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Quantum Beam Sci., Volume 2, Issue 1 (March 2018) – 7 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Diffuse neutron scattering in the hk0 section of the molecular crystal d-benzil, C14D10O2, at two different temperatures measured on the CORELLI instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, (Oak Ridge, TN, USA). Since the scattering is due to thermal excitations the scattering is mostly inelastic with only the Bragg peaks being purely elastic. CORELLI uses a statistical chopper and cross-correlation analysis to distinguish elastic and inelastic events. View Paper here.
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11 pages, 6228 KiB  
Article
Laser Requirements for High-Order Harmonic Generation by Relativistic Plasma Singularities
by Alexander S. Pirozhkov, Timur Zh. Esirkepov, Tatiana A. Pikuz, Anatoly Ya. Faenov, Akito Sagisaka, Koichi Ogura, Yukio Hayashi, Hideyuki Kotaki, Eugene N. Ragozin, David Neely, James K. Koga, Yuji Fukuda, Masaharu Nishikino, Takashi Imazono, Noboru Hasegawa, Tetsuya Kawachi, Hiroyuki Daido, Yoshiaki Kato, Sergei V. Bulanov, Kiminori Kondo, Hiromitsu Kiriyama and Masaki Kandoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Quantum Beam Sci. 2018, 2(1), 7; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/qubs2010007 - 20 Mar 2018
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4263
Abstract
We discuss requirements on relativistic-irradiance (I0 > 1018 W/cm2) high-power (multi-terawatt) ultrashort (femtosecond) lasers for efficient generation of high-order harmonics in gas jet targets in a new regime discovered recently (Pirozhkov et al., 2012). Here, we present the [...] Read more.
We discuss requirements on relativistic-irradiance (I0 > 1018 W/cm2) high-power (multi-terawatt) ultrashort (femtosecond) lasers for efficient generation of high-order harmonics in gas jet targets in a new regime discovered recently (Pirozhkov et al., 2012). Here, we present the results of several experimental campaigns performed with different irradiances, analyse the obtained results and derive the required laser parameters. In particular, we found that the root mean square (RMS) wavefront error should be smaller than ~100 nm (~λ/8). Further, the angular dispersion should be kept considerably smaller than the diffraction divergence, i.e., μrad level for 100–300-mm beam diameters. The corresponding angular chirp should not exceed 10−2 μrad/nm for a 40-nm bandwidth. We show the status of the J-KAREN-P laser (Kiriyama et al., 2015; Pirozhkov et al., 2017) and report on the progress towards satisfying these requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser-Driven Quantum Beams)
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4 pages, 393 KiB  
Editorial
Facilities in Quantum Beam Science
by Klaus-Dieter Liss
Quantum Beam Sci. 2018, 2(1), 6; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/qubs2010006 - 27 Feb 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3551
Abstract
The year 2017 saw the birth of the journal Quantum Beam Science [1] which is dedicated to the sources and properties of quantum beam radiation [...]
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(This article belongs to the Collection Facilities)
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23 pages, 9107 KiB  
Review
Investigation of Structure and Dynamics in Disordered Materials Using Containerless Techniques with In-Situ Quantum Beam and Thermophysical Property Measurements
by Shinji Kohara, Koji Ohara, Takehiko Ishikawa, Haruka Tamaru and Richard Weber
Quantum Beam Sci. 2018, 2(1), 5; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/qubs2010005 - 26 Feb 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4565
Abstract
The use of levitation (containerless) techniques can enable new scientific discoveries because deeply undercooled and metastable liquids can be achieved over a wide temperature range. This review article summarizes the state-of-art instrumentation for structure measurements at synchrotron radiation/neutron sources and for thermophysical property [...] Read more.
The use of levitation (containerless) techniques can enable new scientific discoveries because deeply undercooled and metastable liquids can be achieved over a wide temperature range. This review article summarizes the state-of-art instrumentation for structure measurements at synchrotron radiation/neutron sources and for thermophysical property measurements not only on the ground but also in microgravity utilizing the International Space Station (ISS). Furthermore, we introduce recent scientific topics on high-temperature oxide liquids and oxide glasses synthesized from levitated undercooled liquids by the use of quantum beam measurements analyzed using advanced computation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Reviews in Quantum Beam Science)
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33 pages, 13353 KiB  
Review
X-Ray Diffraction under Extreme Conditions at the Advanced Light Source
by Camelia V. Stan, Christine M. Beavers, Martin Kunz and Nobumichi Tamura
Quantum Beam Sci. 2018, 2(1), 4; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/qubs2010004 - 23 Jan 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 9906
Abstract
The more than a century-old technique of X-ray diffraction in either angle or energy dispersive mode has been used to probe materials’ microstructure in a number of ways, including phase identification, stress measurements, structure solutions, and the determination of physical properties such as [...] Read more.
