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Electron. Mater., Volume 2, Issue 1 (March 2021) – 4 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Stable solid oxide, Li3PO4, could be activated easily by P2S5, which was dissolved in organic solvent. The reaction occurred at room temperature and was evidenced by UV–Vis. The final product, Li3PS3O, was detected by 31P solid nuclear magnetic resonance. Improvements of ionic conductivity at room temperature and activation energy were obtained with the formation of the oxysulfide compounds. This study might be of interest to researchers who are working on not only solid electrolyte synthesis but also on the sulfide–oxide interface. View this paper
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10 pages, 12620 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Li3PS4–Li3PO4 Solid Electrolytes by Liquid-Phase Shaking for All-Solid-State Batteries
by Nguyen H. H. Phuc, Takaki Maeda, Tokoharu Yamamoto, Hiroyuki Muto and Atsunori Matsuda
Electron. Mater. 2021, 2(1), 39-48; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronicmat2010004 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3701
Abstract
A solid solution of a 100Li3PS4·xLi3PO4 solid electrolyte was easily prepared by liquid-phase synthesis. Instead of the conventional solid-state synthesis methods, ethyl propionate was used as the reaction medium. The initial stage of the [...] Read more.
A solid solution of a 100Li3PS4·xLi3PO4 solid electrolyte was easily prepared by liquid-phase synthesis. Instead of the conventional solid-state synthesis methods, ethyl propionate was used as the reaction medium. The initial stage of the reaction among Li2S, P2S5 and Li3PO4 was proved by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the solid solution was formed up to x = 6. At x = 20, XRD peaks of Li3PO4 were detected in the prepared sample after heat treatment at 170 °C. However, the samples obtained at room temperature showed no evidence of Li3PO4 remaining for x = 20. Solid phosphorus-31 magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy results proved the formation of a POS33− unit in the sample with x = 6. Improvements of ionic conductivity at room temperature and activation energy were obtained with the formation of the solid solution. The sample with x = 6 exhibited a better stability against Li metal than that with x = 0. The all-solid-state half-cell employing the sample with x = 6 at the positive electrode exhibited a better charge–discharge capacity than that employing the sample with x = 0. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers of Electronic Materials)
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15 pages, 3491 KiB  
Article
Far-Red to Near Infrared Emissive Aqueous Nanoparticles Based on a New Organic Material with Three BODIPY Dyes at the Periphery of the Core: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
by Benedetta M. Squeo, Aggelos Avramopoulos, Alkmini D. Nega, Aristea Pavlou, Michael G. Siskos, Panagiota Koralli, Andriana Schiza, Antonia Dimitrakopoulou-Strauss, Vasilis G. Gregoriou and Christos L. Chochos
Electron. Mater. 2021, 2(1), 24-38; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronicmat2010003 - 18 Jan 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3425
Abstract
A new organic material with three 4,4-difluoro-4-borata-3a-azonia-4a-aza-s-indacene dyes (BODIPYs) at the periphery of the central core is successfully synthesized (3BDP3T) and its corresponding aqueous nanoparticles are prepared via the encapsulation approach and characterized in detail both experimentally and theoretically with the [...] Read more.
A new organic material with three 4,4-difluoro-4-borata-3a-azonia-4a-aza-s-indacene dyes (BODIPYs) at the periphery of the central core is successfully synthesized (3BDP3T) and its corresponding aqueous nanoparticles are prepared via the encapsulation approach and characterized in detail both experimentally and theoretically with the aid of the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The linear and non-linear optical properties of the synthesized material are also studied. Until now, the development of organic materials with three BODIPYs as substituents is limited and their properties are not fully resolved. The obtained 3BDP3T-based nanoparticles exhibit far-red and near infrared (NIR) emission with photoluminescence quantum yields of 0.021, which is promising as a new fluorescent contrast agent in the far-red and NIR spectral regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Conjugated Polymers for Bioimaging Applications)
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7 pages, 1271 KiB  
Article
Hysteresis-Free Piezoresponse in Thermally Strained Ferroelectric Barium Titanate Films
by Marina Tyunina, Jan Miksovsky, Tomas Kocourek and Alexandr Dejneka
Electron. Mater. 2021, 2(1), 17-23; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronicmat2010002 - 14 Jan 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2560
Abstract
Modern technology asks for thin films of sustainable piezoelectrics, whereas electro-mechanical properties of such films are poorly explored and controlled. Here, dynamic and quasi-static polarization, dielectric, and piezoelectric responses were experimentally studied in thin-film stacks of barium titanate sandwiched between electrodes and grown [...] Read more.
