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Eng, Volume 1, Issue 1 (September 2020) – 4 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): The energetic and environmental performance of a prospective cogeneration biomass gasification plant, situated in Thessaly, Greece, is evaluated via a combined process simulation and life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Gasification of the most common local agricultural residues is simulated. The effect of temperature, equivalence ratio, and biomass moisture content on the gasification efficiency is established. The gasifier model is then upscaled to account for the operation of a 1 and 2.25 MWth cogeneration plant. Performance results from the process simulations are subsequently used as input for the prospective plant operation LCA. Key conclusion is the quantification of carbon dioxide mitigation and non-renewable energy savings by comparing the biomass cogeneration unit operation against conventional reference cases. View this paper
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12 pages, 2720 KiB  
Article
Utilization of Water-Cooled and Air-Cooled Slag Aggregate in Concrete: A Solution to the Secular Economy
by Ahmed Maher El-Tair, Ramez Bakheet, Mohamed Samy El-Feky, Mohamed Kohail and Shatirah Akib
Eng 2020, 1(1), 48-59; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/eng1010004 - 21 Sep 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3155
Abstract
Aggregates are generally thought of as inert filler within a concrete mix, and a typical concrete mix is comprised of as much as 70–80% of them. They play an essential role in the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. Nowadays, scientists are [...] Read more.
Aggregates are generally thought of as inert filler within a concrete mix, and a typical concrete mix is comprised of as much as 70–80% of them. They play an essential role in the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. Nowadays, scientists are aiming to use waste materials, thereby replacing natural aggregates for economic and environmental considerations. This study investigates the effect of the utilization of steel slag by-product aggregates (air- and water-cooled slag) as concrete aggregates on the behavior characteristics of concrete. Various concrete mixtures, with different levels of replacement of slag aggregate (50, 75, and 100%), were conducted in order to find the optimum percentages to improve the microstructure and different properties of concrete (fresh and hardened). The results showed that increasing the fine aggregate replacement percentage led to a decrease in compressive strength values, in contrast with coarse aggregate replaced with slag aggregate. The steel slag aggregates showed potential to be used as replacement for natural aggregate with comparable compressive strength and acceptable workability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in Hydraulics and Water Engineering)
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17 pages, 3759 KiB  
Article
Wave Dispersion in Multilayered Reinforced Nonlocal Plates under Nonlinearly Varying Initial Stress
by Mohammad Reza Farajpour, Ali Reza Shahidi and Ali Farajpour
Eng 2020, 1(1), 31-47; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/eng1010003 - 21 Sep 2020
Viewed by 1841
Abstract
This paper deals with the effects of initial stress on wave propagations in small-scale plates with shape memory alloy (SMA) nanoscale wires. The initial stress is exerted on the small-scale plate along both in-plane directions. A scale-dependent model of plates is developed for [...] Read more.
This paper deals with the effects of initial stress on wave propagations in small-scale plates with shape memory alloy (SMA) nanoscale wires. The initial stress is exerted on the small-scale plate along both in-plane directions. A scale-dependent model of plates is developed for taking into consideration size influences on the wave propagation. In addition, in order to take into account the effects of SMA nanoscale wires, the one-dimensional Brinson’s model is applied. A set of coupled differential equations is obtained for the non-uniformly prestressed small-scale plate with SMA nanoscale wires. An exact solution is obtained for the phase and group velocities of the prestressed small-scale system. The influences of non-uniformly distributed initial stresses as well as scale and SMA effects on the phase and group velocities are explored and discussed. It is found that initial stresses as well as the orientation and volume fraction of SMA nanoscale wires can be used as a controlling factor for the wave propagation characteristics of small-scale plates. Full article
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29 pages, 3362 KiB  
Article
Integrating LCA with Process Modeling for the Energetic and Environmental Assessment of a CHP Biomass Gasification Plant: A Case Study in Thessaly, Greece
by Ioannis Voultsos, Dimitrios Katsourinis, Dimitrios Giannopoulos and Maria Founti
Eng 2020, 1(1), 2-30; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/eng1010002 - 21 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3109
Abstract
The energetic and environmental performance of a cogeneration biomass gasification plant, situated in Thessaly, Greece is evaluated via a methodology combining process simulation and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Initially, the gasification process of the most common agricultural residues found in the Thessaly region [...] Read more.
The energetic and environmental performance of a cogeneration biomass gasification plant, situated in Thessaly, Greece is evaluated via a methodology combining process simulation and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Initially, the gasification process of the most common agricultural residues found in the Thessaly region is simulated to establish the effect of technical parameters such as gasification temperature, equivalence ratio and raw biomass moisture content. It is shown that a maximum gasification efficiency of approximately 70% can be reached for all feedstock types. Lower efficiency values are associated with increased raw biomass moisture content. Next, the gasifier model is up-scaled, achieving the operation of a 1 MWel and 2.25 MWth cogeneration plant. The Life Cycle Assessment of the operation of the cogeneration unit is conducted using as input the performance data from the process simulation. Global Warming Potential and the Cumulative Demand of Non-Renewable Fossil Energy results suggest that the component which had the major share in both impact categories is the self-consumption of electricity of the plant. Finally, the key conclusion of the present study is the quantification of carbon dioxide mitigation and non-renewable energy savings by comparing the biomass cogeneration unit operation with conventional reference cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Valorization of Material Wastes for Environmental, Energetic and Biomedical Applications)
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1 pages, 144 KiB  
Editorial
Eng—Advances in Engineering—A New Open Access Journal for An Interdisciplinary Community
by Antonio Gil Bravo
Eng 2020, 1(1), 1; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/eng1010001 - 13 Aug 2020
Viewed by 1940
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in industrial production and global demand for materials and technology; a situation that has created immediate environmental needs [...] Full article
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