Monitoring of Ground Movements Due to Mine Water Rise Using Satellite-Based Radar Interferometry—A Comprehensive Case Study for Low Movement Rates in the German Mining Area Lugau/Oelsnitz
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Coal Mining Area Lugau/Oelsnitz
1.2. Monitoring Mine Water Rise and Associated Ground Movements
2. Study Area
3. Data and Methods
3.1. Python Data Analysis
3.2. Long-Term Ground Movement Monitoring Using Radar Interferometry
3.2.1. Consideration of the 3D Nature of Deformations
3.2.2. Derivation of Ground Movement Rates
3.2.3. Software Solutions
Sentinel Application Platform (SNAP)
Snap2Stamps
Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS)
3.3. SAR Data
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. PSI Evaluation Results
4.2. Analysis of the Ground Movement Behavior and Derivation of Movement Rates
4.3. Modeling the Ground Movements
5. Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Work
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Relative Orbit No. | Orbit Direction | Sub-Swath Contains Aoi |
---|---|---|
95 | descending | IW3 |
168 | descending | IW1 |
146 | ascending | IW1 |
44 | ascending | IW2 |
rel. Orbit | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
168 (desc) | 7 | 23 | 32 | 55 | 57 | 59 | 233 |
146 (asc) | 8 | 26 | 38 | 60 | 61 | 59 | 252 |
Orbit | No. of PSI Points | Std. Dev of LOS Velocity (mm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min | Q25 | Mean | Q75 | Max | ||
Descending (168) | 21203 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.37 |
Ascending (146) | 28040 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.37 |
Orbit | No. of PSI Points | Coherence | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min | Mean | Max | Q25 | Q50 | Q75 | ||
Descending (168) | 21203 | 0.31 | 0.89 | 0.99 | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.96 |
Ascending (146) | 28040 | 0.30 | 0.89 | 0.99 | 0.85 | 0.91 | 0.96 |
Combined (asc/desc) | 17073 | 0.38 | 0.90 | 0.99 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.95 |
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John, A. Monitoring of Ground Movements Due to Mine Water Rise Using Satellite-Based Radar Interferometry—A Comprehensive Case Study for Low Movement Rates in the German Mining Area Lugau/Oelsnitz. Mining 2021, 1, 35-58. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mining1010004
John A. Monitoring of Ground Movements Due to Mine Water Rise Using Satellite-Based Radar Interferometry—A Comprehensive Case Study for Low Movement Rates in the German Mining Area Lugau/Oelsnitz. Mining. 2021; 1(1):35-58. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mining1010004
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn, André. 2021. "Monitoring of Ground Movements Due to Mine Water Rise Using Satellite-Based Radar Interferometry—A Comprehensive Case Study for Low Movement Rates in the German Mining Area Lugau/Oelsnitz" Mining 1, no. 1: 35-58. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/mining1010004