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Sinusitis, Volume 5, Issue 1 (June 2021) – 10 articles

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11 pages, 445 KiB  
Article
Persistent Nasal Obstruction: An Expression of the Pro-Inflammatory State?
by Fernando M. Calatayud-Sáez, Blanca Calatayud and Ana Calatayud
Sinusitis 2021, 5(1), 90-100; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sinusitis5010010 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4121
Abstract
Introduction: During the first years of life, the oro-pharyngeal lymphoid tissue gradually increases in size, causing in some children difficulty breathing and often leading to surgical removal of the tonsils and adenoids. The objective of the study is to assess the effects of [...] Read more.
Introduction: During the first years of life, the oro-pharyngeal lymphoid tissue gradually increases in size, causing in some children difficulty breathing and often leading to surgical removal of the tonsils and adenoids. The objective of the study is to assess the effects of the Mediterranean diet in children who had chronic upper airway obstruction. Material and methods: This was a prospective study pre-test/post-test comparison. Eighty-seven patients from two to eight years old were recruited. A food reeducation program based on the Mediterranean diet was applied for one year. Clinical, therapeutic, and anthropometric variables were studied. Results: The degree of nasal obstruction decreased in 95.1% of the patients. After the nutritional intervention, the number of colds with bacterial complications decreased by 80.26%; 60.9% had no bacterial complications during the year of the study. The use of antibiotics decreased by 81.94%. Symptomatic treatment decreased by 61.2%. Most patients did not require surgical intervention, and clinical evolution suggested that it would no longer be necessary. Conclusions: We can conclude by saying that the application of the traditional Mediterranean diet could be effective in the prevention and treatment of persistent nasal obstruction, limiting pharmacological and surgical intervention in many of these patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Sinusitis 2021)
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19 pages, 2654 KiB  
Review
A Review on the Medicinal and Pharmacological Properties of Traditional Ethnomedicinal Plant Sonapatha, Oroxylum indicum
by Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
Sinusitis 2021, 5(1), 71-89; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sinusitis5010009 - 25 May 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 9453
Abstract
Oroxylum indicum, Sonapatha is traditionally used to treat asthma, biliousness, bronchitis, diarrhea, dysentery, fevers, vomiting, inflammation, leukoderma, skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, wound injury, and deworm intestine. This review has been written by collecting the relevant information from published material on various ethnomedicinal and [...] Read more.
Oroxylum indicum, Sonapatha is traditionally used to treat asthma, biliousness, bronchitis, diarrhea, dysentery, fevers, vomiting, inflammation, leukoderma, skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, wound injury, and deworm intestine. This review has been written by collecting the relevant information from published material on various ethnomedicinal and pharmacological aspects of Sonapatha by making an internet, PubMed, SciFinder, Science direct, and Google Scholar search. Various experimental studies have shown that Sonapatha scavenges different free radicals and possesses alkaloids, flavonoids, cardio glycosides, tannins, sterols, phenols, saponins, and other phytochemicals. Numerous active principles including oroxylin A, chrysin, scutellarin, baicalein, and many more have been isolated from the different parts of Sonapatha. Sonapatha acts against microbial infection, cancer, hepatic, gastrointestinal, cardiac, and diabetic disorders. It is useful in the treatment of obesity and wound healing in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Sonapatha elevates glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels and reduces aspartate transaminase alanine aminotransaminase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lipid peroxidation levels in various tissues. Sonapatha activates the expression of p53, pRb, Fas, FasL, IL-12, and caspases and inhibited nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin (IL6), P38 activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), fatty acid synthetase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins 1c (SREBP-1c), proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2), glucose transporter (GLUT4), leptin, and HPV18 oncoproteins E6 and E7 at the molecular level, which may be responsible for its medicinal properties. The phytoconstituents of Sonapatha including oroxylin A, chrysin, and baicalein inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in in vitro and in vivo experimental models, indicating its potential to contain COVID-19 infection in humans. The experimental studies in various preclinical models validate the use of Sonapatha in ethnomedicine and Ayurveda. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Sinusitis 2021)
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4 pages, 9630 KiB  
Case Report
The “Scrubbing Brush Technique” for Access to Tight Lateral Recess of the Sphenoid Sinus: A Single Case Report
by Margaret Zhang, Somasundram Subramaniam and Chew Lip Ng
Sinusitis 2021, 5(1), 67-70; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sinusitis5010008 - 01 Apr 2021
Viewed by 5093
Abstract
Access to the lateral recess has always been a difficult task, especially in cases where the entrance to the lateral recess is very narrow. Various strategies have been described to approach it. Our study proposes a unique method of clearing debris in patients [...] Read more.
