Computational Fluid Dynamics on High-Speed and Non-Equilibrium Flows

A special issue of Aerospace (ISSN 2226-4310). This special issue belongs to the section "Aeronautics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2021) | Viewed by 17464

Special Issue Editor

Aerospace Centre of Excellence, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 16 Richmond St, Glasgow G1 1XQ, UK
Interests: computational aerodynamics; computational aerothemodynamics; non-equilibrium gasdynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The proposed Special Issue aims at discussing the most recent computational models and approaches to address multiphysics non-equilibrium high-Mach flow physics. Contributions will be structured around the most advanced numerical models for complex multiphysics flows including multispecies constitutive thermochemical models for neutral and ionized mixtures of gases, finite-rate gas chemistry, thermal non-equilibrium, plasma radiation, electromagnetic field effects, turbulence and gas–surface interaction. Advances in the numerical formulation for the conservation laws addressing such regimes will also be discussed including state-of-the-art discretization schemes, higher-order techniques and coupling strategies between different physical systems.

The Special Issue will create the context to discuss several applications in the aerospace field including future vehicles aerothermodynamic design, advanced thermal protection systems, planetary re-entry, demise of space debris, and entry of meteors. It will create the space to discuss the latest studies on fundamental problems such as boundary layer development and transition in hypersonic regimes and non-equilibrium shock–wave boundary layer interaction, together with their coupling with non-equilibrium and MHD effects, multicomponent fluid models for plasmas, fluid–structural interactions (particularly for deformable structures), and hybrid turbulence models including aerothermochemistry.

Prof. Dr. Marco Fossati
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Non-equilibrium gas dynamics
  • Numerical methods for compressible high-Mach flows
  • Multiphysics and multicomponent aerodynamics
  • Gas–surface interaction
  • Turbulence and transition in hypersonic flows
  • Plasma and ionized flows
  • Atmospheric re-entry
  • Hypersonic regimes
  • Magnetohydrodynamics
  • Adaptive and best-practices approaches in high-Mach fluid mechanics

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 4370 KiB  
Article
A Hybridized Discontinuous Galerkin Solver for High-Speed Compressible Flow
by Georg May, Koen Devesse, Ajay Rangarajan and Thierry Magin
Aerospace 2021, 8(11), 322; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/aerospace8110322 - 28 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2151
Abstract
We present a high-order consistent compressible flow solver, based on a hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) discretization, for applications covering subsonic to hypersonic flow. In the context of high-order discretization, this broad range of applications presents unique difficulty, especially at the high-Mach number end. [...] Read more.
We present a high-order consistent compressible flow solver, based on a hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) discretization, for applications covering subsonic to hypersonic flow. In the context of high-order discretization, this broad range of applications presents unique difficulty, especially at the high-Mach number end. For instance, if a high-order discretization is to efficiently resolve shock and shear layers, it is imperative to use adaptive methods. Furthermore, high-Enthalpy flow requires non-trivial physical modeling. The aim of the present paper is to present the key enabling technologies. We discuss efficient discretization methods, including anisotropic metric-based adaptation, as well as the implementation of flexible modeling using object-oriented programming and algorithmic differentiation. We present initial verification and validation test cases focusing on external aerodynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics on High-Speed and Non-Equilibrium Flows)
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19 pages, 1485 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Computational Models for Electron Transpiration Cooling
by Nicholas S. Campbell, Kyle Hanquist, Andrew Morin, Jason Meyers and Iain Boyd
Aerospace 2021, 8(9), 243; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/aerospace8090243 - 02 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2676
Abstract
Recent developments in the world of hypersonic flight have brought increased attention to the thermal response of materials exposed to high-enthalpy gases. One promising concept is electron transpiration cooling (ETC) that provides the prospect of a passive heat removal mechanism, rivaling and possibly [...] Read more.
Recent developments in the world of hypersonic flight have brought increased attention to the thermal response of materials exposed to high-enthalpy gases. One promising concept is electron transpiration cooling (ETC) that provides the prospect of a passive heat removal mechanism, rivaling and possibly outperforming that of radiative cooling. In this work, non-equilibrium CFD simulations are performed to evaluate the possible roles of this cooling mode under high-enthalpy conditions obtainable in plasma torch ground-test facilities capable of long flow times. The work focuses on the test case of argon gas being heated to achieve enthalpies equivalent to post-shock conditions experienced by a vehicle flying through the atmosphere at hypersonic speed. Simulations are performed at a range of conditions and are used to calibrate direct comparisons between torch operating conditions and resulting flow properties. These comparisons highlight important modeling considerations for simulating long-duration, hot chamber tests. Simulation results correspond well with the experimental measurements of gas temperature, material surface temperature as well as measured current generated in the test article. Theoretical methods taking into consideration space charge limitations are presented and applied to provide design suggestions to boost the ETC effect in future experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics on High-Speed and Non-Equilibrium Flows)
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29 pages, 16167 KiB  
Article
SU2-NEMO: An Open-Source Framework for High-Mach Nonequilibrium Multi-Species Flows
by Walter T. Maier, Jacob T. Needels, Catarina Garbacz, Fábio Morgado, Juan J. Alonso and Marco Fossati
Aerospace 2021, 8(7), 193; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/aerospace8070193 - 16 Jul 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 7579
Abstract
SU2-NEMO, a recent extension of the open-source SU2 multiphysics suite’s set of physical models and code architecture, is presented with the aim of introducing its enhanced capabilities in addressing high-enthalpy and high-Mach number flows. This paper discusses the thermal nonequilibrium and finite-rate chemistry [...] Read more.
SU2-NEMO, a recent extension of the open-source SU2 multiphysics suite’s set of physical models and code architecture, is presented with the aim of introducing its enhanced capabilities in addressing high-enthalpy and high-Mach number flows. This paper discusses the thermal nonequilibrium and finite-rate chemistry models adopted, including a link to the Mutation++ physio-chemical library. Further, the paper discusses how the software architecture has been designed to ensure modularity, incorporating the ability to introduce additional models in an efficient manner. A review of the numerical formulation and the discretization schemes utilized for the convective fluxes is also presented. Several test cases in two- and three-dimensions are examined for validation purposes and to illustrate the performance of the solver in addressing complex nonequilibrium flows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics on High-Speed and Non-Equilibrium Flows)
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Review