The more than a century-old technique of X-ray diffraction in either angle or energy dispersive mode has been used to probe materials’ microstructure in a number of ways, including phase identification, stress measurements, structure solutions, and the determination of physical properties such as compressibility and phase transition boundaries. The study of high-pressure and high-temperature materials has strongly benefitted from this technique when combined with the high brilliance source provided by third generation synchrotron facilities, such as the Advanced Light Source (ALS) (Berkeley, CA, USA). Here we present a brief review of recent work at this facility in the field of X-ray diffraction under extreme conditions, including an overview of diamond anvil cells, X-ray diffraction, and a summary of three beamline capabilities conducting X-ray diffraction high-pressure research in the diamond anvil cell. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Reviews in Quantum Beam Science)
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12 pages, 21210 KiB  
Article
Coherent Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering Study of Magnetic Textures in FeGe
by Victor Ukleev, Yuichi Yamasaki, Daisuke Morikawa, Naoya Kanazawa, Yoshihiro Okamura, Hironori Nakao, Yoshinori Tokura and Taka-hisa Arima
Quantum Beam Sci. 2018, 2(1), 3; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/qubs2010003 - 19 Jan 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6244
Abstract
Coherent resonant soft X-ray scattering was utilized to examine the magnetic textures in a thin plate of the cubic B20 compound FeGe. Small-angle scattering patterns were measured with controlled temperatures and magnetic fields exhibiting magnetic scattering from a helical texture and skyrmion lattice. [...] Read more.
Coherent resonant soft X-ray scattering was utilized to examine the magnetic textures in a thin plate of the cubic B20 compound FeGe. Small-angle scattering patterns were measured with controlled temperatures and magnetic fields exhibiting magnetic scattering from a helical texture and skyrmion lattice. By measuring the scattering pattern in a saturation magnetic field, magnetic and charge scattering were distinguished and an iterative phase retrieval algorithm was applied to reconstruct the magnetic texture in the real-space. Results of the real-space reconstruction of magnetic texture from two independently measured datasets were used to compare the reliability of the retrieval. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetic Materials and Magnetism)
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11 pages, 1927 KiB  
Review
Single Crystal Diffuse Neutron Scattering
by Richard Welberry and Ross Whitfield
Quantum Beam Sci. 2018, 2(1), 2; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/qubs2010002 - 11 Jan 2018
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6553
Abstract
Diffuse neutron scattering has become a valuable tool for investigating local structure in materials ranging from organic molecular crystals containing only light atoms to piezo-ceramics that frequently contain heavy elements. Although neutron sources will never be able to compete with X-rays in terms [...] Read more.
Diffuse neutron scattering has become a valuable tool for investigating local structure in materials ranging from organic molecular crystals containing only light atoms to piezo-ceramics that frequently contain heavy elements. Although neutron sources will never be able to compete with X-rays in terms of the available flux the special properties of neutrons, viz. the ability to explore inelastic scattering events, the fact that scattering lengths do not vary systematically with atomic number and their ability to scatter from magnetic moments, provides strong motivation for developing neutron diffuse scattering methods. In this paper, we compare three different instruments that have been used by us to collect neutron diffuse scattering data. Two of these are on a spallation source and one on a reactor source. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Reviews in Quantum Beam Science)
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14 pages, 5398 KiB  
Article
Development of Focusing Plasma Mirrors for Ultraintense Laser-Driven Particle and Radiation Sources
by Robbie Wilson, Martin King, Ross J. Gray, David C. Carroll, Rachel J. Dance, Nicholas M. H. Butler, Chris Armstrong, Steve J. Hawkes, Robert J. Clarke, David J. Robertson, Cyril Bourgenot, David Neely and Paul McKenna
Quantum Beam Sci. 2018, 2(1), 1; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/qubs2010001 - 09 Jan 2018
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6657
Abstract
Increasing the peak intensity to which high power laser pulses are focused can open up new regimes of laser-plasma interactions, resulting in the acceleration of ions to higher energies and more efficient generation of energetic photons. Low f-number focusing plasma mirrors, which re-image [...] Read more.
Increasing the peak intensity to which high power laser pulses are focused can open up new regimes of laser-plasma interactions, resulting in the acceleration of ions to higher energies and more efficient generation of energetic photons. Low f-number focusing plasma mirrors, which re-image and demagnify the laser focus, provide an attractive approach to producing higher intensities, without requiring significant changes to the laser system. They are small, enhance the pulse intensity contrast and eliminate the requirement to expose expensive optics directly to target debris. We report on progress made in a programme of work to design, manufacture and optimise ellipsoidal focusing plasma mirrors. Different approaches to manufacturing these innovative optics are described, and the results of characterisation tests are presented. The procedure developed to align the optics is outlined, together with initial results from their use with a petawatt-level laser. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser-Driven Quantum Beams)
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