The Applicability of Plant Tissue Culture in Propagation and Conservation—Series II

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Agricultural Biosystem and Biological Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 9537

Special Issue Editor

Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E,EC Bovey Bldg, Room 4221, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Interests: plant tissue cultures; medicinal plants; in vitro rooting; Plant Tissue Culture; disease resistance; plant genetics; micropropagation; Plant Biotechnology; Plant Molecular Biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant tissue culture is a fundamental in vitro technology that greatly helps in basic plant science research, mass propagation and the conservation of various plant species. Nowadays, plant tissue culture is considered a great tool at a commercial scale, especially for horticulture, ornamental, and medicinal plant species. There are several reports on plant tissue culture available based on fundamental research. Now, research should shift towards focusing on the applicability of plant tissue culture. Micropropagation protocols have been successfully reported for more than a hundred plant species. However, the plant tissue protocol is species specific and needs to be optimized based on the applicability for mass production or conservation. There are several factors which need to be considered while optimizing the protocol, such as explant selection, culture conditions, growth media, the culture system and acclimatization. Currently, the performance of tissue-culture-raised plants and the cost of production are major challenges for the commercial set up. Bioreactor-based mass propagation for economically important plant species is more efficient and feasible. It can be achieved by modifying the culture system and light quality in combination with plant growth regulators.

This Special Issue titled “The applicability of plant tissue culture in propagation and conservation” will highlight the plant tissue culture and conservation aspects, focusing on their applicability for a wide range of plant species, to bring the latest fundamental lab research to the field and increase awareness among the end users.

Dr. Mukund R. Shukla
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • in vitro technologies
  • plant growth regulators
  • plant growth conditions
  • explants preconditioning
  • light quality
  • micropropagation
  • bioreactor
  • ex-situ conservation
  • horticultural crops
  • genetic stability

