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13 pages, 273 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Citrullus colocynthis Seed Ameliorates Layer Performance and Immune Response under Acute Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat Injection

by Ahmed O. Abbas, Abdulaziz A. Alaqil, Nancy N. Kamel and Eman S. Moustafa

Animals 2022, 12(8), 945; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani12080945 - 07 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1529

Abstract

Oxidative stress is a detrimental physiological state that threatens birds’ productivity and general health. Colocynth is an herbal plant known for its bioactive properties, and it is mainly known for its antioxidant effects. This study’s purpose was to investigate how effective colocynth seed [...] Read more.

Oxidative stress is a detrimental physiological state that threatens birds’ productivity and general health. Colocynth is an herbal plant known for its bioactive properties, and it is mainly known for its antioxidant effects. This study’s purpose was to investigate how effective colocynth seed is at lowering the detrimental impact of acute oxidative stress caused by paraquat (PQ) injection in laying hens. A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown chickens, aged 39 weeks, were gathered and divided into four equal groups (10 hens × 9 replicates) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The experimental groups were given either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with colocynth seed (1% of diet). Starting from week 40 of age and for 7 successive days, the experimental groups were either injected daily with paraquat (5 mg/kg body weight) or with saline (0.5 mL, 0.9% NaCl). Egg production performance with selected stress biomarkers and immunological response parameters were investigated at the end of week 40 of age. Our data revealed a significant reduction in egg production with an increase in blood stress biomarkers (i.e., HSP-70, corticosterone, and H/L ratio) in PQ-injected groups compared with non-stressed groups. Furthermore, an unbalanced redox state was detected in acute oxidative stress groups, with a significant rise in lipid peroxidation level, a reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and a drop in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzyme activity. Supplementing PQ-injected hens with colocynth seed reduced the deleterious effects of acute oxidative stress. There was a significant drop in stress biomarkers with a significant rise in antioxidant enzyme activity and TAC observed in the PQ-injected group provided with colocynth seed supplementation. Remarkably, supplementation of colocynth in the non-stressed group resulted in a significant 27% increase in TAC concentration and 17% higher SOD activity when compared with the non-stressed control group. Colocynth supplementation in the PQ-injected group elevated the total white blood cell count by 25% and improved the B-lymphocyte proliferation index (a 1.3-fold increase) compared with the PQ-injected group that did not receive supplementation. Moreover, the non-stressed colocynth-supplemented group had significantly higher cell-mediated and humoral immune responses than the non-stressed control group. This study demonstrated that colocynth seed supplementation in birds exposed to acute oxidative stress may effectively alleviate its negative impacts on production performance, immunological responses, and redox status. We also inferred that, under normal conditions, colocynth seed can be added to laying hens’ diets to stimulate production and ameliorate immune responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Animal/Poultry Production: Molecular Mechanisms and Protection)

14 pages, 2957 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Selenium-Enriched Yeast Relieves Hexavalent Chromium Toxicity by Inhibiting NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Broiler Spleens

by Yanbing Zhao, Dezheng Hao, Huan Zhang, Jingqiu Wang and Ci Liu

Animals 2022, 12(2), 146; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani12020146 - 08 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1528

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms of selenium (Se) antagonism of hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺)-induced toxicity. Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) and selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) were used to construct the single Cr⁶⁺ and combined [...] Read more.

