Sex-Gender Differences in Diabetic Retinopathy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number | SEX | HbA1c ≤ 7% | HbA1c > 7% | HbA1c > 8% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NRD | 5936 | MEN | 51.9% | 48.1% | 14.0% |
4443 | WOMEN | 48.8% | 51.2% | 14.8% | |
NPDR | 1269 | MEN | 42.0% | 58.0% * | 18.8% ** |
813 | WOMEN | 33.9% | 66.1% * | 25.2% ** | |
PPDR | 499 | MEN | 27.9% | 72.1% | 29.1% |
307 | WOMEN | 25.4% | 74.6% | 29.4% |
NDR | NPDR | PPDR | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | MEN | 68.1 ± 8.6 | 74.0 ± 10.2 ₸ | 73.1 ± 8.0 ₸ |
WOMEN | 68.8 ± 9.0 | 75.3 ± 9.9 ₡ | 73.0 ± 8.1 ₡ | |
DD (years) | MEN | 10.1 ± 5.4 | 17.0 ± 9.9 ₸. *** | 21 ± 10 ₸ |
WOMEN | 10.4 ± 5.4 | 20.3 ± 10.7 ₡ | 22 ± 10 ₡ | |
BMI (kg/m2) | MEN | 29.4 ± 3.7 | 29.0 ± 6 | 30.0 ± 5.2 |
WOMEN | 29.8 ±4.7 | 31.1 ± 12 | 31.4 ± 6.8 | |
HbA1c (%) | MEN | 6.8 ± 0.9 * | 7.3 ± 1.4 ₸. * | 7.8 ± 1.1 ₸. * |
WOMEN | 7.0 ± 0.9 | 7.5 ± 1.3 ₡ | 8.3 ± 1.7 ₡ | |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | MEN | 162 ± 27 *** | 163 ± 35 | 156 ± 38 |
WOMEN | 174 ± 27 | 168 ± 39 | 160 ± 39 | |
HDL (mg/dL) | MEN | 44 ± 9 *** | 45 ± 12 *** | 42 ± 9.9 ** |
WOMEN | 51 ± 10 | 51 ± 16 | 49 ± 13 | |
LDL (mg/dL) | MEN | 115 ± 62 | 96 ± 46 *** | 100 ± 50 |
WOMEN | 114 ± 4 | 110 ± 66 | 118 ± 42 | |
TG (mg/dL) | MEN | 105 ± 32 *** | 116 ± 31 | 90 ± 28 |
WOMEN | 104 ± 31 | 116 ± 30 | 92 ± 38 | |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | MEN | 88.0 ± 32.4 *** | 96.0 ± 46 *** | 103.5 ± 44.9 |
WOMEN | 74.0 ± 31.0 | 82. 8 ± 44.1 ₵ | 91.8 ± 66.7 ₵ | |
AER (mg/L) | MEN | 32 ± 108 *** | 56 ± 159 ₸. *** | 85 ± 178 ₸. * |
WOMEN | 26 ± 94 | 16 ± 45 | 45 ± 112 | |
eGFR (mL/min/m2) | MEN | 77 ± 29 | 67 ± 39 | 62 ± 38 ₸ |
WOMEN | 71 ± 26 | 60 ± 35 | 54 ± 42 ₵ |
NDR MEN = 2331 WOMEN = 1912 | NPDR MEN = 504 WOMEN = 344 | PPDR MEN = 168 WOMEN = 103 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HT | CKF | HT | CKF | HT | CKF | |
MEN % | 20.3 | 6.1 | 30.3 | 6.6 | 14.8 | 11 |
WOMEN % | 27.3 | 4.7 | 33.7 | 8.9 | 20.1 | 22.5 |
Chi2 | p = 0.0000 | p = 0.002 | ns | ns | ns | p = 0.0000 |
Corrected Chi2 | p = 0.0000 | p = 0.002 | ns | ns | ns | p = 0.0000 |
SEX | MEN | WOMEN |
---|---|---|
N (%) | 3003 (56) | 2359 (44) |
DIABETES THERAPY (%) | ||
DIET | 6.5 | 5.8 |
DIET/OHA | 61.9 | 59.3 |
OHA + I | 12.7 | 15.2 |
I | 18.9 | 19.7 |
OTHER DRUG THERAPY % | ||
ANTI HYPERTENSIVE | 62 | 59 |
ACEI/ARB USE | 51.8 | 52.2 |
LIPID LOWERING | 48 | 48 |
STATIN USE | 94.1 | 92.5 |
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Cherchi, S.; Gigante, A.; Spanu, M.A.; Contini, P.; Meloni, G.; Fois, M.A.; Pistis, D.; Pilosu, R.M.; Lai, A.; Ruiu, S.; et al. Sex-Gender Differences in Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetology 2020, 1, 1-10. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diabetology1010001
Cherchi S, Gigante A, Spanu MA, Contini P, Meloni G, Fois MA, Pistis D, Pilosu RM, Lai A, Ruiu S, et al. Sex-Gender Differences in Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetology. 2020; 1(1):1-10. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diabetology1010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleCherchi, Sara, Alfonso Gigante, Maria Anna Spanu, Pierpaolo Contini, Gisella Meloni, Maria Antonietta Fois, Danila Pistis, Rosangela M. Pilosu, Alessio Lai, Salvatore Ruiu, and et al. 2020. "Sex-Gender Differences in Diabetic Retinopathy" Diabetology 1, no. 1: 1-10. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/diabetology1010001