Brief Review of Minimum or No-Till Seeders in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Minimum or No-Till Seeding Anti-Blocking Technology and Machine
2.1. Straw-Flowing Anti-Blocking Technology
2.2. Gravity-Cutting Stubble Anti-Blocking Technology
2.3. Power-Driven Anti-Blocking Technology
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions and Prospect
4.1. Strengthening Research on Basic Theories and Integration Mechanisms
4.2. Building a Big Data-Sharing Platform for Seeding Operations
4.3. Establishing and Improving Specific Systems of Minimum and No-Till Seeders with China Character
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Disc Type | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|
Flat disc |
| Low straw cutting rate under high-strength soil and high straw quantity environment [28,29]. |
| ||
Ripple disc |
| Compared with a flat disc, the greater disturbance to the soil is shown under the same conditions, and the higher material technology levels are required [29,31]. |
| ||
Notched disc |
| Greater traction, complex processing technology, and high production cost are required [29,31]. |
|
Anti-Blocking Device | Structure | Structural Composition | Features |
---|---|---|---|
Residues break and anti-blocking device [32] | [32] |
| The stubble cutting resistance of the device is small, and the machine mass is reduced. The ridge shape is maintained while avoiding the formation of new furrows. |
Asymmetric large-small double discs ditching device [33] | [33] |
| The straw is cut by the large disc in advance, and the seed furrow is cleaned by the small disc. A stable effect of ditching operation can be achieved under the condition of the medium corn straw mulching. |
Star-toothed concave disk row cleaners [34,35] | [34,35] |
| Each star tooth is cut in sequence to ensure the stability of the working depth. Its performance is better than that of the flat claw wheel type anti-blocking device. The leakage area between the straw cleaning discs can be eliminated by the two discs. The working width can be controlled and adjusted in real time. |
Disc Type | Seeder Type | Structure | Technical Characteristics |
---|---|---|---|
Ripple disc | Dongfanghong 2BMQZ-2 trailed finger clip no-tillage seeder [36] | [36] | The machine adopts reinforced seeding unit, metal finger-clamp type seed metering device and powerful spring. An intelligent monitoring system is used to monitor the seeding quality in real time. Working row spacing is 400–700 mm (adjustable), using double disc opener, working speed varies from 6–10 km/h. |
DEBONT 2BMG-4 (1405-Z) no-tillage precision seeder [37] | [37] | The machine adopts the rippled disc used to loosen the soil and break the stubble. It is equipped with a two-way involute tooth type grass divider, an upper double-side synchronous transmission mechanism, and a six-in-one monitor. The operating speed ranges from 6–8 km/h. | |
Mu Shen 2BMF-20 split type no-tillage fertilizer seeder [38] | [38] | The machine adopts a central pivot suspension structure to connect the turbo ripple disc stubble-breaking mechanism with the seeder matched with a high-power tractor. It is suitable for arid and semi-arid areas, which stubble-breaking ditching, sowing, fertilizing, soil covering, suppression, and other functions can be completed at one time. Working width ranges from 3.81–4.57 m. | |
Notched disc | Jilin Kangda 2BMZF-6 no-till finger clamp precision fertilizer seeder [39] | [39] | The machine adopts double discs and notched discs used for ditching and breaking the stubble. The positive pressure ranges from 400–900 N and the seeding row spacing is 400–650 mm. The whole machine weights 1400 kg, and the number of operating rows is 2–6. |
Anti-Blocking Device | Structure | Structural Composition | Features |
---|---|---|---|
Hob field straw chopping device [40] | [40] |
| This machine is limited to cotton straw. The problems of large power consumption, dust and bad working condition are solved. |
Supported roll-cutting anti-blocking mechanism [41] | [41] |
| The machine is designed for cutting corn residues effectively. Compared with the unsupported anti-blocking device, the cut-off rate is higher, and the power consumption is more minor. |
Anti-blocking device of rotary cutting with slide plate pressing straw [42,43] | [42,43] |
| The cutting speed is low. The safety performance of the device is guaranteed. The trafficability of the machine is improved. |
Anti-Blocking Device | Structure | Structural Composition | Features |
---|---|---|---|
Mechanism for broken stubble blockades [44] | [44] |
| The straw is cut by a pair of angled trapezoidal cutter, which creates favorable conditions for subsequent seed germination and emergence. |
Star-gear blade type of anti-blocking device [45] | [45] |
| The blade is driven by power to cut the straw covering the ground. It has the characteristics of strong sliding ability. |
