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Agronomy
Special Issues
Physiology of Halophytes and Their Potential
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Physiology of Halophytes and Their Potential

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Soil and Plant Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2021) | Viewed by 9835

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jayakumar Bose

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment (HIE), Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
Interests: halophytes; solute transport; plant physiology; molecular biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Soil salinity affects crop growth and yields worldwide. Already, ~10% of the world’s land surface (950 Mha) and 50% of all irrigated land (230 Mha) is affected by salinity. The salinisation of agricultural lands is steadily increasing—every day an additional 2000–4000 ha of farmland is defined as saline. Further, most widely grown crops (e.g., rice, wheat) are salt-sensitive (glycophytes) and are generally poorly equipped to grow and produce food in salty soils. On the other hand, naturally salt-loving plants (halophytes, e.g., quinoa) can maintain or show enhanced growth and yield at similar salt concentrations. Hence, cultivating halophytes as crops or utilising halophytes as a source of salt tolerance genes is critical to meet the projected food demand of feeding 9.3 billion people by 2050. The present Special Issue on Physiology of Halophytes and Their Potential will focus on recent advancements in the area of halophyte research. We are inviting research papers, communications, and review articles covering halophyte ecology, phytoremediation of saline lands using halophytes, agronomic practices for cultivating halophytes, halophyte physiology, and salt tolerance mechanisms operating in halophytes.

Dr. Jayakumar Bose
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Halophytes
  • Salt tolerance mechanisms
  • Ion transport
  • Tissue tolerance
  • Agronomic practices of cultivating halophytes
  • Halophyte ecology