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26 pages, 355 KiB  
Review
GKS and UGKS for High-Speed Flows
by Yajun Zhu, Chengwen Zhong and Kun Xu
Aerospace 2021, 8(5), 141; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/aerospace8050141 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3002
Abstract
The gas-kinetic scheme (GKS) and the unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS) are numerical methods based on the gas-kinetic theory, which have been widely used in the numerical simulations of high-speed and non-equilibrium flows. Both methods employ a multiscale flux function constructed from the integral [...] Read more.
The gas-kinetic scheme (GKS) and the unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS) are numerical methods based on the gas-kinetic theory, which have been widely used in the numerical simulations of high-speed and non-equilibrium flows. Both methods employ a multiscale flux function constructed from the integral solutions of kinetic equations to describe the local evolution process of particles’ free transport and collision. The accumulating effect of particles’ collision during transport process within a time step is used in the construction of the schemes, and the intrinsic simulating flow physics in the schemes depends on the ratio of the particle collision time and the time step, i.e., the so-called cell’s Knudsen number. With the initial distribution function reconstructed from the Chapman–Enskog expansion, the GKS can recover the Navier–Stokes solutions in the continuum regime at a small Knudsen number, and gain multi-dimensional properties by taking into account both normal and tangential flow variations in the flux function. By employing a discrete velocity distribution function, the UGKS can capture highly non-equilibrium physics, and is capable of simulating continuum and rarefied flow in all Knudsen number regimes. For high-speed non-equilibrium flow simulation, the real gas effects should be considered, and the computational efficiency and robustness of the schemes are the great challenges. Therefore, many efforts have been made to improve the validity and reliability of the GKS and UGKS in both the physical modeling and numerical techniques. In this paper, we give a review of the development of the GKS and UGKS in the past decades, such as physical modeling of a diatomic gas with molecular rotation and vibration at high temperature, plasma physics, computational techniques including implicit and multigrid acceleration, memory reduction methods, and wave–particle adaptation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics on High-Speed and Non-Equilibrium Flows)
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