Spiral-split sowing strip cleaning device [46] | [46] |
| The straw can be cut and transported to the left and right sides of the seed belt, which is beneficial to the rise of ground temperature and the germination of seeds. |
Straw-removing anti-blocking device [47,48] | [47,48] |
| The straw is shifted to one side of the seed bed along the tangent direction of the rotary knife tip. It is suitable for the situation of high stubble of wheat and full amount of straw returned to the field. |
Anti-Blocking Device | Structure | Structural Composition | Features |
---|---|---|---|
Strip tillage inter-row residue side-throwing device [49] | [49] |
| A secondary cutting is formed by the tilted blade and the arc-shaped fixed blade. The amount of soil backflow can be increased by the V-type board for soil guidance. |
Round roller-claw anti-blocking mechanism [50] | [50] |
| The device has an auxiliary guiding effect on the straw at a higher position above the surface, and the lower end of the mechanism can quickly pull out a large amount of surface straw at a relatively high linear speed. |
Cleaning mechanism on account of Archimedes spiral [51] | [51] |
| The device guides the stalks to climb, making them rise and stack. It alleviates the local concentration of stalks caused when the stalks are pulled out of the seedling belt in parallel. |
Equipment for strawcrushing and seed-belt classification [52] | [52] |
| The straw is shifted to one side of the seed bed along the tangent direction of the rotary blade. It is suitable for the situation of high stubble of wheat and full amount of straw returned to the field. |
Spring-tooth stubble cleaning device [53] | [53] |
| The device has the advantages of a small amount of soil tillage and overload protection. While ensuring the quality of stubble removal in the working width, it can effectively reduce the stubble returning. |
Gas blowing anti-blocking device [54] | [54] |
| The device is suitable for covering the land with straw length less than 10 cm after cleaning the stubble. The shallow-rotating stubble knife is combined with a fan to prevent blocking by air blowing. |
Device Type | Seeder Type | Structure | Technical Characteristics |
---|---|---|---|
Disc + Straw Throwing board | Xinle Xinglong 2BMQF-6/12 full return to field anti-winding no-tillage fertilizer seeder [55] | [55] | The machine adopts the new technology that a furrow opener is with a guillotine blade. The anti-blocking part adopts the combination of disc serrated blade and grass throwing board, which can realize multiple processes such as side cutting, separation, and furrowing of the straw and rhizome on the planting seedling belt at one time. The operating speed ranges from 2–5 km/h, and the corn plant spacing is 135–269 mm, which can be adjusted in 6 levels. |
Rotary Knife | Haofeng 2BXS-12A no-tillage fertilizer seeder [56] | [56] | The machine adopts full-disc openers and double-row staggered openers to break stubble by rotary tillage. Operations such as rotary tillage, soil cutting, straw chopping, and stubble removing can be completed at one time. The number of operating lines is 12, and the supporting power ranges from 51.5–66.2 kW. |
Dahua Bora 2BMYFC series no-tillage precision seeder [57] | [57] | The machine adopts a driving rotary seed belt cleaning device, which one operation can complete multiple processes such as seed belt cleaning, fertilization under the seed side, precision seeding, and suppression. A newer independent profiling mechanism is installed on both the seeding legs and the suppression wheel, equipped with a precision seed metering device of the finger-clamp type. | |
Spindle-through shaft type anti-wrapping auger mechanism | Hebei Nonghaha 2BYFSF-4 power anti-wrapping corn no-tillage fertilizing seeder [58] | [58] | The machine adopts a shovel opener, which grain-like fertilizers can be applied in a row. The processes of ditching, fertilizing, and planting can be completed at one time. The plant spacing is adjustable from 80 to 360 mm. The row spacing is 600 mm, and the supporting power is from 29.4 to 58.8 kW. |
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Jiang, S.; Wang, Q.; Zhong, G.; Tong, Z.; Wang, X.; Xu, J. Brief Review of Minimum or No-Till Seeders in China. AgriEngineering 2021, 3, 605-621. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agriengineering3030039
Jiang S, Wang Q, Zhong G, Tong Z, Wang X, Xu J. Brief Review of Minimum or No-Till Seeders in China. AgriEngineering. 2021; 3(3):605-621. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agriengineering3030039
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Shan, Qingjie Wang, Guangyuan Zhong, Zhenwei Tong, Xiuhong Wang, and Jing Xu. 2021. "Brief Review of Minimum or No-Till Seeders in China" AgriEngineering 3, no. 3: 605-621. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agriengineering3030039