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3762 KiB  
Article
Interruption of Seed Dormancy and In Vitro Germination of the Halophile Emerging Crop Suaeda edulis (Chenopodiaceae)
by Francyelli Regina Costa-Becheleni, Enrique Troyo-Diéguez, Alejandra Nieto-Garibay, Luis Alejandro Bustamante-Salazar, Hugo Sergio García-Galindo and Bernardo Murillo-Amador
Agronomy 2022, 12(1), 103; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy12010103 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1689
Abstract
Suaeda edulis (Flores Olvera & Noguez) is a halophile species that grows in saline environments, with concomitant difficulties to germinate and reproduce. Once a null germination under a salinity gradient or fresh water was observed, a plant-growth bioregulator (BioR) was applied to interrupt [...] Read more.
Suaeda edulis (Flores Olvera & Noguez) is a halophile species that grows in saline environments, with concomitant difficulties to germinate and reproduce. Once a null germination under a salinity gradient or fresh water was observed, a plant-growth bioregulator (BioR) was applied to interrupt dormancy and improve germination in vitro. This BioR is composed of gibberellins and adjuvant regulators; and 12.5, 25.0, and 37.5 mg L−1 of gibberellins with immersion at 24, 48, and 72 h were assayed. Most of the normality and homoscedasticity tests were favorable, except in three of 24 cases. On the germination percentage (transformed values), the dose 25.0 mg L−1 reflected the highest values of 5.5 and 6.0 units at 48 and 72 h. For the mean germination time, the highest level of 37.5 mg L−1 at 24 h reflected the best response. For the germination rate, the best one was 25 mg L−1 at 48 h, reaching 12% per day, but for the germination speed coefficient, the best value was observed with 25.0 mg L−1 at 24 h. It was concluded that to improve germination of S. edulis seeds, it is necessary to assess a dose-gradient of gibberellins, starting at 25.0 mg L−1, with higher values to break dormancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiology of Halophytes and Their Potential)
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14 pages, 1239 KiB  
Article
Spermidine Pretreatments Mitigate the Effects of Saline Stress by Improving Growth and Saline Excretion in Frankenia pulverulenta
by Milagros Bueno and María del Pilar Cordovilla
Agronomy 2021, 11(8), 1515; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy11081515 - 29 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1508
Abstract
Climatic change, ecosystem imbalance, and soil salinization and desertification are serious obstacles to the restoration of degraded landscapes. Halophyte cultivation could constitute a way of mitigating these problems. Frankenia pulverulenta is used in the remediation and revegetation of areas affected by salinity and [...] Read more.
Climatic change, ecosystem imbalance, and soil salinization and desertification are serious obstacles to the restoration of degraded landscapes. Halophyte cultivation could constitute a way of mitigating these problems. Frankenia pulverulenta is used in the remediation and revegetation of areas affected by salinity and as an ornamental plant on saline soils since it can tolerate salt concentrations up to 200 mM NaCl. To increase saline tolerance, different plant growth regulators (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, spermidine, and salicylic acid) were tested in hydroponic conditions before the addition of NaCl (300 mM). At 52 days, growth, proline, saline excretion, free polyamines, and ethylene were determined under both saline and non-saline conditions. All growth regulators improved growth in the salt-free pretreatment; however, under conditions of salinity, pretreatment with spermidine (0.5 mM) and then salicylic acid (0.5 mM) were efficient at reversing the inhibitory effect of salt and improved saline excretion in F. pulverulenta. A strong positive correlation of polyamines and proline, and a negative correlation with ethylene, indicate that pretreatments that increase endogenous polyamine content and osmolytes are the most effective in improving salt tolerance of F. pulverulenta and could be used in the technical guidance of the cultivation of this halophyte. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiology of Halophytes and Their Potential)
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18 pages, 3468 KiB  
Article
Short-Term Responses to Salinity of Soybean and Chenopodium album Grown in Single and Mixed-Species Hydroponic Systems
by Aurora Ghirardelli, Michela Schiavon, Giuseppe Zanin, Piotr Ostapczuk and Roberta Masin
Agronomy 2021, 11(8), 1481; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy11081481 - 26 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2180
Abstract
Weeds account for losses in crop yields, and this event might be exacerbated by salinity. Therefore, we investigated the responses of Chenopodium album L. and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to salt stress, as well as interferences between species. Ten-day old plants [...] Read more.
Weeds account for losses in crop yields, and this event might be exacerbated by salinity. Therefore, we investigated the responses of Chenopodium album L. and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to salt stress, as well as interferences between species. Ten-day old plants were grown for 1 week in a single- or mixed-species set-up, either with or without 100 mM of NaCl. C. album reduced the biomass of soybean similarly to salt stress, while its growth was unaffected under any condition. C. album decreased the crop protein content when salinity was applied. This effect was ascribed to altered protein metabolism and/or N usage to produce other N metabolites, including osmolytes. The two species did not reciprocally affect the capacity to accumulate Na+, but the weed contained two-fold more Na+ in the leaves. Elevated initial K+ concentration and high K+ delivery to the shoot likely explained the better acclimation of C. album to salinity. C. album produced more phenolics and proline and exhibited greater antioxidant activity, but low lipid peroxidation, in the mixed set-up under salinity. Thus, it is possible that the weed could become more resilient to salinity when growing in a soybean field. In the long term, this might cause significant losses in soybean productivity as expected by the dramatic decline in crop protein content. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiology of Halophytes and Their Potential)
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Review

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23 pages, 5119 KiB  
Review
Constitutive and Induced Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Potential Uses of Limonium Mill. Species
by Sara González-Orenga, Marius-Nicusor Grigore, Monica Boscaiu and Oscar Vicente
Agronomy 2021, 11(3), 413; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy11030413 - 24 Feb 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3562
Abstract
Limonium is one of the most interesting and biodiverse genera of halophytes, with many species adapted to saline environments. Limonium species have a promising potential as cultivated minor crops as many have ornamental value, or are already used as medicinal plants. Other species [...] Read more.
Limonium is one of the most interesting and biodiverse genera of halophytes, with many species adapted to saline environments. Limonium species have a promising potential as cultivated minor crops as many have ornamental value, or are already used as medicinal plants. Other species are marketed as gourmet food or can be used for decontamination of polluted soils. Design and implementation of specific breeding programmes are needed to fully realise this potential, based on the vast genetic variation and high stress tolerance of wild species within the genus. Most Limonium species are halophytes, but many are also resistant to drought, especially those from the Mediterranean and other arid regions. Such species constitute attractive models for basic research on the mechanisms of stress tolerance, both constitutive and induced. As typical recretohalopyhtes, with excretive salt glands, Limonium species possess remarkable morpho-anatomical traits. Salt tolerance in this genus relies also on ion accumulation in the leaves, the concomitant use of diverse osmolytes for osmotic adjustment, and the activation of efficient antioxidant systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiology of Halophytes and Their Potential)
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