Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Forage and Turfgrass

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Weed Science and Weed Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2022) | Viewed by 4438

Special Issue Editor

Department of Pratacultural Sciences, College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
Interests: germplasm resource innovation and molecular breeding; stress physiology in forage and turf grass
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The growth and development of forage and turf grass are limited by several factors of which abiotic and biotic stresses are among the most damaging. The most common abiotic stresses are water deficit, excess water, high and low temperature, salinity, nutrient deficiency and heavy metal, while the biotic stresses are pathogens, pests and weeds. Climate change is predicted to increase the occurrence of extreme weather events and, thus, also abiotic stresses. Solutions to increase forage and turf grass tolerance and minimize the effects of abiotic stresses on growth and development have been actively sought.

Many of the grass traits resulting in increased abiotic and biotic stress tolerance involve an interplay of several factors, such as proteins, hormones, metabolites and genes, which make them difficult to investigate and modify. Furthermore, different stress factors may cause osmotic, oxidative and ionic stress, leading to cellular adaptive responses—for example, accumulation of osmolytes, induction of stress proteins, and acceleration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging systems. Exposure to a stress factor can also lead to tolerance against a wide range of future abiotic stress events, such as priming, acclimation, conditioning, hardening, or cross-stress tolerance. Significant steps have been taken in understanding the physiology and molecular biology of forage and turf grass abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, and updates on the most recent accomplishments will be provided on this exceptional topic.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide a forum for recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of environmental stress tolerance in forage and turfgrass responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, mainly focusing on phenotypic and physiological responses, and by using genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic approaches to study abiotic and biotic stress mechanisms. Original research articles and concepts for review articles to address major issues are welcome.

Dr. Longxing Hu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • abiotic stress (water stress, temperature stress, salt stress, mineral stress, oxidative stress)
  • biotic stress (disease, pests, weeds)
  • phytohormones
  • metabolites
  • physiological response
  • molecular regulation

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3004 KiB  
Article
Comparison and Characterization of Oxidation Resistance and Carbohydrate Content in Cd-Tolerant and -Sensitive Kentucky Bluegrass under Cd Stress
by Yong Wang, Ting Cui, Kuiju Niu and Huiling Ma
Agronomy 2021, 11(11), 2358; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/agronomy11112358 - 21 Nov 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 1587
Abstract
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), a turf grass species that is hypertolerant of cadmium (Cd), is a potential phytoremediation material for soil polluted with Cd. However, the mechanism of Cd phytotoxicity in Kentucky bluegrass is unclear. Here, we compared the phenotype, induction [...] Read more.
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), a turf grass species that is hypertolerant of cadmium (Cd), is a potential phytoremediation material for soil polluted with Cd. However, the mechanism of Cd phytotoxicity in Kentucky bluegrass is unclear. Here, we compared the phenotype, induction of oxidative stress, and structural and non-structural carbohydrate contents between a Cd-tolerant genotype (‘Midnight’, M) and Cd-sensitive genotype (‘Rugby’, R). The results showed that both genotypes accumulated more Cd in the roots, whereas the R genotype distributed more Cd into the leaves compared with the M genotype. In both genotypes, Cd inhibited the length and fresh weight of the leaves and roots; increased the peroxidase (POD) activity but inhibited ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activity; and increased the superoxide radical (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. However, the M genotype exhibited lower root length inhibition, and the H2O2 and MDA contents confirmed that the M genotype had increased Cd accumulation and resistance, while the R genotype exhibited a better distribution of Cd. Moreover, Cd stress significantly increased the soluble sugar, trehalose, and sucrose contents of both genotypes. Pectin, lignin, and cellulose were significantly increased to prevent the entry of Cd into the roots. The Cd-induced growth inhibition and physiological responses in Kentucky bluegrass were preliminarily explored herein, with the chelation of pectin, lignification, and antioxidant response being possible contributors to Cd detoxification in Kentucky bluegrass. In addition, the Cd-induced increase in trehalose, sucrose, and soluble sugar contents might play a pivotal role in the defense against Cd stress in Kentucky bluegrass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Forage and Turfgrass)
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10 pages, 257 KiB  
Article
Alternative Herbicides for Controlling Herbicide-Resistant Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.) in Turf
by Rajesh Barua, Peter Boutsalis, Samuel Kleemann, Jenna Malone, Gurjeet Gill and Christopher Preston
Agronomy 2021, 11(11), 2148; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112148 - 26 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2039
Abstract
Poa annua is a cosmopolitan, cool-season grass species regarded as one of the most significant weeds of turfgrass. It is mainly controlled by herbicides; however, repeated use of herbicides in golf turf has resulted in the evolution of multiple-herbicide resistant P. annua. [...] Read more.
Poa annua is a cosmopolitan, cool-season grass species regarded as one of the most significant weeds of turfgrass. It is mainly controlled by herbicides; however, repeated use of herbicides in golf turf has resulted in the evolution of multiple-herbicide resistant P. annua. Four field experiments were performed in autumn and spring in golf turf to identify effective herbicide options to control multiple herbicide-resistant P. annua. In herbicide resistance screening, the trial site population (SA1) was found to be susceptible to amicarbazone and terbuthylazine, but resistant to simazine and metribuzin at the field rate of each herbicide. Consistent with the results of the pot study, the PSII-inhibiting herbicides amicarbazone and terbuthylazine provided the best control (80–100%) of P. annua in both autumn and spring trials with minimal damage to the turf. In contrast, the other two PSII-inhibiting herbicides, metribuzin and simazine, were relatively ineffective in controlling P. annua in the field. Indaziflam also performed well in both autumn trials and reduced P. annua occurrence by >75%. Pyroxasulfone and s-metolachlor only provided moderate weed control in both the autumn and spring trials, reducing P. annua occurrence by 50%. Among the nine different herbicides, amicarbazone and terbuthylazine were found to be most effective for spring and autumn application in turf. As resistance to some PSII-inhibiting herbicides has already evolved in this field population, the use of amicarbazone and terbuthylazine needs to be integrated with other herbicide modes of action and non-chemical tactics to delay the onset of resistance to them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Forage and Turfgrass)
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