Modern technology asks for thin films of sustainable piezoelectrics, whereas electro-mechanical properties of such films are poorly explored and controlled. Here, dynamic and quasi-static polarization, dielectric, and piezoelectric responses were experimentally studied in thin-film stacks of barium titanate sandwiched between electrodes and grown on top of strontium titanate substrate. Accurate piezoelectric characterization was secured by using double beam interferometric technique. All out-of-plane responses were found to be hysteresis-free. Effective piezoelectric coefficient ~50 pm/V and linear strain-voltage characteristic were achieved. The observed behavior was ascribed to field induced out-of-plane polarization, whereas spontaneous polarization is in-plane due to in-plane tensile thermal strain. Hysteresis-free linear piezoresponse was anticipated in thin films on commercial silicon substrates, enabling large thermal strain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electronic Processes in Ferroelectrics)
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16 pages, 3278 KiB  
Article
Ta2O5/SiO2 Multicomponent Dielectrics for Amorphous Oxide TFTs
by Jorge Martins, Asal Kiazadeh, Joana V. Pinto, Ana Rovisco, Tiago Gonçalves, Jonas Deuermeier, Eduardo Alves, Rodrigo Martins, Elvira Fortunato and Pedro Barquinha
Electron. Mater. 2021, 2(1), 1-16; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/electronicmat2010001 - 29 Dec 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4206
Abstract
Co-sputtering of SiO2 and high-κ Ta2O5 was used to make multicomponent gate dielectric stacks for In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors (IGZO TFTs) under an overall low thermal budget (T = 150 °C). Characterization of the multicomponent layers and of the TFTs [...] Read more.
Co-sputtering of SiO2 and high-κ Ta2O5 was used to make multicomponent gate dielectric stacks for In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors (IGZO TFTs) under an overall low thermal budget (T = 150 °C). Characterization of the multicomponent layers and of the TFTs working characteristics (employing them) was performed in terms of static performance, reliability, and stability to understand the role of the incorporation of the high-κ material in the gate dielectric stack. It is shown that inherent disadvantages of the high-κ material, such as poorer interface properties and poor gate insulation, can be counterbalanced by inclusion of SiO2 both mixed with Ta2O5 and as thin interfacial layers. A stack comprising a (Ta2O5)x(SiO2)100 − x film with x = 69 and a thin SiO2 film at the interface with IGZO resulted in the best performing TFTs, with field-effect mobility (µFE) ≈ 16 cm2·V−1·s−1, subthreshold slope (SS) ≈ 0.15 V/dec and on/off ratio exceeding 107. Anomalous Vth shifts were observed during positive gate bias stress (PGBS), followed by very slow recoveries (time constant exceeding 8 × 105 s), and analysis of the stress and recovery processes for the different gate dielectric stacks showed that the relevant mechanism is not dominated by the interfaces but seems to be related to the migration of charged species in the dielectric. The incorporation of additional SiO2 layers into the gate dielectric stack is shown to effectively counterbalance this anomalous shift. This multilayered gate dielectric stack approach is in line with both the large area and the flexible electronics needs, yielding reliable devices with performance suitable for successful integration on new electronic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers of Electronic Materials)
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