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Actuators
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Shape Memory Alloy Actuators
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Shape Memory Alloy Actuators

A special issue of Actuators (ISSN 2076-0825). This special issue belongs to the section "Actuator Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 11538

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xing Shen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing 210016, China
Interests: smart materials and structures; shape-memory alloy actuators; piezoelectric actuators; functional devices for aerospace engineering; morphing wing structuress for aerospace engineering; morphing wing structures
Dr. Wei Min Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
Interests: shape memory materials and technology; sensors and actuators; 4D printing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues

Since the invention of shape memory alloys (SMAs), in particular, NiTi based SMAs in the 1970s, we have seen extensive R&D in various types of actuators based on bulk and/or thin-film SMA elements. Recent developments in fatigue-resistance and temperature-insensitive versions provide more opportunities for SMAs in a wider range of applications. Furthermore, additive manufacturing of SMA elements enables rapid customization for individuals.

This Special Issue of Actuators, entitled Shape Memory Alloy Actuators, is a platform to showcase the achievements so far. Both review and original technical (including both experimental and modeling) papers are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Xing Shen
Dr. Wei Min Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Actuators is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Shape memory alloys
  • Magnetic shape memory alloys
  • Shape memory effect
  • Superelasticity
  • Two-way actuators
  • One-way actuators
  • Thin film shape memory alloys
  • Nitinol
  • 3D/4D printing
  • Modeling and simulation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 823 KiB  
Article
A Computational Geometric Parameter Optimization of the Thermomechanical Deicing Concept
by Ozan Tamer, Fabian Walter, Michael Sinapius and Markus Böl
Actuators 2022, 11(8), 223; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/act11080223 - 05 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1408
Abstract
Ice formation on aerodynamic surfaces is a safety-related issue in aviation. Thermal, mechanical, or hybrid systems are used to prevent or eliminate ice formation. To increase energy efficiency, new methods are being researched and tested, using new materials. This article aims to investigate [...] Read more.
Ice formation on aerodynamic surfaces is a safety-related issue in aviation. Thermal, mechanical, or hybrid systems are used to prevent or eliminate ice formation. To increase energy efficiency, new methods are being researched and tested, using new materials. This article aims to investigate in detail the geometrical parameters of a novel thermomechanical deicing concept based on the shape memory effect. The thermomechanical behavior of a shape memory alloy wire embedded in an elastomer can be described, using the transformation expansion coefficient. The approach includes the nonlinear phase transformation and the linear expansion of the alloy. Simulation results using the above approach are compared with experimental results. In addition, a parameter study of the geometric quantities is presented, where the individual effects of these quantities are investigated assuming that there is a block-like ice layer on the surface. The results for the behavior of the SMA show promising results in terms of describing the thermomechanical behavior of the wire. However, deviations are still observed in the thermal behavior of the embedding matrix. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Shape Memory Alloy Actuators)
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18 pages, 4154 KiB  
Article
A Bi-State Shape Memory Material Composite Soft Actuator
by Ramprasad Rajagopalan, Andrew J. Petruska and David Howard
Actuators 2022, 11(3), 86; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/act11030086 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2932
Abstract
Shape memory materials have been widely used as programmable soft matter for developing multifunctional hybrid actuators. Several challenges of fabrication and effective modelling of these soft actuating systems can be addressed by implementing novel 3D printing techniques and simulations to aid the designer. [...] Read more.
Shape memory materials have been widely used as programmable soft matter for developing multifunctional hybrid actuators. Several challenges of fabrication and effective modelling of these soft actuating systems can be addressed by implementing novel 3D printing techniques and simulations to aid the designer. In this study, the temperature-dependent recovery of an embedded U-shaped Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) and the shape fixity of a 3D-printed Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) matrix were exploited to create a bi-state Shape Memory Composite (SMC) soft actuator. Electrical heating allowed the SMA to achieve the bi-state condition, undergoing phase transformation to a U shape in the rubbery phase and a flat shape in the glassy phase of the SMP. A COMSOL Multiphysics model was developed to predict the deformation and recovery of the SMC by leveraging the in-built SMA constitutive relations and user-defined material subroutine for the SMP. The bi-state actuation model was validated by capturing the mid-point displacement of the 80 mm length × 10 mm width × 2 mm-thick 3D-printed SMC. The viability of the SMC as a periodic actuator in terms of shape recovery was addressed through modelling and simulation. Results indicated that the proposed COMSOL model was in good agreement with the experiment. In addition, the effect of varying the volume ratio of the SMA wire in the SMC on the maximum and recovered deflection was also obtained. Our model can be used to design SMC actuators with various performance profiles to facilitate future designs in soft robotics and wearable technology applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Shape Memory Alloy Actuators)
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16 pages, 4159 KiB  
Article
Modeling and Experimental Research of One Kind of New Planar Vortex Actuator Based on Shape Memory Alloy
by Xiangsen Kong, Yilei Gu, Jiajun Wu, Yang Yang and Xing Shen
Actuators 2022, 11(1), 8; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/act11010008 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1308
Abstract
In order to alleviate the problems of complex structure and low reliability of traditional Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) rotary actuator, a planar vortex actuator (PVA) based on SMA material was proposed to directly output torque and angular displacement. Based on the calculation method [...] Read more.
In order to alleviate the problems of complex structure and low reliability of traditional Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) rotary actuator, a planar vortex actuator (PVA) based on SMA material was proposed to directly output torque and angular displacement. Based on the calculation method of PVA and the constitutive model of the phase transition equation of SMA, the mechanical model is established, and the pre-tightening torque, temperature, output torque, and rotation angle are obtained. The relationship expression between the tests has verified the mechanical model. The results show that the relationship between the excitation temperature and the output torque, the coefficient of determination between the calculated value and the tested value, is 0.938, the minimum error is 0.46%, and the maximum error is 49.8%. In the relationship between angular displacement and torque, the coefficient of determination between the calculated value and the test value is 0.939, the maximum error is 58.5%, and the minimum error is 28.0%. The test results show that the calculated values of mechanical model and experimental data have similar representation form. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Shape Memory Alloy Actuators)
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13 pages, 6155 KiB  
Article
Buttons on Demand Sliding Mechanism Driven by Smart Materials and Mechanical Design
by Christianto Renata, Manivannan Sivaperuman Kalairaj, Hong Mei Chen, Gih Keong Lau and Wei Min Huang
Actuators 2021, 10(10), 251; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/act10100251 - 29 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2214
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a novel human interaction platform in a car, called buttons on demand, that will serve as buttons inside the interior of a car, which can be called upon and activated when required but remain concealed and inactive when [...] Read more.
In this paper, we describe a novel human interaction platform in a car, called buttons on demand, that will serve as buttons inside the interior of a car, which can be called upon and activated when required but remain concealed and inactive when not required. The mechanism to obtain such interaction is driven by a combination of smart materials and mechanical design. The elaboration of smart materials and mechanical design employed to achieve this mechanism is discussed. A demonstration of how the buttons on demand mechanism described in this paper can potentially substitute or minimize the use of bulkier physical buttons in cars and provide the user with haptic and tactile feedback with low power consumption and fast response time is also presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Shape Memory Alloy Actuators)
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Graphical abstract