This study was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms of selenium (Se) antagonism of hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺)-induced toxicity. Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) and selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) were used to construct the single Cr⁶⁺ and combined Se/Cr⁶⁺ exposure broiler models, and then the broilers were randomly divided into four groups (C group, Se group, Se/Cr⁶⁺ group, and Cr⁶⁺group). After a 42-day experiment, the spleen tissues of broilers were excised and weighted. The antagonistic mechanisms of Se and Cr⁶⁺ were evaluated using histopathological assessment, serum biochemical tests, oxidative stress kits, ELISA, qPCR, and Western blotting. On the whole, there were no significant changes between the C and Se groups. The spleen organ index in the Cr⁶⁺ group was significantly decreased, but SeY increased spleen organ index to a certain extent. The levels of SOD and GSH were reduced, and the MDA content was elevated by Cr⁶⁺; however, these changes were mitigated by Se/Cr⁶⁺ exposure. Importantly, Cr⁶⁺ exposure induced a series of histopathological injuries in broiler spleen tissues, while these symptoms were significantly relieved in the Se/Cr⁶⁺group. Furthermore, Cr⁶⁺ significantly decreased the levels of T-globulin, IgA, IgM, and IgG in serum. Contrarily, dramatically more T-globulin IgA, IgM, and IgG were found in the Se/Cr⁶⁺group than in the Cr⁶⁺ group. Revealed by the results of qPCR and WB, the expressions of NF-κB, IκBα, and p-IκBα were upregulated in Cr⁶⁺ groups, while they were downregulated in Se/Cr⁶⁺ group compared to that in Cr⁶⁺ group. Besides IFN-γ and IL-2, the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly increased by Cr⁶⁺ exposure, but the SeY supplement relived the expression levels mediated by Cr⁶⁺ exposure. In conclusion, our findings suggest SeY has biological activity that can protect broiler spleens from immunosuppression and inflammation induced by Cr⁶⁺, and we speculate that the NF-κB signaling pathway is one of its mechanisms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Animal/Poultry Production: Molecular Mechanisms and Protection)

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15 pages, 5461 KiB

Open AccessArticle

TMT Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Effects of Transport Stress on Iron Metabolism in the Liver of Chicken

by Jun Liu, Dunhua Liu, Xun Wu, Cuili Pan, Shuzhe Wang and Lu Ma

Animals 2022, 12(1), 52; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani12010052 - 28 Dec 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2125

Abstract

Abnormal iron metabolism can cause oxidative stress in broilers, and transport stress (TS) may potentially influence iron metabolism. However, the mechanisms by which TS affects iron metabolism are unclear. This study used quantitative proteome analysis based on tandem mass tag (TMT) to investigate [...] Read more.

Abnormal iron metabolism can cause oxidative stress in broilers, and transport stress (TS) may potentially influence iron metabolism. However, the mechanisms by which TS affects iron metabolism are unclear. This study used quantitative proteome analysis based on tandem mass tag (TMT) to investigate the effects of TS on liver iron metabolism in broilers. Broilers (n = 24) reared under the same conditions were selected randomly into the transported group for 4 h (T2) and non-transported group (T1). Results showed that the serum iron level and total iron-binding capacity of broilers in the T2 were significantly higher than those in the T1 (p < 0.05). The liver iron content of broilers in the T2 (0.498 ± 0.058 mg·gprot⁻¹) was significantly higher than that in the T1 (0.357 ± 0.035 mg·gprot⁻¹), and the iron-stained sections showed that TS caused the enrichment of iron in the liver. We identified 1139 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Twelve DEPs associated with iron metabolism were identified, of which eight were up-regulated, and four were down-regulated in T2 compared with T1. Prediction of the protein interaction network for DEPs showed that FTH1, IREB2, and HEPH play vital roles in this network. The results provide new insights into the effects of TS on broilers’ liver iron metabolism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Animal/Poultry Production: Molecular Mechanisms and Protection)

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10 pages, 863 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Chronic Thermal Stress on Performance, Energy Metabolism, Antioxidant Activity, Brain Serotonin, and Blood Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chickens

by Omar A. Ahmed-Farid, Ayman S. Salah, Mohamed Abdo Nassan and Mahmoud S. El-Tarabany

Animals 2021, 11(9), 2554; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani11092554 - 31 Aug 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3020

Abstract

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of chronic thermal stress on the performance, energy metabolism, liver CoQ10, brain serotonin, and blood parameters of broiler chickens. In total, 100 one-day-old chicks were divided into two equal groups of five replicates. [...] Read more.

