Updates on Novel Antimicrobials Agents and Strategies against Pathogenic Bacteria, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Novel Antimicrobial Agents".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 11521

Special Issue Editors

Department of Biology, University of“Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: antibiotic resistance mechanisms; genetic bases for the diffusion of antibiotic resistance genes; microbial bioinformatics; new antimicrobial drugs; bacteriophages; bacteriophages as tools for phage therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence; Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital; 50134 Florence, Italy
Interests: Activity of novel antimicrobials on multi drug resistant strains and characterization of antibiotic resistance mechanisms; clinical parasitology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are very excited to announce the second edition of the Special Issue “Updates on Novel Antimicrobial Agents and Strategies Against Pathogenic Bacteria”. The breadth of antibiotic resistance phenomena is currently undermining the effectiveness and the usefulness of these very precious molecules for the battle against bacterial infectious diseases. During the current SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic, the problem has also been amplified following the great efforts of clinicians and healthcare personnel to contain the diffusion of this virus, which has complicated the strict application of infection control measures for multidrug-resistant bacteria. Moreover, patients with a severe COVID-19 infection are prone to develop opportunistic bacterial infections due to the impaired respiratory function and frequent use of immunocompromising therapies. Therefore, there is currently a more pronounced need to discover novel antibiotics and develop innovative antimicrobial approaches for the successful control of bacterial infections.

The second edition of this Special Issue aims to provide an update on the current original approaches to fighting bacterial pathogens. It is expected that this Special Issue will collect research articles on new molecules and formulations with antimicrobial activity, including new conventional antibiotics of either synthetic or natural origin, modified drugs with augmented potency to be used alone or in synergy, innovative alternatives such as antimicrobial resistance inhibitors (e.g., β-lactamase inhibitors or efflux pump inhibitors), enzybiotics, and probiotics able to displace the pathogenic microflora.

Dr. Marco Maria D'Andrea
Dr. Alberto Antonelli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antibiotics
  • antimicrobial drugs
  • infection
  • new antimicrobials
  • bacteriophages
  • enzybiotics

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3298 KiB  
Article
New Antimicrobials Based on the Adarotene Scaffold with Activity against Multi-Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus
by Salvatore Princiotto, Stefania Mazzini, Loana Musso, Fabio Arena, Sabrina Dallavalle and Claudio Pisano
Antibiotics 2021, 10(2), 126; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics10020126 - 28 Jan 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1964
Abstract
The global increase in infections by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens is severely impacting our ability to successfully treat common infections. Herein, we report the antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. faecalis (including some MDR strains) of a panel of adarotene-related synthetic retinoids. [...] Read more.
The global increase in infections by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens is severely impacting our ability to successfully treat common infections. Herein, we report the antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. faecalis (including some MDR strains) of a panel of adarotene-related synthetic retinoids. In many cases, these compounds showed, together with favorable MICs, a detectable bactericidal effect. We found that the pattern of substitution on adarotene could be modulated to obtain selectivity for antibacterial over the known anticancer activity of these compounds. NMR experiments allowed us to define the interaction between adarotene and a model of microorganism membrane. Biological assessment confirmed that the scaffold of adarotene is promising for further developments of non-toxic antimicrobials active on MDR strains. Full article
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9 pages, 1127 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Alteration by Dentine and Protein of the Antimicrobial Activity of Two Endodontic Irrigants: HybenX® and Sodium Hypochlorite
by Riccardo Pace, Fabio Morecchiato, Luca Giovannini, Luca Di Nasso, Valentina Giuliani, Debora Franceschi, Gabriella Pagavino, Gian Maria Rossolini and Alberto Antonelli
Antibiotics 2020, 9(11), 792; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics9110792 - 10 Nov 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1713
Abstract
Irrigant solutions commonly used for the treatment of endodontic infections can be inhibited by both organic and inorganic substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the novel irrigant HybenX® and 2.5% and 5% sodium [...] Read more.
Irrigant solutions commonly used for the treatment of endodontic infections can be inhibited by both organic and inorganic substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the novel irrigant HybenX® and 2.5% and 5% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis, in presence of dentine powder (DP) or bovine serum albumin 20% (BSA) as inhibitory agents. An E. faecalis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 29212 suspension was added to the irrigants (Hybenx® or NaOCl) and one or two different inhibitors (BSA and DP) either after one-hour pre-incubation at 35 ± 1 °C or not. The antimicrobial activity of HybenX® against E. faecalis was already proved at 15 min and was neither affected by BSA nor by DP or combinations thereof. NaOCl 2.5% showed an effective antimicrobial activity starting from 15 min and this activity was partially inhibited by BSA and BSA plus DP combination within one hour when pre-incubation occurred. NaOCl 5% showed antimicrobial activity within 15 min, which was inhibited within one hour only in the presence of both BSA and DP regardless of the pre-incubation period. HybenX® could represent a good alternative to common irrigants for the treatment of E. faecalis endodontic infections, showing a rapid antimicrobial activity not inhibited by organic and inorganic inhibitors. Full article
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Review

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16 pages, 8467 KiB  
Review
Donnan Potential across the Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria and Its Effect on the Permeability of Antibiotics
by Olaniyi Alegun, Ankit Pandeya, Jian Cui, Isoiza Ojo and Yinan Wei
Antibiotics 2021, 10(6), 701; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics10060701 - 11 Jun 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 7179
Abstract
The cell envelope structure of Gram-negative bacteria is unique, composed of two lipid bilayer membranes and an aqueous periplasmic space sandwiched in between. The outer membrane constitutes an extra barrier to limit the exchange of molecules between the cells and the exterior environment. [...] Read more.
The cell envelope structure of Gram-negative bacteria is unique, composed of two lipid bilayer membranes and an aqueous periplasmic space sandwiched in between. The outer membrane constitutes an extra barrier to limit the exchange of molecules between the cells and the exterior environment. Donnan potential is a membrane potential across the outer membrane, resulted from the selective permeability of the membrane, which plays a pivotal role in the permeability of many antibiotics. In this review, we discussed factors that affect the intensity of the Donnan potential, including the osmotic strength and pH of the external media, the osmoregulated periplasmic glucans trapped in the periplasmic space, and the displacement of cell surface charges. The focus of our discussion is the impact of Donnan potential on the cellular permeability of selected antibiotics including fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, β-lactams, and trimethoprim. Full article
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