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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Children
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Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Children

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2017) | Viewed by 11689

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mike Sharland

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial stewardship; responsible prescribing; bacterial resistance; pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics; post-marketing surveillance; healthcare associated infection; epidemiology; modelling and analytics
Dr. Shrey Mathur

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
Interests: bloodstream infections; rapid diagnostic testing; antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial stewardship; epidemiology; resource-limited settings; implementation science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Antibiotics is intended to highlight global problems of surveillance of antimicrobial use and resistance in children. Antimicrobial resistance in children is an issue of utmost importance to public and individual health; however there remains pressing work to be done in generating robust childhood-specific evidence and interventions. We are inviting primary research manuscripts and review articles discussing emerging issues for neonates and children. These include novel metrics, analytic approaches, surveillance methodologies; extent distribution, diversity in antimicrobial resistance patterns including healthcare associated infections; management of antibiotic consumption and use data; evaluation of existing and novel interventions; quantifying health outcomes and economic burden; challenges faced at regional, national, and global levels. Submitted manuscripts will be peer-reviewed to ensure that the issue contains high quality contributions. We hope that this Special Issue will serve to highlight current issues in optimising the best use of antibiotics in children.

Prof. Dr. Mike Sharland
Dr. Shrey Mathur
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • antimicrobial stewardship
  • paediatric responsible prescribing
  • bacterial resistance
  • pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics
  • post-marketing surveillance
  • healthcare associated infection
  • epidemiology
  • modelling and analytics

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

6 pages, 179 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: Current Status of the Sharing Antimicrobial Reports for Pediatric Stewardship (SHARPS) Collaborative
by Christopher McPherson, Brian R. Lee, Cindy Terrill, Adam L. Hersh, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Matthew P. Kronman and Jason G. Newland
Antibiotics 2018, 7(1), 4; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics7010004 - 25 Jan 2018
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5266
Abstract
In response to the growing epidemic of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) have been rapidly implemented in the United States (US). This study examines the prevalence of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) seven core elements of a successful [...] Read more.
In response to the growing epidemic of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) have been rapidly implemented in the United States (US). This study examines the prevalence of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) seven core elements of a successful ASP within a large subset of US Children’s Hospitals. In 2016, a survey was conducted of 52 pediatric hospitals assessing the presence of the seven core elements: leadership commitment, accountability, drug expertise, action, tracking, reporting, and education. Forty-nine hospitals (94%) had established ASPs and 41 hospitals (79%) included all seven core elements. Physician accountability (87%) and a dedicated ASP pharmacist or drug expert (88%) were present in the vast majority of hospitals. However, substantial variability existed in the financial support allotted to these positions. This variability did not predict program actions, tracking, reporting, and education. When compared with previous surveys, these results document a dramatic increase in the prevalence and resources of pediatric stewardship programs, although continued expansion is warranted. Further research is required to understand the feasibility of various core stewardship activities and the impact on patient outcomes in the setting of finite resources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Children)
344 KiB  
Article
Point Prevalence Surveys of Antimicrobial Use among Hospitalized Children in Six Hospitals in India in 2016
by Sumanth Gandra, Sanjeev K. Singh, Dasaratha R. Jinka, Ravishankar Kanithi, Ashok K. Chikkappa, Anita Sharma, Dhanya Dharmapalan, Anil Kumar Vasudevan, Onkaraiah Tunga, Akhila Akula, Garima Garg, Yingfen Hsia, Srinivas Murki, Gerardo Alvarez-Uria, Mike Sharland and Ramanan Laxminarayan
Antibiotics 2017, 6(3), 19; https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/antibiotics6030019 - 13 Sep 2017
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 5857
Abstract
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in India is among the highest in the world. Antimicrobial use in inpatient settings is an important driver of resistance, but is poorly characterized, particularly in hospitalized children. In this study, conducted as part of the Global Antimicrobial [...] Read more.
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in India is among the highest in the world. Antimicrobial use in inpatient settings is an important driver of resistance, but is poorly characterized, particularly in hospitalized children. In this study, conducted as part of the Global Antimicrobial Resistance, Prescribing, and Efficacy in Neonates and Children (GARPEC) project, we examined the prevalence of and indications of antimicrobial use, as well as antimicrobial agents used among hospitalized children by conducting four point prevalence surveys in six hospitals between February 2016 and February 2017. A total of 681 children were hospitalized in six hospitals across all survey days, and 419 (61.5%) were prescribed one or more antimicrobials (antibacterials, antivirals, antifungals). Antibacterial agents accounted for 90.8% (547/602) of the total antimicrobial prescriptions, of which third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) accounted for 38.9% (213/547) and penicillin plus enzyme inhibitor combinations accounted for 14.4% (79/547). Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) was the most common indication for prescribing antimicrobials (149 prescriptions; 24.8%). Although national guidelines recommend the use of penicillin and combinations as first-line agents for LRTI, 3GCs were the most commonly prescribed antibacterial agents (55/149 LRTI prescriptions; 36.9%). In conclusion, 61.5% of hospitalized children were on at least one antimicrobial agent, with excessive use of 3GCs. Hence there is an opportunity to limit their inappropriate use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surveillance of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Children)
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