (TiO2) under Sunlight" ChemEngineering 4, no. 4: 58. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/chemengineering4040058