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Hygiene, Volume 1, Issue 2 (September 2021) – 2 articles

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11 pages, 1886 KiB  
Article
Clinical Failure and Emergence of Resistance during Third Generation Cephalosporin Therapy for Enterobacter spp. Infection: Is the Risk Overestimated? A Prospective Multicentric Study
by Benoît Pilmis, Thibaud Delerue, Anna Belkacem, Pauline Caraux-Paz, Solen Kernéis, Sophie Alviset, Etienne Canoui, Assaf Mizrahi, Alexandre Bleibtreu, Matthieu Lafaurie, Etienne Carbonnelle and Jean-Ralph Zahar
Hygiene 2021, 1(2), 69-79; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hygiene1020007 - 20 Aug 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2348
Abstract
Background: Clinical and microbiological guidelines recommend treating infections caused by Enterobacter spp. with cefepime or carbapenems. The main objective of this study was to assess the risk of clinical failure with third generation cephalosporin (3GC) therapy compared to other β-lactams for infections caused [...] Read more.
Background: Clinical and microbiological guidelines recommend treating infections caused by Enterobacter spp. with cefepime or carbapenems. The main objective of this study was to assess the risk of clinical failure with third generation cephalosporin (3GC) therapy compared to other β-lactams for infections caused by Enterobacter spp. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the risk of emergence of resistance during therapy. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study in seven French hospitals over an 18-month period including all patients with a pulmonary and/or bloodstream infection due to Enterobacter spp. susceptible to 3GC. Results: Seventy-four patients were included in our study. Among them, 26 (35%) received a 3GC as a first-line treatment, and clinical improvements were observed for 13/21 (62%) of them. Four (5%) cases of emergence of 3GC resistance were observed during therapy including one in the 3GC group. 3GC therapy can be safely used as first-line therapy especially for non-severe patients suffering from pulmonary or bloodstream infections due to Enterobacter spp. Conclusions: Emergence of 3GC resistance remains a rare event, and there is a lack of evidence of the benefit of last-line antibiotics therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Prevention and Control)
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13 pages, 2412 KiB  
Review
Microbiota of the Tongue and Systemic Connections: The Examination of the Tongue as an Integrated Approach in Oral Medicine
by Cinzia Casu, Giovanna Mosaico, Valentino Natoli, Antonio Scarano, Felice Lorusso and Francesco Inchingolo
Hygiene 2021, 1(2), 56-68; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/hygiene1020006 - 01 Jul 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 34242
Abstract
The tongue is able to quickly reflect the state of health or disease of the human body. Tongue inspection is an important diagnostic approach. It is a unique method that allows to explore the pathogenesis of diseases based on the guiding principles of [...] Read more.
The tongue is able to quickly reflect the state of health or disease of the human body. Tongue inspection is an important diagnostic approach. It is a unique method that allows to explore the pathogenesis of diseases based on the guiding principles of the holistic concept that involves the observation of changes in the lining of the tongue in order to understand the physiological functions and pathological changes of the body. It is a potential method of screening and early detection of cancer. However, the subjective inspection of the tongue has a low reliability index, and therefore computerized systems of acquisition of diagnostic bioinformation have been developed to analyze the lining of the tongue. Next-generation sequencing technology is used to determine the V2–V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA to study the microbiota. A lot of neoplasms are identified only at an advanced phase, while in the early stages, many subjects remain in an asymptomatic form. On the contrary, the early diagnosis is able to increase the prognosis of cancer and improve the survival rates of subjects. Evidently, it is necessary to develop new strategies in oral medicine for the early diagnosis of diseases, and the diagnosis of the tongue as a minimally invasive method is certainly one of them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Oral and Dental Hygiene)
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