The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of chronic thermal stress on the performance, energy metabolism, liver CoQ10, brain serotonin, and blood parameters of broiler chickens. In total, 100 one-day-old chicks were divided into two equal groups of five replicates. At 22 days of age and thereafter, the first group (TN) was maintained at a thermoneutral condition (23 ± 1 °C), while the second group (TS) was subjected to 8 h of thermal stress (34 °C). The heat-stressed group showed significantly lower ADFI but higher FCR than the thermoneutral group (p = 0.030 and 0.041, respectively). The TS group showed significantly higher serum cholesterol, ALT, and AST (p = 0.033, 0.024, and 0.010, respectively). Meanwhile, the TS group showed lower serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, and Na+ than the TN group (p = 0.001, 0.025, 0.032, and 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, the TS group showed significantly lower SOD and catalase in heart tissues (p = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). The TS group showed significantly lower liver ATP than the TN group (p = 0.005). Meanwhile, chronic thermal stress significantly increased the levels of ADP and AMP in the liver tissues of broiler chickens (p = 0.004 and 0.029, respectively). The TS group showed significantly lower brain serotonin (p = 0.004) and liver CoQ10 (p = 0.001) than the TN group. It could be concluded that thermal stress disturbed the antioxidant defense system and energy metabolism and exhausted ATP levels in the liver tissues of broiler chickens. Interestingly, chronic thermal stress reduced the level of brain serotonin and the activity of CoQ10 in liver tissues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Animal/Poultry Production: Molecular Mechanisms and Protection)

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20 pages, 5142 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cinnamon Extract and Probiotic Supplementation Alleviate Copper-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Broiler Chickens

by Sara T. Elazab, Nahla S. Elshater, Asmaa T. Y. Kishaway and Huda A. EI-Emam

Animals 2021, 11(6), 1609; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani11061609 - 29 May 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 5064

Abstract

The present study aimed to assess the potential protective effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cin) and probiotic against CuSO₄-induced nephrotoxicity in broiler chickens. One-day-old Cobb chicks were assigned into seven groups (15 birds/group): control group, fed basal diet; Cin group, fed [...] Read more.

The present study aimed to assess the potential protective effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cin) and probiotic against CuSO₄-induced nephrotoxicity in broiler chickens. One-day-old Cobb chicks were assigned into seven groups (15 birds/group): control group, fed basal diet; Cin group, fed the basal diet mixed with Cin (200 mg/kg); PR group, receiving PR (1 g/4 L water); Cu group, fed the basal diets mixed with CuSO₄ (300 mg/kg); Cu + Cin group; Cu + PR group; and Cu + Cin + PR group. All treatments were given daily for 6 weeks. Treatment of Cu-intoxicated chickens with Cin and/or PR reduced (p < 0.05) Cu contents in renal tissues and serum levels of urea, creatinine, and uric acid compared to the Cu group. Moreover, Cin and PR treatment decreased lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in chickens’ kidney. Additionally, significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-2) and Bax, and in cyclooxygenase (COX-II) enzyme expression, and significant elevation (p < 0.05) in mRNA expression of IL-10 and Bcl-2 were observed in kidneys of Cu + Cin, Cu + PR, and Cu + Cin + PR groups compared to Cu group. Conclusively, Cin and/or PR afford considerable renal protection against Cu-induced nephrotoxicity in chickens. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Animal/Poultry Production: Molecular Mechanisms and Protection)

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8 pages, 357 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Total Antioxidant Capacity in Serum of Heathy and Stressed Hens

by Stefano Cecchini and Francesco Fazio

Animals 2020, 10(11), 2019; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani10112019 - 03 Nov 2020

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2810

Abstract

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in healthy and dexamethasone-stressed hens was measured by applying four different spectrophotometric methods—the ferric reducing ability (FRAP) assay, the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzotiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay, the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), and the total thiol levels (TTL). [...] Read more.

Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in healthy and dexamethasone-stressed hens was measured by applying four different spectrophotometric methods—the ferric reducing ability (FRAP) assay, the 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzotiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay, the free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), and the total thiol levels (TTL). TAC assessed by all four methods did not change throughout the experimental period in the control group, whereas significant changes were shown by all adopted assays in the stressed group with some remarkable differences. TAC increased in the stressed group when FRAP and ABTS assays were applied, while it was reduced when sera were assessed by FRSA and TTL assays. Furthermore, FRAP assay was the only test able to show a significant change in TAC immediately after the end of the induced stress. At the end of the experimental period, TAC assessed by ABTS and FRSA assays showed a complete recovery in the stressed group, whereas TAC assessed by FRAP and TTL assays still showed significant persistent differences when compared to the control group. The observed differences in TAC are discussed in the light of the different contribution in each assay of the various antioxidant substances present in the samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Animal/Poultry Production: Molecular Mechanisms and Protection)

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Review

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21 pages, 1889 KiB

Open AccessReview

Research Progress on Oxidative Stress and Its Nutritional Regulation Strategies in Pigs

by Yue Hao, Mingjie Xing and Xianhong Gu

Animals 2021, 11(5), 1384; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani11051384 - 13 May 2021

Cited by 54 | Viewed by 4181

Abstract

Oxidative stress refers to the dramatic increase in the production of free radicals in human and animal bodies or the decrease in the ability to scavenging free radicals, thus breaking the antioxidation–oxidation balance. Various factors can induce oxidative stress in pig production. Oxidative [...] Read more.

