Characterization of Chemical and Bacterial Compositions of Dairy Wastewaters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Collection
2.2. Chemical Analysis of Dairy Wastewater
2.3. Metabarcoding Analysis of Dairy Wastewater
2.3.1. Preparation of Samples and Genomic DNA Extraction
2.3.2. Quantification of 16S Gene Copies, High-Throughput Amplicon Sequencing and Bioinformatics
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Chemical Characteristics and Composition of Dairy Wastewaters
3.2. Bacterial Communities Founds in Dairy Fluids
4. Discussion
4.1. Differences in the Chemical Characteristics of White and Cleaning Wastewater
4.2. Bacterial Genera Found in Dairy White Wastewaters
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Indicator 1 | Plant A | Plant B |
---|---|---|
pH | 8.23 ± 0.07 b | 12.45 ± 0.19 a |
TS (g/L) | 0.50 ± 0.04 b | 3.12 ± 0.24 a |
Ash (g/L) | 0.16 ± 0.0 b | 0.73 ± 0.03 a |
Lactose (g/L) | 0.33 ± 0.03 b | 2.22 ± 0.18 a |
Protein (g/L) | 0.01 ± 0.00 b | 0.15 ± 0.00 a |
Fat (g/L) | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.03 ± 0.02 a |
COD (mg/L) | 21.50 ± 0.71 b | 354.50 ± 2.12 a |
BOD5 (mg/L) | 4.50 ± 0.71 | ND 2 |
Component 1 | Acid CW | Alkaline CW | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Plant A | Plant B | Plant A | Plant B | |
pH | 1.82 ± 0.06 c | 1.17 ± 0.01 d | 12.59 ± 0.01 a | 12.31 ± 0.10 b |
EC (μS/cm) | 5.35 ± 0.10 d | 14.25 ± 0.13 c | 67.97 ± 2.70 a | 30.06 ± 0.65 b |
TS (g/L) | 0.74 ± 0.04 c | 0.93 ± 0.02 d | 28.06 ± 0.38 a | 9.59± 0.56 b |
TSS (g/L) | 0.02 ± 0.00 d | 0.01 ± 0.00 c | 0.19 ± 0.06 b | 0.21± 0.02 a |
Ca2+ (mg/L) | 12.22 ± 1.45 d | 177.04 ± 0.43 a | 45.15 ± 1.76 b | 18.81 ± 1.98 c |
Mg2+ (mg/L) | 1.89 ± 0.17 b | 7.07 ± 0.05 a | 0.82 ± 0.10 c | 0.23 ± 0.03 d |
K+ (mg/L) | 0.76 ± 0.09 d | 1.57 ± 0.06 c | 9.41 ± 0.26 a | 6.48 ± 0.07 b |
Na+ (mg/L) | 155 ± 13 c | 23 ± 4 d | 10,665 ±191 a | 4033 ± 46 b |
COD (mg/L) | 25 ± 1 d | 26 ± 0 c | 1500 ± 7 a | 475 ± 62 b |
BOD5 (mg/L) | ND 2 | ND | ND | ND |
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Alalam, S.; Ben-Souilah, F.; Lessard, M.-H.; Chamberland, J.; Perreault, V.; Pouliot, Y.; Labrie, S.; Doyen, A. Characterization of Chemical and Bacterial Compositions of Dairy Wastewaters. Dairy 2021, 2, 179-190. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/dairy2020016
Alalam S, Ben-Souilah F, Lessard M-H, Chamberland J, Perreault V, Pouliot Y, Labrie S, Doyen A. Characterization of Chemical and Bacterial Compositions of Dairy Wastewaters. Dairy. 2021; 2(2):179-190. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/dairy2020016
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlalam, Sabine, Farah Ben-Souilah, Marie-Hélène Lessard, Julien Chamberland, Véronique Perreault, Yves Pouliot, Steve Labrie, and Alain Doyen. 2021. "Characterization of Chemical and Bacterial Compositions of Dairy Wastewaters" Dairy 2, no. 2: 179-190. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/dairy2020016