15 pages, 5329 KiB  
Article
Effects of Trailing Edge Deflections Driven by Shape Memory Alloy Actuators on the Transonic Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Super Critical Airfoil
by Binbin Lv, Yuanjing Wang and Pengxuan Lei
Actuators 2021, 10(7), 160; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/act10070160 - 15 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2015
Abstract
A smart structure to actuate a morphing trailing edge based on the super critical airfoil NASA sc-0714(2) was designed and verified in a transonic wind tunnel. The pressure distribution over the wing was measured to evaluate the structure ability and effects of trailing [...] Read more.
A smart structure to actuate a morphing trailing edge based on the super critical airfoil NASA sc-0714(2) was designed and verified in a transonic wind tunnel. The pressure distribution over the wing was measured to evaluate the structure ability and effects of trailing edge deflections on the aerodynamic characteristics. In the experiment, Mach number was from 0.4 to 0.8, and the angle of attack was from 0° to 6°. The results showed that the smart structure based on shape memory alloy could carry aerodynamic loads under transonic flow and deflect the trailing edge. When the driving force was constant, deformation would be influenced by the Mach number and angle of attack. Increasing the Mach number weakened the actuation capability of the smart structure, which decreased the deflection angle and rate of the trailing edge. The influence of the angle of attack is more complex, and couples with the influence of the Mach number. The higher the Mach number, the stronger the influence of the angles of attack. Additionally, the trailing edge deflection would dramatically change the flow structure over the airfoil, such as the shock wave position and strength. If separation was caused by the trailing edge deflection, the limitation of the smart structure would be further found. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Shape Memory Alloy Actuators)
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