Oxidative stress refers to the dramatic increase in the production of free radicals in human and animal bodies or the decrease in the ability to scavenging free radicals, thus breaking the antioxidation–oxidation balance. Various factors can induce oxidative stress in pig production. Oxidative stress has an important effect on pig performance and healthy growth, and has become one of the important factors restricting pig production. Based on the overview of the generation of oxidative stress, its effects on pigs, and signal transduction pathways, this paper discussed the nutritional measures to alleviate oxidative stress in pigs, in order to provide ideas for the nutritional research of anti-oxidative stress in pigs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Animal/Poultry Production: Molecular Mechanisms and Protection)

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14 pages, 341 KiB

Open AccessReview

Impacts of Heat Stress-Induced Oxidative Stress on the Milk Protein Biosynthesis of Dairy Cows

by Zitai Guo, Shengtao Gao, Jialiang Ouyang, Lu Ma and Dengpan Bu

Animals 2021, 11(3), 726; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani11030726 - 07 Mar 2021

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3649

Abstract

Heat stress (HS) is one of the most important factors posing harm to the economic wellbeing of dairy industries, as it reduces milk yield as well as milk protein content. Recent studies suggest that HS participates in the induction of tissue oxidative stress [...] Read more.

Heat stress (HS) is one of the most important factors posing harm to the economic wellbeing of dairy industries, as it reduces milk yield as well as milk protein content. Recent studies suggest that HS participates in the induction of tissue oxidative stress (OS), as elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction were observed in dairy cows exposed to hot conditions. The OS induced by HS likely contributes to the reduction in milk protein content, since insulin resistance and apoptosis are promoted by OS and are negatively associated with the synthesis of milk proteins. The apoptosis in the mammary gland directly decreases the amount of mammary epithelial cells, while the insulin resistance affects the regulation of insulin on mTOR pathways. To alleviate OS damages, strategies including antioxidants supplementation have been adopted, but caution needs to be applied as an inappropriate supplement with antioxidants can be harmful. Furthermore, the complete mechanisms by which HS induces OS and OS influences milk protein synthesis are still unclear and further investigation is needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Animal/Poultry Production: Molecular Mechanisms and Protection)

27 pages, 3024 KiB

Open AccessReview

Modulation of Heat-Shock Proteins Mediates Chicken Cell Survival against Thermal Stress

by Abdelrazeq M. Shehata, Islam M. Saadeldin, Hammed A. Tukur and Walid S. Habashy

Animals 2020, 10(12), 2407; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani10122407 - 16 Dec 2020

Cited by 41 | Viewed by 5429

Abstract

Heat stress is one of the most challenging environmental stresses affecting domestic animal production, particularly commercial poultry, subsequently causing severe yearly economic losses. Heat stress, a major source of oxidative stress, stimulates mitochondrial oxidative stress and cell dysfunction, leading to cell damage and [...] Read more.

Heat stress is one of the most challenging environmental stresses affecting domestic animal production, particularly commercial poultry, subsequently causing severe yearly economic losses. Heat stress, a major source of oxidative stress, stimulates mitochondrial oxidative stress and cell dysfunction, leading to cell damage and apoptosis. Cell survival under stress conditions needs urgent response mechanisms and the consequent effective reinitiation of cell functions following stress mitigation. Exposure of cells to heat-stress conditions induces molecules that are ready for mediating cell death and survival signals, and for supporting the cell’s tolerance and/or recovery from damage. Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) confer cell protection against heat stress via different mechanisms, including developing thermotolerance, modulating apoptotic and antiapoptotic signaling pathways, and regulating cellular redox conditions. These functions mainly depend on the capacity of HSPs to work as molecular chaperones and to inhibit the aggregation of non-native and misfolded proteins. This review sheds light on the key factors in heat-shock responses for protection against cell damage induced by heat stress in chicken. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress in Animal/Poultry Production: Molecular Mechanisms and Protection)

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