Access to the lateral recess has always been a difficult task, especially in cases where the entrance to the lateral recess is very narrow. Various strategies have been described to approach it. Our study proposes a unique method of clearing debris in patients with concretions within the lateral recess. The “scrubbing brush technique” is based on easily accessible tools and has the exceptional advantage of being user friendly and having minimal potential side effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Research in Chronic Rhinosinusitis)
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8 pages, 6045 KiB  
Article
The Role of Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy and a Computed Tomography Scan (Nose and PNS) in the Assessment of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Comparative Evaluation of the Two Techniques
by Karthika Nathan, Sudhir Kumar Majhi, Rohit Bhardwaj, Ankur Gupta, Sabarirajan Ponnusamy, Chirayata Basu and Aditya Kaushal
Sinusitis 2021, 5(1), 59-66; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sinusitis5010007 - 02 Mar 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5330
Abstract
Introduction: The objective components of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) diagnosis require confirmatory findings from either diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE) or a computed tomography (CT) scan. Chronic rhinosinusitis affects a significant population worldwide, imposing a huge toll on the human economy as well as on [...] Read more.
Introduction: The objective components of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) diagnosis require confirmatory findings from either diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE) or a computed tomography (CT) scan. Chronic rhinosinusitis affects a significant population worldwide, imposing a huge toll on the human economy as well as on quality of life. Thus, it is particularly important to define a cost-effective and easily available diagnostic tool for it. Hence, we have conducted this study with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of DNE in comparison with CT for evaluating CRS. Material and Methods: Eighty participants fulfilling the diagnostic symptom criteria of CRS underwent CTs of their noses and paranasal sinuses (PNS) and DNE. Standard Lund–Mackay and Lund–Kennedy scores were awarded to all participants based on the CT and DNE. A comparative analysis was done. Results: DNE in comparison to CT had 92.31% sensitivity, 73.33% specificity, 93.75% positive predictive value, 68.75% negative predictive value, and 88.75% diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: We suggest that nasal endoscopy be used as an early diagnostic tool in the clinical assessment of suspected CRS patients (based on the diagnostic symptom criteria). DNE helps to decrease the usage of CT, thereby decreasing cost and radiation exposure. Computed tomography may be added for patients having anatomical defects (affecting endoscopic visualization) or refractory disease, and where surgery has been planned. Full article
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6 pages, 1333 KiB  
Article
Odontogenic Maxillary Sinusitis: Therapeutic Management of Cases with Oroantral Fistulae
by Yasutaka Yun, Masao Yagi, Tomofumi Sakagami, Shunsuke Sawada, Yuka Kojima, Tomoe Nakatani, Risaki Kawachi, Kensuke Suzuki, Hideyuki Murata, Akira Kanda, Mikiya Asako and Hiroshi Iwai
Sinusitis 2021, 5(1), 53-58; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sinusitis5010006 - 01 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5874
Abstract
Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is a disease in which inflammation from the teeth extend into the maxillary sinus, causing symptoms of unilateral sinusitis. OMS can recur, with some being resistant to antibiotics. In intractable cases, exodontia and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are necessary [...] Read more.
Odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (OMS) is a disease in which inflammation from the teeth extend into the maxillary sinus, causing symptoms of unilateral sinusitis. OMS can recur, with some being resistant to antibiotics. In intractable cases, exodontia and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are necessary treatments. Here we report our analysis on the indications for surgical intervention in cases diagnosed with and treated as OMS. We retrospectively examined 186 patients who were diagnosed with sinusitis on a computed tomography (CT) scan. For cases diagnosed with OMS, the site of the causative tooth and the presence or absence of oroantral fistula to the maxillary sinus was examined. In addition, we analyzed the therapeutic efficacy of the initial treatment of antibiotics, and what the indications were for ESS. Among the patients examined, OMS was diagnosed in 44 cases (23.6%). In 14 out of 20 cases that underwent a post-medical treatment CT scan, OMS found to be treatment-resistant. Of these 14 cases, 12 (88%) had oroantral fistulae to the maxillary sinus. In all cases where exodontia, fistula closure surgery, and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were performed, the fistula disappeared and the shadow of inflammation in the paranasal sinus improved. In OMS with oroantral fistula, ESS, exodontia, and fistula closure should be recommended over medication such as macrolide therapy. Full article
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8 pages, 748 KiB  
Review
Immunological and microRNA Features of Allergic Rhinitis in the Context of United Airway Disease
by Kremena Naydenova, Vasil Dimitrov and Tsvetelina Velikova
Sinusitis 2021, 5(1), 45-52; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sinusitis5010005 - 19 Feb 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4617
Abstract
Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) may contribute to lower respiratory airways’ inflammation. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and related cytokines are also involved in the immunological mechanism of AR along with the classical Th2 cells. It is [...] Read more.
Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) may contribute to lower respiratory airways’ inflammation. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and related cytokines are also involved in the immunological mechanism of AR along with the classical Th2 cells. It is hypothesized that upon Th2 pressure, the inflammatory response in the lungs may lead to Th17-induced neutrophilic inflammation. However, the findings for interleukin-17 (IL-17) are bidirectional. Furthermore, the role of Th17 cells and their counterpart—T regulatory cells—remains unclear in AR patients. It was also shown that a regulator of inflammation might be the individual circulating specific non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs), which were distinctively expressed in AR and bronchial asthma (BA) patients. However, although several circulating miRNAs have been related to upper and lower respiratory tract diseases, their function and clinical value are far from being clarified. Still, they can serve as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing, characterizing, and providing therapeutic targets for anti-inflammatory treatment along with the confirmed contributors to the pathogenesis—Th17 cells and related cytokines. The narrow pathogenetic relationship between the nose and the bronchi, e.g., upper and lower respiratory tracts, confirms the concept of unified airway diseases. Thus, there is no doubt that AR and BA should be diagnosed, managed, and treated in an integrated manner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases)
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13 pages, 806 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Operative Coding for Endoscopic Sinonasal Procedures: Quality Improvement in Practice
by Bassem Mettias, Joshua D. Whittaker and Yujay Ramakrishnan
Sinusitis 2021, 5(1), 32-44; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sinusitis5010004 - 04 Feb 2021
Viewed by 3180
Abstract
Objective: investigate the impact of an intraoperative coding sticker (ICS) on the accuracy of coding in endoscopic sinonasal procedures. Methods: this was a two-cycle audit evaluating the accuracy (and financial impact) of intraoperative coding of sinonasal procedures at a single tertiary [...] Read more.
Objective: investigate the impact of an intraoperative coding sticker (ICS) on the accuracy of coding in endoscopic sinonasal procedures. Methods: this was a two-cycle audit evaluating the accuracy (and financial impact) of intraoperative coding of sinonasal procedures at a single tertiary centre. An ICS was introduced following consultation with the coding department. The accuracy of coding was measured before (cycle 1) and after (cycle 2) the ICS was introduced to a pilot firm and compared to a control firm. The ICS was used in 35% of the pilot firm cases. Results: the accuracy of clinical coding for endoscopic sinus surgery was 60% in the first cycle. Switching to the ICS has improved the accuracy in that firm from 50% in first cycle to 70% in the second cycle (p = 0.936; Chi-squared test). The median reimbursement for endoscopic sinus surgery was equal in both cycles of £1493.00 per patient. However, inaccurate coding resulted in £109.92 excess tariff payment in first cycle and £130.96 deficiency in the second cycle. Users of ICS reported it to be easy to use for clinicians, staff and clinical coders, whilst minimizing human error. Conclusions: The integration of the ICS improves the coding in sinonasal procedures and offers low-fidelity option alternative to live coding on the computer. The accuracy was not statistically significant in the study possibly due to the low number of observations. This can allow a precise coding standard with reliable service remuneration. Full article
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15 pages, 2599 KiB  
Article
Anti-Asthmatic Effects of Saffron Extract and Salbutamol in an Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Model of Allergic Asthma
by Pranav Nair and Kedar Prabhavalkar
Sinusitis 2021, 5(1), 17-31; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sinusitis5010003 - 24 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5777
Abstract
Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways often characterized by airway remodeling and influx of inflammatory cells into the airways. Saffron (C. sativus) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and immunomodulatory properties. Salbutamol is known to relax airway smooth [...] Read more.
Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways often characterized by airway remodeling and influx of inflammatory cells into the airways. Saffron (C. sativus) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and immunomodulatory properties. Salbutamol is known to relax airway smooth muscles. Objective: To investigate the combined anti-asthmatic effect of C. sativus extract (CSE) and salbutamol in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in rats. Materials and methods: Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by OVA challenge and treated with CSE (30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg i.p.) and salbutamol (0.5 mg/kg p.o) for 28 days. After the induction period, various hematological, biochemical, molecular (ELISA) and histological analyses were performed. Results: OVA-induced alterations observed in hematological parameters (total and differential cell counts observed in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) were significantly attenuated (p < 0.01) by CSE (30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) and salbutamol (0.5 mg/kg). The treatment combination also significantly decreased (p < 0.01) the levels of total protein and albumin in serum, BALF and lung tissues. Treatment with CSE and salbutamol significantly attenuated (p < 0.01) increase in OVA induced Th2 cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13). Histopathological analysis of lung tissue showed that combined effect of CSE and salbutamol treatment ameliorated OVA-induced inflammatory influx and ultrastructural aberrations. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study show that the combined effect of CSE and salbutamol exhibited anti-asthmatic properties via its anti-inflammatory effect and by alleviating Th2 mediated immune response. Thus, this treatment combination could be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for management of asthma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases)
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12 pages, 676 KiB  
Article
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Sinus and Nasal Allergies among Tannery Workers of Kanpur City
by Gyan Chandra Kashyap, Deepanjali Vishwakarma and Shri Kant Singh
Sinusitis 2021, 5(1), 5-16; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sinusitis5010002 - 11 Jan 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 8342
Abstract
India is greatly afflicted by sinusitis, which is a condition that involves inflaming sinuses (the air cavities in the nasal passage) in your nose, according to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). The study’s objective was to evaluate the prevalence [...] Read more.
India is greatly afflicted by sinusitis, which is a condition that involves inflaming sinuses (the air cavities in the nasal passage) in your nose, according to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). The study’s objective was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of sinus and nasal allergies among tannery workers of Kanpur city. The study has used primary datasets obtained from a cross-sectional household study of tannery workers from the Jajmau area of Kanpur in northern India, which was conducted during January–June 2015 as part of a doctoral program. The study covered 286 tannery workers from the study area. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between outcome variables (self-reported prevalence of sinus and nasal allergies) and predictor variables (socioeconomic and work-related characteristics). Results portray that a higher proportion of the tannery workers belong to economically and socially backward classes. Overall, 13.4 and 12.3% of sinus and nasal allergy prevalence have been reported by tannery workers, whereas tannery workers from the oldest age group were those who mainly suffered. A study found that the severity of nasal and sinus allergies increases with the increasing age and work duration in the tannery. Workers with low exposure to airborne dust were significantly more likely to develop sinus problems (OR = 4.16; p < 0.05) than those without exposure. Those tannery workers suffering from nasal allergy were more prone to develop sinus problems than those who were not suffering from nasal allergy. The risk factors responsible for these health hazards can be eliminated by improving the overall working conditions and ensuring necessary protective regulations for the tannery workers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases)
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4 pages, 1073 KiB  
Case Report
Low-Grade B Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder Masquerading as Chronic Rhinosinusitis
by Rory Chan, Chris RuiWen Kuo and Brian Lipworth
Sinusitis 2021, 5(1), 1-4; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/sinusitis5010001 - 11 Jan 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3838
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common persistent disorders of the developed world, requiring input from various specialists including primary care physicians, otolaryngologists, respiratory physicians, and allergologists. B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (BLPDs) are a heterogenous group of malignant conditions defined by an [...] Read more.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common persistent disorders of the developed world, requiring input from various specialists including primary care physicians, otolaryngologists, respiratory physicians, and allergologists. B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (BLPDs) are a heterogenous group of malignant conditions defined by an accumulation of mature B lymphocytes in the bone marrow, blood, and lymphoid tissues. We present a case report of an elderly man with rhinosinusitis-like symptoms and atypical features prompting further investigations that culminated in a diagnosis of BLPD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Allergic Rhinosinusitis and Airway Diseases)
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