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 11124 KiB  
Article
Efficient Micropropagation of Genetically Stable Panax ginseng Meyer by Somatic Embryogenesis
by Jung-Woo Lee, Jang-Uk Kim, Kyong-Hwan Bang, Dong-Hwi Kim, Ick-Hyun Jo and Young-Doo Park
Agronomy 2023, 13(4), 1139; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy13041139 - 17 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1174
Abstract
Panax ginseng Meyer is a valuable medicinal crop. However, the species’ propagation is limited by its long reproductive cycle and low seed yield. The present study focused on P. ginseng plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and evaluated the genetic stability of regenerated plantlets. [...] Read more.
Panax ginseng Meyer is a valuable medicinal crop. However, the species’ propagation is limited by its long reproductive cycle and low seed yield. The present study focused on P. ginseng plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and evaluated the genetic stability of regenerated plantlets. We assessed the effects of carbon source type and concentration on somatic embryo induction, maturation, and germination. Somatic embryogenesis was optimal in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5% sucrose; however, maturation peaked in 1/2 MS containing low concentrations of sucrose ranging from 1 to 2%. Germination and plant regeneration were optimal in germination medium supplemented with 2% sucrose based on high germination rates, efficient plantlet production, and balanced growth characteristics. Molecular marker analysis suggested that the genetic fidelity of the regenerated plants was comparable with that of the control. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that in vitro-grown roots (IGRs) accumulated more ginsenoside than those of the control, but the ginsenoside content of 2 year old IGRs was similar to that of the controls after acclimatization. Our study provides valuable insights into the optimization of genetically stable micropropagation and could promote the distribution of superior P. ginseng cultivars with high product yields and quality. Full article
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15 pages, 4376 KiB  
Article
UV-B Radiation as a Novel Tool to Modulate the Architecture of In Vitro Grown Mentha spicata (L.)
by Gaia Crestani, Natalie Cunningham, Uthman O. Badmus, Els Prinsen and Marcel A. K. Jansen
Agronomy 2023, 13(1), 2; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy13010002 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1149
Abstract
In vitro culturing can generate plants with a distorted morphology. Some distortions affect the plant’s survival after transfer to an ex vitro environment, while others can affect the aesthetic value. Therefore, exogenous hormones are often applied in in vitro cultures to modulate plant [...] Read more.
In vitro culturing can generate plants with a distorted morphology. Some distortions affect the plant’s survival after transfer to an ex vitro environment, while others can affect the aesthetic value. Therefore, exogenous hormones are often applied in in vitro cultures to modulate plant architecture. In this study, it was hypothesised that regulatory effects of UV-B radiation on plant morphology can be exploited under in vitro conditions, and that UV exposure will result in sturdier, less elongated plants with more branches and smaller leaves, mediated by changes in plant hormones. Plants were grown in tissue-culture containers and exposed to ~0.22 W m−2 UV-B for 8 days. Subsequently, plants were transferred to soil and monitored for a further 7 days. Results show that UV induced a marked change in architecture with a significant increase in axillary branches, and reductions in leaf area, plant height and root weight. These changes were associated with significant alterations in concentrations of hormones, including IAA, GA7, GA3 and iP–9–G. Changes in hormone concentrations suggest a regulatory, rather than a stress response to UV-B. Therefore, it is proposed that the application of UV in in vitro culture can be an innovative approach to manipulate plant architecture. Full article
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16 pages, 24438 KiB  
Article
High Frequency Direct Organogenesis, Genetic Homogeneity, Chemical Characterization and Leaf Ultra-Structural Study of Regenerants in Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey
by Anamica Upadhyay, Anwar Shahzad, Zishan Ahmad, Abdulrahman A. Alatar, Gea Guerriero and Mohammad Faisal
Agronomy 2021, 11(11), 2164; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy11112164 - 27 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2235
Abstract
Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey, commonly referred to as “Shivalingi” or “Lollipop climber” is a valuable medicinal plant with a climbing growth habit used in traditional medicine. It is reputed to have antiarthritic, anti-diabetic properties and to be useful in various skin and [...] Read more.
Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey, commonly referred to as “Shivalingi” or “Lollipop climber” is a valuable medicinal plant with a climbing growth habit used in traditional medicine. It is reputed to have antiarthritic, anti-diabetic properties and to be useful in various skin and reproductive problems. Overexploitation of wild plants and low seed germination have resulted in the decline of the species in the wild. Thus, the present investigation was aimed to establish an effective in vitro propagation procedure for its large-scale production and conservation. Nodal explants, obtained from an established mother plant were grown on MS basal medium augmented with various cytokinins, alone or in combination with auxins, to study the morphogenic response. A maximum of 8.3 shoots/explants with an average shoot length of 7.2 cm were produced after six weeks on MS containing benzylaminopurine 5.0 µM + 1-naphthaleneacetic acid 2.0 µM. After 4 weeks of transfer, microshoots rooted well on a low nutrient medium of ½ MS + 1.0 µM indole-3-butyric acid, with a maximum of 11.0 roots/microshoot and an average root length of 7.4 cm. With an 80% survival rate, the regenerated plantlets were effectively acclimatized to natural conditions. DNA-based molecular markers were used to investigate the genetic uniformity. Scanning Electron Microscopic examination of leaves indicated the adaptation of the plantlets to natural, as evidenced by the formation of normal stomata. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of mother and micropropagated plants were performed to identify essential secondary metabolites. The results obtained show that the in vitro propagation system can be adopted for preservation, large-scale production and secondary metabolites’ production in D. palmatus. Full article
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15 pages, 2321 KiB  
Article
Improved Conservation of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm via Micropropagation and Cryopreservation
by Yanelis Castilla Valdés, Mukund R. Shukla, María Esther González Vega and Praveen K. Saxena
Agronomy 2021, 11(9), 1861; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy11091861 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3656
Abstract
Coffee (Coffea spp.) is an important tropical agricultural crop that has significant economic and social importance in the world. The ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources through seeds is not feasible due to the sensitivity of coffee seed to desiccation and [...] Read more.
Coffee (Coffea spp.) is an important tropical agricultural crop that has significant economic and social importance in the world. The ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources through seeds is not feasible due to the sensitivity of coffee seed to desiccation and low temperatures. The cryopreservation of zygotic embryos may allow for an efficient and long-term storage of coffee germplasm. This study describes the cryopreservation methods for conserving zygotic embryos of Coffea arabica L. for the long-term conservation of currently available germplasm. Zygotic embryos were successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen at −196 °C under controlled environmental conditions with either droplet-vitrification or encapsulation–vitrification protocols without dehydration. Zygotic embryos had the highest regrowth (100%) following droplet-vitrification cryopreservation using the Plant Vitrification Solution 3 (PVS3) for 40 min at 23 °C. In the case of encapsulation–vitrification using PVS3 for 40 min at 23 °C, the embryo regeneration response was 78%. Plantlets were recovered following shoot multiplication using a temporary immersion system (TIS) and in vitro rooting. The prolific rooting of shoots was observed after 4 weeks of culture in the liquid medium with plugs made of the inert substrate Oasis® In vitro Express (IVE) compared to the semi-solid medium. The successful cryopreservation of coffee zygotic embryos using droplet vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification followed by micropropagation in temporary immersion culture system has not been reported earlier and together these technologies are anticipated to further facilitate the initiatives for the conservation and distribution of coffee germplasm. Full article
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